物联网与作物模型在智慧棉花系统中的应用与展望

在已有科技与研究成果基础上,结合数据库技术,构建基于物联网与棉花功能结构模型Cotton XL的智慧棉花生产数字化系统平台。系统利用智能传感器等物联网设备实时采集田间气象、土壤和作物长势等数据以及现场视频图像信息,通过网络传输监测范围内棉株的信息至数据库,结合模型模拟分析,实现远程操控辅助管理、预测判别、智能处理和可视化模拟等功能,从而优化作物栽培管理措施,提升资源配置效率,提高棉花产量与品质,为棉农适应现代农业信息化、智能化、高效化提供有效途径。     

新疆棉花植保数据库的开发与应用

结合新疆实际 ,对棉花的主要病、虫、草害以及防治技术等相关信息进行系统、科学的整理和有序化存储 ,开发研制出图文并茂的“新疆棉花植保数据库”。数据库包括 :棉花虫害、病害、杂草、害虫天敌、药害、生理病害及棉花常用农药 7个子库。全库采用国际流行的检索技术 ,具有多种运算方式 ,检索速度快、用户界面友好 ,是识别棉花病虫草害和查找相关防治技术信息的较好工具     

基于农户的棉花生产和长势信息管理决策系统

 以全国140～150个产棉县的棉花生产数字信息为研究对象,根据2002年至2009年对各县棉花生产和长势信息的调查和监测,结合各县有关地形和气候等知识库和空间数据库,综合运用中国棉花生产景气指数模型（CCPPI）以及中国棉花生长指数模型（CCGI）,构建了基于RIA+WebService技术的农户为基本单位的棉花数字信息管理决策系统。该系统可动态发布棉花生长信息和空间变化信息以及管理决策预案,从而实现对棉花生产的快速监测、评价和高效管理。为我国广大棉区棉花生产和长势信息数字化管理决策提供技术支撑。     

基于LoRa通信的棉花智能水肥管理系统设计与应用

由LoRa(超远距离广域网,Long range)与4G蜂窝移动通信组网、具有边缘计算能力智能网关、物联网终端、远程自动化控制设备、水肥管理软件集成的智能水肥一体化管理系统,在灌溉水质较差、通信基础设施薄弱的新疆,使灌水施肥更精准、高效,示范农场节本增效明显.以LoRa通信为基础的棉花智能水肥管理系统是数字农场的重要执...     

茶叶物联网系统的设计分析与研究

茶叶是我国南方重要的经济作物,为了管理好茶叶质量,避免茶叶出现饮用安全问题,则不但要严格执行相应的监管体系、法律法规、技术标准,同时需要设计功能相对完善的物联网管理系统。本文分析了物联网总体架构设计形式,包括感知层设计、传输层与数据库设计、应用层设计,同时探讨了系统功能的实现过程,包括茶叶种植中物联网功能的实现,茶叶生产销售中物联网功能的实现,茶叶溯源查询中物联网功能的实现。     

基于WebGIS与知识模型的小麦病虫草害管理决策支持系统研究

为给小麦病虫草害管理提供远程预测和咨询服务,通过分析和提炼小麦病虫草害管理方面的最新研究结果和信息,根据小麦病虫草害的发生规律,结合小麦栽培管理知识模型以及经济信息,构建了小麦病虫草害管理模型;并运用软件工程的思想,以WebGIS为空间信息管理平台,结合MS-SQL Server数据库技术,建立了基于B/S结构的网络化小麦病虫草害管理决策支持系统.该系统实现了用户管理、地图操作、病虫草害管理、智能学习、农药查询以及帮助等功能.以江苏省为案例区,对系统进行了测试与检验,结果表明,该系统能根据不同地域内小麦病虫草害发生的实际情况,预测其对小麦的危害程度并生成适宜的防治措施,从而为小麦病虫草害管理提供了远程预测和决策咨询的服务工具.     

基于人工智能的棉花虫害预防系统结构设计

虫害是棉花种植中常见的自然灾害之一，如果对其防治不当，会直接影响到棉花的产量和质量。在棉花虫害防治中，精准的棉花生长环境信息和虫害信息是重要的参考，但是，当前棉花种植中对于虫害信息的获取，主要是依托人工调查，其效率和精准度相对较低。因此，结合人工智能中机器学习等技术体系，开发了棉花虫害预防系统。该系统运行主要依托智能监测小车和无人机巡检，以虫害和棉花生长的相关参数为对照，对录入数据进行智能分析和对比，为棉花虫害的预测和防治提供精准度高的线上系统支持。     

新疆棉花遥感监测背景数据库系统的设计

 阐述了新疆棉花遥感监测背景数据库系统的开发意义,介绍了其结构和功能设计,提出了实现此背景数据库系统的技术路线。该数据库系统包含遥感影像数据库、 基础与专题图数据库、 地面监测所得的GPS、GIS矢量数据库和属性数据库等子库系统;具有数据更新与显示、数据库管理、数据查询与应用以及外推连接等功能。     

面向农作物科学施肥管理与土壤肥力查询的农业智能问答系统

为促进农作物科学施肥管理与土壤肥力研究领域海量数据在农业生产中的利用,探索互联网+农业的新型应用方向,该研究以安徽省为例,首先构建农作物科学施肥管理与土壤肥力领域本体,再通过挖掘安徽省常见农作物的科学施肥管理措施与土壤肥力指标形成三元组数据,存储至图数据库Neo4j中建成知识图谱,其后通过模式匹配构建问句类型模板、关键词和规则,实现问答系统的问答功能。测试结果表明,该农业智能问答系统可以有效回答用户在安徽省常见农作物科学施肥管理与土壤肥力方面的提问。     

棉花气候分析及评价信息服务系统

针对与棉花生长发育和棉花生产关系密切的气象因素、气象灾害,通过气象科技进行气候分析及评价,并经过农学等逻辑推理,提出指导棉花生产之栽培管理措施,使决策者和生产者从本系统得到全面、综合、系统、客观、科学的信息,提高科学决策水平,为棉花生产管理提供针对性强、可操作性强的决策支持信息。1系统特点及系统结构在WINDOWS系统支持下,采用VB6.0和VisualFoxpro6.0等多种语言混合编程,模块化设计,界面良好,屏幕美观,快捷方便。面向用户,全面信息支持综合科学决策。兼容性、容错性、可移植性、普及性强。2系统功能2.1提供关中植棉区…     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.