郁闭度与七指毛桃生长的相关性分析

研究不同郁闭度下七指毛桃的株高、地径、叶长与叶宽等生长指标和叶片、枝干及根的生物量干重。结果表明:(1)不同郁闭度对七指毛桃的生长特性及生物量均有不同的影响;(2)郁闭度为0.3时,七指毛桃的株高、叶长、叶宽等生长指标最佳,叶片及根的生物量干重最大,对其生长最有利;(3)郁闭度为0.8时,七指毛桃的株高、叶长、叶宽等生长指标最差,叶片、枝干及根的生物量干重均最小,不利于其生长。     

辽东山区核桃楸果材林复合经营技术研究

通过间伐调整核桃楸果材林的郁闭度,并在林冠下套种山野菜、中草药。结果表明:不同郁闭度对核桃楸林分的胸径、树高生长及林木单株结实量影响显著。郁闭度0.6、每公顷保留300株的林分总结实量最高。套种的穿龙薯蓣、细辛、东北铁线莲、龙牙楤木、轮叶党参、唐松草、大叶芹和日本大叶芹的平均单株产量均随着林分郁闭度增大而减小。核桃楸果材林复合经营以林分郁闭度0.6为宜,坚果产量、山野菜和中药材产量高,经济效益较好。     

不同林分密度楠木人工林生物量初步研究

对福建省顺昌埔上国有林场不同林分密度的37年生楠木人工纯林的生物量及分配进行调查和分析,结果表明:低密度林分(1 500~1 650株.hm-2)楠木单株标准木的平均生物量为56.52 kg.株-1,是高密度林分(2200~2400株.hm-2)的1.39倍。单株标准木各器官的平均生物量均随林分密度的增加而减小;楠木人工林乔木层生物量随林分密度的增加而增大,乔木层总平均生物量在干材中的分配基本不受林分密度的影响(低密度的为53.59%,高密度的为53.72%),在根、皮中的分配比例随林分密度的增大略有增大,而在枝与叶中的分配比例则随密度的增加而下降。各器官生物量均存在干材>根>皮>枝>叶这一规律,其中干材生物量占总物量的比例最大,均超过了50%,最大达到61.11%。     

辣木幼苗氮磷钾肥效应及推荐施肥量研究

为探究氮磷钾肥对辣木幼苗生长的影响,采用“3414”不完全回归施肥试验设计,测定不同处理组合下辣木幼苗的农艺性状及生物量等指标,同时对辣木幼苗的总生物量进行方程拟合,以期筛选出最大总生物量的氮、磷、钾推荐施肥量。结果表明：辣木幼苗地径、株高、壮苗指数、根干重、茎干重、叶干重、总生物量,施用氮肥的较不施肥增加475.67%、406.04%、84.70%、757.15%、7 991.07%、17 792.20%、2 281.61%;施用磷肥的较不施肥增加29.11%、49.37%、100.15%、105.38%、141.89%、44.89%、96.48%;施用钾肥的,地径、株高、壮苗指数、根干重、茎干重较不施肥减少15.89%、15.86%、25.14%、30.53%、25.47%,叶干重、总生物量较不施肥增加4.18%、1.52%。氮磷钾之间存在不同程度的交互作用,对辣木壮苗指数的影响表现为P₂O₅>N>K₂O,对地径、株高、根干重、茎干重、叶干重、总生物量6个指标的影响表现为N>P₂     

密度对乐昌含笑幼苗的生长和生物量的影响

以1年生乐昌含笑Michelia chapensis实生苗为试验材料,采用盆栽法,在美植袋中分别种植1、2、4、8株幼苗(密度I、II、III、IV),研究密度对幼苗的形态生长和生物量的影响。研究结果表明,幼苗的地径随着密度增大而减小,而苗高为密度I密度III密度II密度IV。每盆幼苗的总生物量随密度增大而增加,幼苗单株幼苗各器官干重(根、干、枝、叶)和幼苗单株干重均随密度增加而减少,其干重为根干叶枝,各密度的根冠比小于1。     

