江西省毛翅目昆虫名录

本文列出江西省毛翅目昆虫种类名录,共计16科、35属、87种,其中江西省新记录5科、12属、25种。     

江西省蝉科昆虫考察记述(半翅目)

本文报道了江西省蝉科昆虫名录,共计43种。     

江西天蛾科昆虫种类记述

本文报道江西省天蛾科昆虫种类共计90种,分隶于4亚科、40属,并将每种在我省的采集地、寄主、重要种类生物学简介及防治要点进行了记述。     

江西九连山国家级自然保护区苔藓植物分布新记录

为了进一步掌握九连山国家级自然保护区分布的苔藓植物资源,采用重点线路调查法,新增4个江西省苔藓新记录种,即淡枝长喙藓Rhynchostegium pallenticaule（青藓科Brachytheciaceae）、小扭口藓Barbula indica（丛藓科Pottiaceae）、落叶羽苔Plagiochila defolians（羽苔科Plagiochilaceae）、硬指叶苔Lepidozia vitrea（指叶苔科Lepidoziaceae）。新增3个九连山国家级自然保护区苔藓新记录种,即黄色真藓Bryumpallescens（真藓科Bryaceae）、江岸立碗藓Physcomitrium courtoisii（葫芦藓科Funariaceae）、芽胞裂萼苔Chiloscyphus minor（指叶苔科Lepidoziaceae）。调查研究进一步丰富了江西九连山国家级自然保护区的苔藓植物多样性,为江西省苔藓植物志的编研增加了本底资料。     

江西省蜘蛛资源调查

通过对自采近2万份标本的分析鉴定和整理前人文献,报道了江西省共有蜘蛛36科177属599种。     

江西叶蝉总科昆虫种类记述

本文记述江西省叶蝉总科昆虫种类共计162种，隶属85属、11科。其中有1种中国新记录，28种为江西新记录，并将每种的分布及寄主分别进行记述。     

菟丝子属杂草普查及防治试验简报

本文报道江西省在普查中新发现的菟丝子属杂草的寄主植物3l科75种以及4种除草剂对荒地菟丝子属杂草的防治效果，提出菟丝子属杂草的综合防治方法。     

江西省气象局与江西省科协携手推进“科普中国”落地应用

正为充分发挥气象在提升全民科学素质中的重要作用,江西省科学技术协会和江西省气象台在第58个世界气象日签署了科普合作协议,双方将进一步整合、挖掘江西气象科普平台潜力,打造科普联盟,共同推进"科普中国"落地应用。据介绍,"科普中国"是中国科学技术协会为深入推进科普信息化建设而打造的品牌,旨在以科普内容建设为重点,依托现有的传播渠道和平台,使科     

江西蜘蛛资源的初步研究

江西省地处中国东南偏中部,面积16．69万km^2,属亚热带湿润季风气候区,其主要土壤类型为山地黄红壤和黄壤,森林覆盖率为59．7％。笔者通过对自采部分标本的分析鉴定和整理前入工作,报道了江西蜘蛛34科164属550种。     

江西乐安红豆杉林蜘蛛资源调查

江西省乐安红豆杉林位于东经115.49,北纬27.25,近千棵红豆杉与针叶林、宽叶林、灌丛和草丛等共同形成了红豆杉林植物群落.通过调查共获得蜘蛛标本234份,经鉴定计24科61属73种,其中2种为江西新记录种,另有新种2种.     

Study of variegated and white flower petals of Capparis spinosa expanded at dusk in arid landscapes

In this study,we provide the first evidence of two pairs of petals of the rapidly expanded and short-lived nocturnal flowers of Capparis spinosa L.(caper)during the prolonged drought period in Eastern Mediterranean region.The corolla of the winter-deciduous,perennial C.spinosa consists of two pairs of petals:a pair of white distinct petals and a pair of connate variegated petals with green basal parts.The results indicated the presence of substantially different amounts of chlorophyll in the two pairs of petals,while their carbohydrates’content is comparable with that of the green sepals.High resolution imaging of petal surfaces of short-lived flowers of C.spinosa, obtained by using scanning electron microscopy,revealed stomata on the adaxial epidermis on both the white and the green parts of the variegated petals;while dense hairs were found on the surface of the abaxial green parts of the variegated petals.Adaxial,epidermal cells of the variegated petals,viewed using atomic force microscopy,possess a submicron,cuticular microfolding that differs between the white and the green parts of the petals.It appears that microridges on the adaxial,white parts of petals of C.spinosa compensate for an increase in cell surface area of the short lived petals,while the roughness of the green parts of petals was found to be higher than that of the white parts.Thus,the micromorphology of surfaces of epidermal cells is expected to affect optical properties and wettability of the floral tissues.These findings may be particularly important for understanding the performance of the short-lived petals of C.spinosa,which are exposed to dryland environments.     

