美洛昔康片对比格犬的靶动物安全性评价

为研究美洛昔康片对靶动物比格犬的安全性,选取24只健康的比格犬随机分成4组,每组6只。各组试验犬分别以0、推荐剂量(0.2 mg/kg bw)、3倍推荐剂量(0.6 mg/kg bw)、5倍推荐剂量(1.0 mg/kg bw)口服美洛昔康片,每日1次,连续给药7 d。对一般临床状况、采食量、增重、饲料转化率、血液生理和生化指标、病理组织学等进行观察和检测。结果显示,除5倍推荐剂量对犬的肾脏和胃有一定的病理性影响外,其他各项指标与空白对照组相比差异均不显著。表明美洛昔康片毒性小,在犬体内耐受性高,以推荐剂量给药对靶动物犬是安全的。     

氯化汞诱导比格犬急性肾功能衰竭模型的建立

为了探讨氯化汞诱导比格犬急性肾功能衰竭模型的建立方法,试验选取14只比格犬随机分成2 mg/kg组(A组)、4 mg/kg组(B组),并设立生理盐水对照组,连续注射7 d,注射氯化汞后的第1~3周测定试验犬的肝脏、肾脏功能及观察相关脏器病理变化。结果表明:梯度剂量氯化汞可诱发比格犬不同程度的急性肾功能衰竭,但B组存在较严重的多器官损害。采用A组的方法,即每千克体重以2.0 mg的剂量连续注射7 d氯化汞溶液可建立急性肾功能衰竭模型。     

盐酸异丙肾上腺素致犬慢性心肌缺血模型的制备

为制备盐酸异丙肾上腺素致犬慢性心肌缺血模型,将12只比格犬随机分为空白组及模型组,模型组犬按1.1 mg/kg剂量皮下注射盐酸异丙肾上腺素,空白组犬给予相应的生理盐水,于试验后不同时间检测血压、心率及心电图的改变。结果显示,与空白组犬相比,模型组犬血压降低(P0.01或P0.05),心率加快(P0.01或P0.05),ST段抬高(P0.01或P0.05);表明盐酸异丙肾上腺素诱导犬慢性心肌缺血模型成功建立。     

加米霉素在比格犬体内的药代动力学研究

为探究加米霉素在比格犬体内的药物代谢动力学特征,了解其在比格犬机体内的吸收、分布、转化以及排泄规律,选取6只比格犬,加米霉素以推荐剂量6 mg/kg皮下以及静脉分别单次给药,分别于不同时间点静脉采集犬血液,用高效液相色谱串联二级质谱法测定血液中药物浓度。用非房室模型对药时曲线进行分析,皮下注射药动学参数为:达峰时间(T_(max))为0.875 h±0.186 h,消除半衰期(T_(1/2β))为59.978 h±7.861 h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为4.912μg·h/mL±0.738μg·h/mL。静脉注射药动学参数为:达峰时间(T_(max))为0.336 h±0.144 h,消除半衰期为(T_(1/2β))为49.028 h±5.012 h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为3.774μg·h/mL±0.211μg·h/mL。试验结果表明,静脉或皮下注射加米霉素后,药物在比格犬体内的浓度较高,且皮下注射的生物利用度较高,推荐使用皮下注射的方式给药。     

速眠新Ⅱ与舒泰复合麻醉剂对比格犬麻醉效果分析

为了探索速眠新Ⅱ与舒泰复合麻醉剂对比格犬的麻醉效果,选用健康比格犬20只,用速眠新Ⅱ(0.6mg/kg)与舒泰(0.75mg/kg)混合肌注诱导麻醉,30min后给予该混合制剂静脉维持麻醉(每小时速眠新Ⅱ0.2mg/kg,舒泰0.3mg/kg),随麻醉时间延长逐渐减量。结果显示,速眠新Ⅱ与舒泰复合麻醉剂,诱导麻醉迅速,维持麻醉效果安全、稳定,镇痛及肌松等效果良好,麻醉期间能保证动物的正常心肺功能。试验表明该复合麻醉剂是一种理想的麻醉剂,能满足各种外科手术操作需求。     

灭虫王注射液对肉食犬体内、外寄生虫驱杀效果的研究

本研究应用灭虫王注射液驱杀肉食犬体内、外寄生虫。结果表明,以0.10mg/kg、0.15mg/kg、0.20mg/kg的剂量,1次皮下注射,对回虫和钩虫驱杀效果确实,用药后10天,粪便中虫卵减少率为100%;按0.20mg/kg剂量皮下注射,每周1次,对轻症蠕形螨病犬注射1~2次即可治愈,重症者连续注射3~4次也可治愈,并且无毒副作用。     