杉木人工林生物量变化规律的研究

基于大岗山林区相似立地条件前后3次生物量调查研究资料,结合杉木人工林固定样地长期观测材料对杉木人工林生物量的变化规律作了较为详尽的研究,得到了如下主要研究结果：(1)对于同一林分,除叶生物量和某些枝生物量存在一个减小的时期外(5a至8a时),单株和林分各组分生物量均随林龄的增加而增大。在12a前的林分速生期间,叶、枝、干所占比重微弱增加,致使地上部分比重增加,而根比重减小;在干材期(12～16a),单株各组分所占比例趋于稳定。(2)立地指数对单株和林分各组分的生物量、总生物量以及生物量分配比率均存在显著影响,且这种影响随着林龄的变化而变化,并受初植密度的制约。(3)随着初植密度的增大,单株各组分生物量明显减小,干生物量分配比率在任一林龄时刻均呈下降趋势;由密度所形成的不同林分生物量间的差距随林龄呈减弱的趋势。     

遮光对射干苗生长及生理指标的影响

通过设置T₀(100%透光率)、T₁(50%透光率)、T₂(25%透光率)、T₃(5%透光率)4种不同的遮光处理,研究了不同光照条件对1年生射干苗生长形态和生理指标的影响。结果表明：1)T₁、T₂处理下,射干苗的株高、基径均有所增加,单株叶数、单叶长、单叶宽增大,但主根长与根粗减小,与对照呈显著差异,而以中度遮光(T₂)最有利于生物量的增加;强度遮光条件下(T₃)的单叶鲜重、单叶干重、单株叶鲜重、单株叶干重显著低于对照(T₀)。2)随着遮光强度的加大,射干叶片内可溶性蛋白质含量增加,并以T₂处理的效应最明显,可溶性糖含量呈现类似的变化。3)随着光照强度的减弱,射干叶片内的叶绿素含量总体上呈上升趋势,重度遮光显著影响叶绿体的合成与发育,进而显著影响个体的生长和生物量。     

中低强度间伐对杆材阶段马尾松林生物量的影响

对杆材阶段不同密度的马尾松林在低强度间伐后生物量的动态变化进行了分析对比，结果表明间伐后平均木的单株生物量和各器官生物量随密度增加而减少；随林分年龄的增加，单株生物量与树干、皮、根的生物量因积累而增大，但枝、叶的生物量先增加后减少，在林分年龄为20a时达到最大值，随后又接近间伐前的数值；林分生物量随年龄增加而增加，其中密度为3000株     

不同有机栽培基质对粗梗木莲幼苗生长的影响

分别用树皮、生物有机肥、菌棒3种有机基质作为粗梗木莲容器育苗的肥源，与细黄心土按有机基质30％，细黄心土70％的比例混合配比。用10cm×10cm黑色软塑料钵栽植。随机区组设计，50株为1小区，3次重复。结果表明，生物有机肥能显著提高苗木的株高、地径、叶片数和叶面积等形态指标，也能显著提高苗木的总鲜重、叶鲜重、茎鲜重、根鲜重、总干重和茎干重等生物量指标，是一种较为适合粗梗木莲容器育苗的有机基质。树皮有机基质与菌棒基质的效果相对较差，但也可作为粗梗木莲容器育苗的一种基质使用。     

造林密度对材用樟树幼林生长和蓄积量的影响

以7年生不同造林密度樟树人工林为研究对象,通过分析林分平均胸径、树高、枝下高、冠幅、单株材积和蓄积量等指标,探究造林密度对樟树幼林林分生长及林分蓄积量的影响。结果表明:1)随着造林密度的增大,樟树林分平均胸径、冠幅和单株材积均呈现减小的规律,造林密度为833株·hm^-2时平均胸径、冠幅和单株材积均最大;2)造林密度对林分平均树高的影响较小,枝下高随造林密度的增大而逐渐增高,造林密度为2 500株·hm^-2时林分枝下高最高;3)随着造林密度的增大,林分蓄积量呈现先增大后减小的规律,造林密度为1 111株·hm^-2时林分蓄积量达到最大值;4)各密度条件下林分胸径生长过程相似,但胸径生长旺盛期的持续时间随造林密度的增大而逐渐减少,造林密度为833株·hm^-2时胸径生长旺盛期持续时间最长;5)不同密度林分单株材积连年生长量呈先增大后减小的趋势,林分单株材积快速增长期持续时间随造林密度的增大而减少;6)综合考虑,樟树人工林适宜造林密度为1 111株·hm^-2,合理造林密度范围为1 111～1 667株·hm^-2。     