Temperature-mediated responses of flumetsulam and metosulam on Raphanus raphanistrum

The effect of temperature and light after spraying on the activity of flumetsulam and metosulam when applied to seedlings of Raphanus raphanistrum was evaluated under controlled environments. Flumetsulam and metosulam were applied at 0.01–3 times the recommended doses and the plants were subjected to a range of temperatures after spraying. Herbicide activity was estimated from dose–response curves of fresh weight. Varying the temperature after spraying from 1 to 20 °C increased the activity of flumetsulam and metosulam, as determined by comparison of ED₅₀, by a factor of 97 and 7 respectively. Large increases in herbicide activity occurred in the 1–5 °C range and smaller but significant increases at temperatures greater than 5 °C. No significant differences in the activity of the herbicides were found when the plants were subjected to light or dark conditions at 5 °C after spraying. The influence of temperature on activity may lead to opportunities for rate adjustment of flumetsulam and metosulam based on the temperature prevailing around the time of spraying.     

Early molecular signatures of responses of wheat to Zymoseptoria tritici in compatible and incompatible interactions

Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, a serious foliar disease of wheat, is a necrotrophic pathogen that undergoes a long latent period. Emergence of insensitivity to fungicides, and pesticide reduction policies, mean there is a pressing need to understand septoria and control it through greater varietal resistance. Stb6 and Stb15, the most common qualitative resistance genes in modern wheat cultivars, determine specific resistance to avirulent fungal genotypes following a gene‐for‐gene relationship. This study investigated compatible and incompatible interactions of wheat with Z. tritici using eight combinations of cultivars and isolates, with the aim of identifying molecular responses that could be used as markers for disease resistance during the early, symptomless phase of colonization. The accumulation of TaMPK3 was estimated using western blotting, and the expression of genes implicated in gene‐for‐gene interactions of plants with a wide range of other pathogens was measured by qRT‐PCR during the presymptomatic stages of infection. Production of TaMPK3 and expression of most of the genes responded to inoculation with Z. tritici but varied considerably between experimental replicates. However, there was no significant difference between compatible and incompatible interactions in any of the responses tested. These results demonstrate that the molecular biology of the gene‐for‐gene interaction between wheat and Zymoseptoria is unlike that in many other plant diseases, indicate that environmental conditions may strongly influence early responses of wheat to infection by Z. tritici, and emphasize the importance of including both compatible and incompatible interactions when investigating the biology of this complex pathosystem.     

药液表面张力和黏度对草甘膦药效的影响及其机理研究

通过添加有机硅助剂和丙三醇调节草甘膦药液的表面张力和黏度,测定其对草甘膦药液液滴的物理性状及生物活性的影响。结果表明：降低药液的表面张力,雾滴的铺展直径增加,干燥时间缩短,药液的黏度以及在杂草叶片表面的最大稳定持留量没有显著性变化;草甘膦对杂草的防效表现为先升高后降低,对阔叶杂草最高目测防效和鲜重防效可提高42%和41%,对禾本科杂草防效可提高37%和37%。增加草甘膦的药液黏度,药液在杂草叶片上的最大稳定持留量增加,表面张力降低,对雾滴的干燥时间和铺展直径影响很小;草甘膦对阔叶杂草最高目测防效和鲜重防效可提高42%和41%,对禾本科杂草的防效可提高42%和42%。适当降低草甘膦药液的表面张力或增加其黏度均可提高其对杂草的防除效果。     

