DNA指纹技术在近交系小鼠遗传检测中的应用研究

采用生物素标记的(GGAT)4寡核苷酸探针对C57BL/6J、BALB/c和DBA/2三种近交系小鼠进行了DNA指纹图分析.结果表明:(GGAT)4寡核苷酸探针对上述3种近交系小鼠产生的DNA指纹图的图带数均为10-12条,具有良好的多态性,品系内平均DNA指纹图的相似系数在0.92~1.00的范围内,具有相同指纹图的概率均在0.40以上,极显著地高于品系间的相似系数(0.21~0.39)和相同指纹图的概率(P<3.10×10-7),说明(GGAT)4寡核苷酸探针可用于制作近交系小鼠的DNA指纹图,以对其进行遗传检测.     

Deficiency of a kidney metalloproteinase activity in inbred mouse strains

Kidneys from BALB/c mice contain a potent metalloendoproteinase, termed meprin, that is active against large proteins as well as small peptides. The enzyme is present in mouse strains C57BR/cdJ, C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, A/J, DBA/IJ, CD/l, Swiss, and ICR. Three related inbred strains, CBA/J, CBA/CaJ, and C3H/He, are markedly deficient in this enzymatic activity. This is the first report of a heritable deficiency of an intracellular proteinase in mammalian tissues. Meprin deficiency appears to have arisen as an early event in the development of the C stock. Furthermore, meprin is present in the progeny of a cross between a meprin-sufficient female (C57BL/6) and a meprin-deficient male (C3H/HeN), an indication that the trait for the deficiency is recessive.     

实验小鼠肠道寄生虫观察

本文对开放式设施内饲养的7个品系中351只实验小鼠的肠道寄生虫作了观察。共检出方种寄生虫;毛滴虫、鼠贾第虫、鼠六鞭虫、隐藏管状线虫、四翼无刺线虫和微小膜壳绦虫;其感染率为:毛滴虫100%、鼠贾第虫49.57%、鼠六鞭虫22.51%、隐藏管状线虫58.40%、四翼无刺线虫21.94%、微小膜壳绦虫21.37%。     

不同品系小鼠精子冷冻及冻融精子体外受精的研究

采用小鼠精子冷冻、冻融精子体外受精的方法,进行小鼠保种、引种、生物净化及品系标准化的可行性研究,并初步探究小鼠精子冷冻的影响因素。实验选用同一年龄5种不同品系小鼠分别进行精子冷冻、复苏,并比较各品系冷冻效果及冻融精子的体外受精(IVF)率。结果显示,冷冻后各品系小鼠精子复苏存活率约在15%～50%之间;冻融小鼠精子体外受精结果随遗传背景的不同差异显著,受精率分别为:KM小鼠68.4%、ICR小鼠30.3%、DBA/2J小鼠47.2%、C57BL/6J小鼠6.8%、BALB/cA小鼠25%。冻融精子IVF得到的胚胎可以耐受体外培养。     

H-2-linked resistance to mastocytoma in male mice: immune response to a histocompatibility antigen on the X chromosome

Male hybrids from a cross between female mice of strain C57BL/6Kh and males of strain DBA/2J lived longer after injection of P815 mastocytoma cells of DBA/2 origin than did their female siblings. Responses to the histocompatibility antigen on the X chromosome of the DBA/2 strain may be involved in resistance to the tumor. When the female parent was replaced with a C57BL/6Kh carrying one of several mutations in the H-2 region, this sex effect disappeared in some of the hybrid combinations. Thus, the H-2 complex appears to be involved in the regulation of the immune response to the X-linked histocompatibility antigen in this tumor model.     

Genetic variation in coumarin hydroxylase activity in the mouse (Mus musculus)

Basal and phenobarbital-induced rates of hepatic metabolism of coumarin to 7-hydroxycoumarin are markedly higher in DBA/2J mice than they are in the AKR/J, C57BL/6J, and C3H/HeJ strains. Intermediate coumarin hydroxylase activity in F(1) hybrids of mating between DBA/2J and the other three strains indicates an additive mode of inheritance.     

Rapid immunological induction of murine lymphomas: evidence for a viral etiology

A graft-versus-host reaction induced in (SJL/J x C57BL/1)F(1) hybrid mice by injection of SJL/J spleen cells resulted in 100 percent incidence of tumors at 40 days. Transplantation studies revealed that the tumors were antigenically C57BL/1. Since both SJL/J and C57BL/1 mice carry tumorigenic virus, the evidence suggests a viral etiology.     