麻竹枝叶生长对钩梢的响应

为了解冠层生物量积累、分配及枝叶大小对麻竹立竹受营林措施干扰(钩梢)后的响应,对不同竹龄全梢、钩梢麻竹地上构件生物量、生物量比、单叶特征、大小枝生物量分配比例及商品竹叶数量进行了调查.结果表明:麻竹立竹地上现存生物量分配格局为秆＞枝＞叶.叶生物量、叶/枝和叶/秆生物量比为2年生＞3年生＞1年生.随着竹龄的增加,枝、秆生物量、地上生物量和枝/秆生物量比总体上呈增加的趋势.2年生和3年生立竹枝、叶生物量分配比例显著高于1年生立竹,秆生物量分配比例显著小于1年生立竹.此外,随着竹龄的增加,立竹减少了对0 ～8 mm枝生物量的分配,增加了对8～16 mm、16 mm以上枝生物量的投入,以提高空间拓展能力,截获更多光资源.钩梢强烈影响了生物量分配格局,显著减小了麻竹立竹枝、叶、秆、地上生物量.钩梢后麻竹立竹增加了枝、叶生物量分配比例,减少了秆生物量的分配比例,同时提高了单叶叶面积和单叶干质量,增加了8～16 mm、16 mm以上枝生物量分配比例,减小0～8 mm枝生物量分配比例,以权衡枝叶的生长,提高立竹对环境的适合度.钩梢后立竹叶/枝、叶/秆、枝/秆生物量比升高,表明生物量分配更多地向叶和枝倾斜.钩梢麻竹商品竹叶数量较全梢麻竹增加29.68％,且发生部位明显降低,钩梢后冠层下部商品竹叶数量增加79.73％,中部商品竹叶数量增加25.81％,降低了采摘高度.在钩梢后的一个生长季内,钩梢影响了麻竹立竹资源利用策略,表现为枝与叶之间关系的变化,但随钩梢年限的增加其变化规律如何尚需进一步研究.     

Variability in Populus leaf anatomy and morphology in relation to canopy position, biomass production, and varietal taxon

Twelve poplar (Populus) genotypes, belonging to different taxa and to the sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca, were studied during the third growing season of the second rotation of a high density coppice culture. With the objective to highlight the relationships between leaf traits, biomass production and taxon as well as the influence of canopy position, anatomical and morphological leaf characteristics (i.e. thickness of epidermis, of palisade and spongy parenchyma layers, density and length of stomata, leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA) and nitrogen concentration) were examined for mature leaves from all genotypes and at two canopy positions (upper and lower canopy). Above ground biomass production, anatomical traits, stomatal and morphological leaf characteristics varied significantly among genotypes and between canopy positions. The spongy parenchyma layer was thicker than the palisade parenchyma layer for all genotypes and irrespective of canopy position, except for genotypes belonging to the P. deltoides × P. nigra taxon (section Aigeiros). Leaves at the upper canopy position had higher stomatal density and thicker anatomical layers than leaves at the lower canopy position. Leaf area and nitrogen concentration increased from the bottom to the top of the canopy, while SLA decreased. Positive correlations between biomass production and abaxial stomatal density, as well as between biomass production and nitrogen concentration were found. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that genotypes belonging to the same taxon had similar anatomical characteristics, and genotypes of the same section also showed common leaf characteristics. However, Wolterson (P. nigra) differed in anatomical leaf characteristics from other genotypes belonging to the same section (section Aigeiros). Hybrids between the two sections (Aigeiros × Tacamahaca) expressed leaf characteristics intermediate between both sections, while their biomass production was low.     