中国虱属分类研究 Ⅲ.分类与检索

本文是“中国虱属分类研究”系列论文的第３篇,主要介绍了目分亚目、粉亚目分组、纳组分科、虱科分属以及虱属分种团等５个目和虱属研究中常用的检索表。     

Problems of implementing compulsory integrated pest management

Compulsory integrated pest management poses a number of challenges and issues for debate. Some of are discussed with reference to European Union requirements set out in Annex III of Directive 128/2009. Requirements on the use of plant protection products bring with them problems with dose reduction in the light of a resistance prevention strategy, the lack of threshold levels, the necessity of chemical treatments and the limited availability of effective products of biological origin. Use of preventive measures of pest control faces barriers related to profitability and a lack of knowledge on the part of farmers. Challenges to control the system, as well as the fact that some legally enforced rules are not suitable for all crops, seem also to be an issue. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Spatial variation in non-target effects of the insecticides chlorpyrifos,cypermethrin and pirimicarb on Collembola in winter wheat

Contiguous winter wheat fields of similar cropping history and soil type were used in a study of the responses of Collembola to summer sprays of cypermethrin and pirimicarb in southern England. Chlorpyrifos was included in the study as a toxic standard. Epigeic arthropods were captured by suction sampling and crop-inhabiting species obtained by dissecting wheat ears. Eight genera of Collembola responded significantly to the insecticide treatments. Collembolan abundance decreased after chlorpyrifos was applied but increased after use of cypermethrin. Negative effects of cypermethrin and pirimicarb on Collembola were not detected in this study. Effects of chlorpyrifos varied spatially as a result of faunal heterogeneity among the fields, despite apparent homogeneity of the site. Some species known to be susceptible to chlorpyrifos were absent from one or more of the fields. The implications of these findings for the interpretation of non-target pesticide effects and the potential use of Collembola as bioindicators in field studies with pesticides are discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Selection for resistance, reversion towards susceptibility and synergism of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

BACKGROUND: Obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), is an economic pest of pome fruits throughout North America. Repeated applications of broad‐spectrum insecticides have resulted in the development of resistance, cross‐resistance and multiple resistance in this pest. Studies were conducted to determine the possibility of resistance evolution, stability of resistance and the effect of metabolic synergists on toxicity of new reduced‐risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in C. rosaceana. RESULTS: Larvae of C. rosaceana were selected for resistance to chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in the laboratory. Significant levels of resistance to each insecticide were observed after 12 generations of selection. In the absence of selection pressure, susceptibility of a subset of larvae from both chlorantraniliprole‐ and spinetoram‐selected populations reverted to preselection levels after five and six generations respectively, indicating that resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram was unstable in C. rosaceana. In synergist bioassays performed after 12 generations of selection, S,S,S‐tributylphosphoro trithioate (DEF) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergized the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram respectively, suggesting the involvement of esterases in chlorantraniliprole resistance and the involvement of mixed‐function oxidases in spinetoram resistance. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram could be incorporated into C. rosaceana resistance management programs by using rotational strategies. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Tobacco rattle virus serotypes and associated nematode vector species of Trichodoridae in the bulb-growing areas in the Netherlands

Soil samples from the coastal bulb-growing areas in the provinces of North- and South-Holland and the North-East Polder in the Netherlands were examined for trichodorid nematodes and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) serotypes. At least one of a total of eight species of Trichodoridae, of whichParatrichodorus pachydermus was most prevalent, was found in 93% of the samples from the provinces of North- and South-Holland and TRV, including four serotypes, was obtained from 49% of these samples. In the North-East Polder one of three species of trichodorids, of whichP. teres occurred most frequently, was present in 72% of the samples, and TRV of one serotype was obtained from 28% of these samples. The TRV isolates recovered from these samples reacted serologically with one of four antisera to strains of TRV. Virus transmitted byP. pachydermus reacted to the PRN-, byTrichodorus viruliferus to the RQ-, byP. teres to the N5- and byT. similis, to the TS-antiserum, respectively.     

Endophytic fungi and ergot alkaloids in native Turkish grasses

Mature inflorescences of 76 samples of ten genera of native grasses were collected in the Ankara province of Turkey. Microscopic examination of individual seeds revealed the presence of endophytic fungi in four seed samples, The endophytes were isolated in pure culture and identified. Seeds were also ground and subjected to ELISA and HPLC analyses to confirm the levels of ergot alkaloids typically produced by endophytic fungi of grasses.