奥芬达唑干混悬剂对青海牧区藏犬肠道寄生虫的驱虫试验

为评价奥芬达唑干混悬剂对青海牧区藏犬肠道寄生虫的驱虫效果,选择牧户家中饲养的35只藏犬,设奥芬达唑干混悬剂5、10、15mg/kg体重剂量组,进行驱虫效果评价。结果表明:3个试验剂量对藏犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩口线虫、细粒棘球绦虫、泡状带绦虫和多头带绦虫的转阴率和减少率均达100.0%。奥芬达唑干混悬剂3个试验剂量驱除牧区藏犬蛔虫、钩虫、绦虫高效安全,推荐剂量在5mg/kg以上。     

伊维菌素和吡喹酮复方注射液在绵羊体内的药代动力学

本文对自制伊维菌素(IVM)和吡喹酮(PZQ)复方制剂在绵羊体内的药代动力学进行了研究,试验将18只绵羊随机分为3组,A组肌肉注射自制复方制剂;B组皮下注射市售单方IVM注射液;C组口服市售单方PZQ片剂,其中伊维菌素的给药剂量均为0.2 mg/kg体重,A组PZQ的剂量为30 mg/kg体重,C组PZQ剂量为100 mg/kg体重.试验结果显示,肌肉注射自制复方制剂中IVM的各项药代动力学参数与单方对照药物相比均无显著差异;尽管复方制剂PZQ的剂量约为单方对照品的1/3,但两者的AUC值相似,复方制剂中PZQ的达峰时间比单方对照品快约6倍,T1/2beta长约3倍,维持有效血药浓度时间长达24 h,结果说明,自制复方制剂中IVM的生物利用度与单方对照药物相似,吡喹酮的生物利用度与单方对照药物相比有显著提高,且具有起效快、疗效长的特点.     

犬药物性急性肾损伤模型的建立及评价

[目的]探讨建立犬药物性急性肾损伤模型。[方法]16只健康成年比格犬每8 h皮下注射20 mg/kg庆大霉素,注射前血肌酐浓度(SCr)作为基线,注射后每6 h采集血液检测SCr浓度,于SCr无明显升高、SCr升高临近正常值上限及SCr升高到基线1.5倍时观察肾组织病理形态学改变,确定犬药物性急性肾损伤模型。[结果]SCr在注射庆大霉素后78 h显著升高(P<0.05),实验犬SCr均在120～132 h达到基线的1.5倍;肾组织在SCr升高到基线1.5倍时肾皮质大面积的肾小管变性、坏死,管腔有较多的细胞碎片和颗粒管型,基底膜裸露明显,髓质损伤较轻;与健康对照组相比,注射后肾损伤评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且肾损伤随用药时间延长评分逐渐增加。[结论]庆大霉素每8 h皮下注射20 mg/kg直至SCr浓度升高到基线1.5倍的方法可成功建立犬药物性急性肾损伤模型。     

丙泊酚注射液对靶动物犬的安全性评价

为研究丙泊酚注射液对靶动物犬的安全性,选取健康成年贵宾犬32只,随机分为4组,每组8只,各组试验犬分别按0、1倍推荐剂量(5.5 mg/kg·bw)、3倍推荐剂量(16.5 mg/kg·bw)、5倍推荐剂量(27.5 mg/kg·bw)单剂量静脉注射丙泊酚注射液,并对各组试验犬进行临床观察及各项生理指标检查。结果显示,各组试验犬血液学及血液生化指标变化均在正常范围内,苏醒后各组试验犬生理指标与空白对照组差异不显著,5倍推荐剂量组与空白对照组试验犬各脏器均未观察到异常病理变化。除3倍和5倍推荐剂量组部分试验犬出现呼吸抑制外,各剂量组试验犬均未出现死亡等其他不良反应。试验表明,丙泊酚注射液按推荐剂量给药对靶动物犬是安全的。     

黄芪多糖与庆大霉素肌肉注射治疗犬脾虚泄泻证的比较

以犬为研究对象,探讨黄芪多糖注射液肌肉注射对犬脾虚泄泻证的临床治疗效果。24只健康本地犬饲养1周后灌胃番泻叶水煎剂人工复制脾虚泄泻证病理模型,造模成功后随机分为3组：黄芪多糖注射液治疗组肌肉注射黄芪多糖注射液0．25mL／kg,2次／d;庆大霉素组肌肉注射庆大霉素注射液0．2mL／kg,2次／d;病理对照组不作任何处理;同时设立4头健康犬作为空白对照,造模期间灌胃生理盐水。治愈后检测试验犬体质量、三大临床指标、白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白及脾脏指数,并进行统计分析。结果表明,黄芪多糖注射液治疗组治愈后白细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞恢复较快,平均日增重及脾脏指数显著高于庆大霉素治疗组（p〈0．05）;三大临床指标各治疗组差异不显著（P〉0．05）。说明黄芪多糖注射液可用于临床治疗动物脾虚泄泻证。     

The effects of subcutaneous injections of sodium selenate on blood composition and milk yield in dairy cows.