川南地区园林中12种藤本植物的叶片性状及其关系

对川南地区常见的12种藤本植物叶片特征进行研究的结果表明：园林中藤本植物叶性状存在较大差异,且不同指标变异程度不同;部分性状相关性显著（P〈0．05）,比叶面积随叶片干重的增加而减小,随单位鲜重含水量的增加而增加,单位鲜重含水量、鲜重和叶面积能较好地表征不同种类比叶面积的变化（R^2=0．886,P〈0．01）;叶干重、叶鲜重与叶面积呈正相关;叶绿素含量与其它叶性状的相关性不显著。     

黄连木苗期年生长节律及其生物量分配规律

为给黄连木幼苗生产管理提供参考,在定期观测的基础上,研究黄连木苗期年生长动态、生物量积累与分配规律以及植物生长指标与生物量组分的相关性。结果表明:在整个苗期生长过程中,黄连木的苗高、地径、冠幅生长均呈现"S"型曲线,用Logistic生长方程和生长曲线能对其动态生长节律进行很好地拟合。结合实际测量值将黄连木1年生幼苗的生长过程分为4个阶段:出苗期、生长初期、速生期和生长末期。各指标速生期的生长量占其总生长量50%以上;黄连木1年生苗木的地上与地下部分生物量比例为1.78∶1.00;苗木生物量各指标中,地径与苗高、茎干质量、叶干质量显著相关,苗高与茎干质量、叶干质量显著相关,茎干质量与叶干质量极显著相关。     

Family variation in gas exchange, growth and leaf traits of black locust half-sib families

Variations in several growth, gas exchange and leaf traits among greenhouse-grown black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings from 11 half-sib families were investigated. Three weeks after germination, early growth rates ranged from a minimum of 1 cm d(-1) in the slowest growing family, to a maximum of 3 cm d(-1) in the fastest growing family. Significant family variation in net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area (P(N)), stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, height, diameter, stem dry weight and total dry weight was observed. Net photosynthetic rate declined with seedling age. Net photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area was significantly correlated (r < 0.4) with specific leaf area, total chlorophyll, root dry weight, foliage dry weight and total dry weight. The correlation coefficients were higher (r >/= 0.55) between P(N) x total leaf area and growth traits (height, stem dry weight, foliage dry weight and total dry weight). The study indicated that variation in leaf area among the families was one reason for the lack of a strong relationship between P(N) and growth.     

Ramet population structure of Fargesia nitida in different canopy conditions of the subalpine dark coniferous forest in the Wolong Nature Reserve, China

The bamboo Fargesia nitida, one of the giant panda’s main food sources and the dominant shrub species of the forest understory, is mainly distributed in the dark coniferous belt in western Sichuan and southern Gansu in China. To study the impact of different forest canopy conditions on subalpine dwarf bamboo populations, ramet population structures of clonal Fargesia nitida were surveyed in: forest understory (FU), moderate gap (MG), large gap (LG) and marginal open space (MOS). In order to determine how the ramet structures could be affected and its effects on these four canopy conditions, a field survey of the age structure of Fargesia nitida population, its morphological traits and biomass was conducted in the Abies faxoniana forest situated in the Wolong Nature Reserve, western Sichuan, China. The main results were as follows. First, at the ramet level, the structures of the ramet populations in four canopy conditions were significantly different, and as the canopy density decreased, the mean height, basal diameter and biomass of the populations increased following the order: LG<MG<FU. Second, the biomass proportions of ramets modularly varied with different canopy conditions and leaf biomass proportion was positively related to the canopy density except for the MOS where the biomass proportions of rhizome and roots were both higher than those in the three other canopy conditions. Third, ramet specific leaf weight increased in parallel with the decrease in canopy density. In the MG, the values of the individual leaf biomass and leaf area were the largest, followed by those in the MOS. Both the individual leaf biomass and leaf area were significantly different from those in the FU and LG. Leaf number per ramet was significantly different among the four different canopy conditions and the biggest in the LG. Fourth, the ramet population mortality was the lowest in the FU (Chi-square test, p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in the average population age (Mann-Whitney test, p > 0.05). All the results indicated that it was not ramet age, but the morphological changes and biomass distribution that exhibited the response of the ramet population of Fargesia nitida to the changed canopy conditions. Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 40(1): 730–736 [译自: 生态学报]     

Effects of nitrogen on leaf physiology and growth of different families of loblolly and slash pine

Leaf physiology and fractional dry weight allocation were examined in four open-pollinated families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englm. var. elliottii) in response to growth under low and high N supply for six months. Nitrogen greatly influenced dry weight allocation, total mass, leaf net photosynthesis and leaf conductance in seedlings of both species. Family variation in fine root allocation was observed under low but not high N treatment, but for the majority of physiological and growth traits, family variation was stable under varying N treatment. Family rankings based on juvenile height, diameter and biomass accretion were similar to rankings based on field performance at 22 years in slash pine but not loblolly pine. Lower leaf maintenance respiration rates were associated with families exhibiting the most rapid juvenile growth.     

2年生云南松实生苗生物量家系间变异研究

以20个云南松半同胞家系的2 a生实生苗为研究对象,对其生物量的累积与分配在家系层次的变异规律进行研究,以期为科学评价云南松苗木质量和提高遗传改良的潜在增益提供依据.结果表明,20个云南松半同胞家系2a生实生苗的生物量累积与分配指标,在家系间均达到显著或极显著水平的差异.根干重、茎干重、叶干重、地上干重、全株干重、根分...     

岷江干旱河谷区峨眉蔷薇地上生物量及模型研究

岷江干旱河谷区是植被恢复困难地带,研究峨眉蔷薇生物量及模型,可对岷江干旱河谷区植被保护与恢复工作提供科学理论依据.研究结果表明:①不同径级的峨眉蔷薇各器官生物量分配大小,在阴阳坡均表现为干生物量>枝生物量>皮生物量>叶生物量,占比最大的主干部分对地上生物量总量贡献较大;②峨眉蔷薇对海拔梯度的响应,在阴阳坡均表现为中坡位...     

Morphological plasticity and regeneration strategies of velvet leaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.) following canopy disturbance in boreal mixedwood forests

The effects of canopy disturbance on the abundance, growth, morphological plasticity, biomass allocation and fruit production of velvet leaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.) were examined in 1996 in a second-growth boreal mixedwood forest near Nipigon, northwestern Ontario that had been logged by either shelterwood cutting or clearcutting in 1993. We found that V. myrtilloides was able to persist in both open and closed canopy boreal mixedwood forests managed for commercial timber extraction. Persistence under heavy shade conditions was accompanied by significant morphological and biomass allocation plasticity. Specific leaf area, leaf area, individual leaf weight, and the proportion of total biomass in stems and foliage changed along an understory light gradient from 0% to 67% percent photosynthetic photon flux density (% PPFD). The degree of above-ground morphological plasticity may explain blueberry's ability to survive under low light conditions. Reproductive performance of V. myrtilloides was greatest under the partial shade conditions associated with shelterwood cutting. Blueberry bushes growing in clearcuts overgrown with 3-year old aspen (Populous tremuloides Michx.) saplings remained mostly vegetative whereas the number, fresh weight and dry weight of berries in shelterwood cuts was 94% grater than that produced after clearcutting. We attributed the lower fruit yields in the clearcuts to heavy shading from regenerating hardwoods, and mechanical damage to above-ground biomass. The paucity of seedling regeneration as well as extensive mechanical damage to above-ground stems by logging equipment delayed vegetative regeneration of V. myrtilloides in large canopy openings of the clearcut blocks. Unlike other more aggressive ericaceous species (e.g. Kalmia angustifolia var. angustifolia L., Gaultheria shallon Pursh.), V. myrtilloides was unable to resist invasion from faster growing hardwood species (e.g. P. tremuloides) and was rapidly overtopped. V. myrtilloides plants in the uncut control blocks received 3.9% of full sunlight, whereas those growing in the partial cut and clearcut blocks received an average of 25.3% and 32.5% PPFD, respectively. Cover of vegetation over-topping blueberry plants was highest in the uncut forest (90.3%), but was not significantly different between the partial cut (45.5%) and clearcut (50.1%) treatment blocks.