Three groups of four lactating cows received a subcutaneous injection of 0 . 05, 0 . 10 and 0 . 15 mg Se/kg body weighty respectively administered as sodium selenate. A fourth group was injected with saline. In all the cows injected with sodium selenate, the concentration of Se in blood increased rapidly and was significantly higher than in control cows for two days in the group receiving the lowest dose and for 182 days (the duration of the experiment) in the two other groups. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in blood increased slowly in all cows injected with sodium selenate and was significantly greater than in control cows after 15, 22 and 29 days respectively, and remained significantly greater for 63, 91 and 182 days respectively. In a second experiment a single subcutaneous injection of 0 . 15 mg Se/kg body weight had no effect on the mean milk yield of 37 animals (19 . 1 kg/day) compared with the milk yield of a similar group of control animals (19 . 1 kg/day) during 70 days. The concentration of Se in milk was significantly higher on the first (168 microgram/litre) and second (69 microgram/litre) day after injection than in control animals (mean 26 microgram/litre).     

重组猪干扰素α1冻干粉针剂对猪的安全性试验研究简

试验旨在观察自行研制的重组猪干扰素α1冻干粉针剂对猪的安全性。将20头健康仔猪随机分为4组（3组试验组和1组对照组）,每组5只,3组试验组分别肌肉注射低、中和高剂量重组猪干扰素α1冻干粉针剂,连续注射7 d,对照组同时肌肉注射生理盐水。对动物基本生命体征、血常规、血液生化指标、组织标本病理学指标进行观察。各试验组仔猪的外表及行为特征均正常;体温、体重的变化也在正常范围之内;重要脏器如脑、肺脏、肝脏、心脏和脾脏病理解剖HE染色结果显示无器质性病变发生;血常规、血液生化指标均正常。试验结果表明本项目研制的重组猪干扰素α1冻干粉针剂对仔猪无明显毒副作用,使用安全。     

咪唑苯脲治疗犬巴贝西虫病试验

经皮下注射国产咪唑苯碌(6mg/kg体重,间隔24h用药2次)治疗巴贝西虫病病犬63 例,治疗后7d以血液涂片复查36例,33例虫体消失,3例仍有虫体,治愈率为91%。     

Evaluation of postceliotomy peritoneal drain fluid volume, cytology, and blood-to-peritoneal fluid lactate and glucose differences in normal dogs

Objective: To describe peritoneal drain fluid volume, fluid cytology, and blood‐to‐peritoneal fluid lactate and glucose concentration differences after exploratory celiotomy in normal dogs. Study Design: Prospective study. Animals: Healthy Beagle dogs (n=10). Methods: After exploratory celiotomy, a peritoneal drain was placed, and peritoneal fluid was recorded every 6 hours for 7 days. Fluid was submitted for cytologic examination, and fluid and blood glucose and lactate concentrations were recorded every 12 hours. On day 7, drains were removed and drain tips submitted for aerobic bacterial culture. Results: Mean peritoneal fluid volume decreased from 2.8 mL/kg/day (day 1) to 0.6 mL/kg/day (day 7). All dogs had degenerate neutrophils in peritoneal fluid throughout the 7 days. Four dogs developed contaminated drains. Blood‐to‐peritoneal glucose concentration differences>20 mg/dL occurred after day 4. By day 7, 5 of 7 dogs with patent drains had blood‐to‐peritoneal lactate concentration differences70% of dogs had differences consistent with septic peritonitis each day. Postoperative blood‐to‐peritoneal fluid glucose and lactate difference may not be reliable indicators of septic peritonitis when evaluating abdominal fluid collected with closed suction drains.     

头孢噻呋钠脂质体的毒性研究

按每千克体重1 000mg、500mg和200mg给15只小鼠腹腔注射头孢噻呋钠脂质体,7d后小鼠仍健活;再将56只小鼠随机分为7组,即头孢噻呋钠脂质体高、中、低剂量组(分别相当于临床剂量的20、10和5倍),头孢噻呋钠原料药高、中、低剂量组和生理盐水对照组,连续21d腹腔注射头孢噻呋钠脂质体和头孢噻呋钠后,进行血液学、血清生化学和组织病理学检查。小鼠血常规及生化指标经t检验后显示,头孢噻呋钠高剂量组对小鼠有明显的毒性,脂质体高剂量组也有一定毒性,但相比同剂量的原料药毒性有所降低。肝脏和肾脏病理切片结果显示,脂质体对小鼠造成的毒性影响明显比头孢噻呋钠小。本研究结果表明,经脂质体包封后的头孢噻呋钠毒性明显下降,安全性提高。     

Effect of tepoxalin on renal function in healthy dogs receiving an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

The objective of this study was to investigate renal function in clinically normal dogs receiving tepoxalin, a nonsteroidal inflammatory drug, either in association with or without an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Ten adult female Beagle dogs were used in the three phases of the study. The dogs were administered the drugs once daily for 7 days (experiment 1: placebo/tepoxalin/tepoxalin and benazepril; experiment 2: enalapril/tepoxalin and enalapril) or for 28 days (experiment 3: tepoxalin and benazepril together). Renal function was assessed by measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by renal scintigraphy [(renal uptake of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA)] and plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA. Compared with the placebo group, renal uptake and plasma clearance of 99mTc-DTPA were not significantly modified after a 7-day period of treatment with tepoxalin or enalapril alone, tepoxalin and benazepril or tepoxalin and enalapril together. No significant change was obtained in GFR after a 28-day period of dosing with tepoxalin and benazepril together. Therefore, it was concluded that tepoxalin did not alter renal function in healthy Beagle dogs receiving ACEI.     

隆朋麻醉对犬红细胞免疫黏附性及红细胞膜流动性的影响

本试验旨在研究隆朋麻醉对犬红细胞黏附性和膜流动性的影响。试验选用健康本地犬12只,肌肉注射隆朋3.0 mg/kg,于麻醉前（即0 h对照组）、麻醉后2、8、24、72、120、168 h动态采集5 mL外周静脉血,离心分离红细胞,制取红细胞悬液并制备试验用红细胞膜,进行C3b受体花环率和免疫复合物花环率的检测及红细胞膜流动性的检测。C3b受体花环率在麻醉后2 h出现下降趋势,但与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,注射隆朋后8 h低于对照组且差异极显著（P<0.01）,此后开始恢复,到麻醉后168 h基本恢复正常,与对照值相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。而免疫复合物花环率则呈现相反的趋势,其在注射隆朋后出现先上升后下降的趋势。免疫复合物花环率在注药后2~24 h高于对照组且差异极显著（P<0.01）,72 h基本恢复,与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。使用荧光偏振法测定红细胞膜的流动性,结果表明,注射隆朋后犬红细胞膜流动性增加,但与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。隆朋麻醉对犬红细胞免疫黏附性及膜流动性皆存在影响,但对其膜流动性的影响不显著（P>0.05）。     

Efficacy of an injectable, sustained-release formulation of moxidectin in preventing experimental heartworm infection in mongrel dogs challenged 12 months after administration

The objective of this study was to ascertain the ability of a single subcutaneous injection of a sustained-release (SR) formulation of moxidectin to protect dogs against challenge inoculation with infective Dirofilaria immitis larvae 364 days after administration. Twenty four purpose-bred adult mixed-breed dogs were grouped into three blocks of eight based on weight and sex. Saline solution (0.9% NaCl) or a moxidectin SR formulation at volumes designed to deliver 0.17 or 0.27 mg moxidectin/kg b.w. was injected subcutaneously on day 0. Throughout the post-treatment period, injection sites of all dogs were periodically examined visually and by palpation. Palpable swellings were characterized as to size, consistency and the presence of associated pain or erythema. On day 364, each dog was inoculated subcutaneously with 50 D. immitis L3. On days 510 and 511, dogs were euthanatized, and their hearts, lungs and thoracic cavities were inspected for the presence of adult heartworms. number, sex and viability of recovered heartworms were determined. The mean number of heartworms recovered from dogs that had received the saline control injection was 35.7. No heartworms were recovered from any dog treated with either 0.17 or 0.27 mg moxidectin/kg b.w. For variable periods of time following treatment, small (1-4 mm diameter), firm, subcutaneous swellings could be palpated at the injection sites of dogs treated with 0.17 or 0.27 mg moxidectin/kg b.w. These swellings contracted progressively and eventually disappeared except for the case of one animal treated with 0.27 mg/kg, in which the swelling persisted for the entire study period. At no time during the study was pain or erythema noted at the injection site of any dog, and no dog exhibited any adverse systemic reaction related to treatment. We conclude that under conditions pertaining in this study, a single subcutaneous injection of a moxidectin SR formulation at dosing rates of either 0.17 or 0.27 mg/kg b.w. can safely protect adult dogs against experimental challenge inoculation with infective heartworm larvae for a period of 12 months.