小鼠肝炎病毒以不同途径感染4个品系小鼠的比较

用小鼠肝炎病毒A59株以滴鼻、灌胃、腹腔注射3种途径人工感染近交系小鼠(BALB／c小鼠、C57BL小鼠)、免疫缺陷小鼠(NIH—Ⅲ小鼠、BALB／c—nu／nu小鼠),接种病毒后3、5、7、14、21、28d分别取各鼠的肝脏,提取肝脏总RNA。用RT—PCR方法检测小鼠肝炎病毒的感染情况。结果显示：腹腔注射病毒的小鼠在肝脏中能最早检测出病毒,其次是灌胃,滴鼻则最晚;另外,近交系小鼠及免疫缺陷小鼠感染后3d在肝脏中检测出病毒,而转基因小鼠则在感染后7d在肝脏中检测出病毒。     

Repression of colony formation reversed by antiserum to mouse thymocytes

Marrow cells derived from C57BL/6 mice form many fewer splenic colonies in irradiated C57BL/6 x C3H F1 hybrid recipients than in irradiated C57BL/6 recipients (repression of colony formation). This effect is reversed by treatment of the hybrid recipients with active antiserum to mouse thymocytes. The repression phenomenon cannot readily be explained in immunological terms; hence the effect of the antilymphocyte serum on this phenomenon may not result from immunosuppression in the usual sense.     

Mosaic histocompatibility of skin grafts from female mice

The histoincompatibility determined by one or more genes on the X chromosome of the mouse effects a complete rejection of skin of the (C57BL/6 female symbol x BALB/c male symbol) F(1) hybrid male grafted onto the reciprocal type F(1) hybrid male, but only an incomplete rejection of either reciprocal type F(1) hybrid female skin, grafted onto the same type of male host. The resulting mosaic survival pattern of the female graft is interpreted as support for the Lyon hypothesis of X-chromosome inactivation.     

Density gradient separation of marrow precursor cells restricted for antibody specificity

Potentially immunocompetent cells of (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F(1) mouse bone marrow are committed to antigenic determinants of sheep or burro erythrocytes prior to interaction with thymus-derived cells and participation in immune responses to administered antigens. At this stage of differentiation marrow cells of this particular mouse strain are not yet restricted for the immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G antibody class. By equilibrium centrifugation in discontinuous gradients of bovine serum albumin, precursors of cells that produce antibody to sheep erythrocytes migrate to denser regions, whereas the precursors of immunocytes that produce antibody to burro erythrocytes remain in the lower density regions. cursors for all specificities.     

Genetic variation of cholesterol ester content in mouse adrenals

Total cholesterol concentrations in muscle, liver, and plasma do not differ significantly between adult male C57BL/10J and DBA/2J mice. In the adrenal glands of these two strains, of their hybrids, and of AC mice, concentrations of free cholesterol vary by 5 percent. Adrenals from C57 mice, however, contain six times as much esterified cholesterol as adrenals from AC or DBA mice. The intermediate concentrations of cholesterol esters in F(1) hybrids suggest that the difference in this measure is inherited additively. The finding of variation in adrenal cholesterol within a species is useful for the further study of the role of cholesterol in steroidogenesis by means of genetic analysis.     

微卫星标记在近交系及封闭群小鼠遗传质量检测中的初步应用

利用建立的小鼠微卫星检测方法,对来源于2个单位的近交系BALB/c小鼠和封闭群ICR小鼠进行了遗传分析,结果发现A单位BALB/c小鼠发生了遗传污染,有部分小鼠在部分微卫星位点发生了变异,而B单位BALB/c小鼠在所有的检测位点上的结果都与预期的BALB/c小鼠位点一致;对ICR 小鼠分析结果发现A单位ICR小鼠在22个位点的平均杂合度为0.379,平均多态信息量为0.308,属中度多态,B单位ICR小鼠的平均杂合度为0.287,平均多态信息量为0.227,属低度多态.结果表明微卫星标记可用于检测近交系小鼠的遗传质量,也可用于分析封闭群小鼠的遗传多态性,为一种有潜力的实验动物遗传学检测标记.     

Activation of spontaneous murine leukemia virus-related antigen by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus activates a phenotypic expression of murine leukemia viruis-related antigen. NZB and (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice, which normally carry large amounts of Gross virus, and C57BL/6 and NZW mice, which normally carry little virus, were infected with LCM virus. All had Gross soluble antigen in their plasmas at 3 months of age, while noninfected matched controls of all strains did not. This effect was seen after infection with LCM virus that was tissue passed or plaque purified. Similarly, cultures of mouse-embryo fibroblasts produced Gross soluble antigen when infected with LCM virus, but noninfected cultures failed to do so.     

Fetal hemoglobin variants in mice

Two strains of mice, DBA and C3H, have a fetal globin polypeptide chain which differs in electrophoretic mobility from the corresponding fetal chain of the C57B1 strain. Mice of the DBA and C3H strains also differ from those of the C57B1 in adult hemoglobin type. Results of backcrossing the (DBA x C57B1) hybrid to the C57B1 suggest that the fetal chain locus and the adult beta-chain locus are closely linked.     

Lymphomas in mice: failure of induction after a graft-versus-host reaction

A mild graft-versus-host reaction induced in (BALB/cJ x DBA/2J) F(1) mice by the administration of parental spleen cells that differ at several weak histocompatibility loci did not influence the development of lymphomas in these animals. Rous sarcoma virus also failed to induce tumors in the runt and control animals. Breast carcinomas, presumably due to contamination of the inoculums with mammary tumor virus, occurred in those experimental groups given parental cells, whether or not they were viable or immunologically competent. We found no evidence that the immunologic process-as represented by the graft-versus-host reaction-is causally related to the induction of neoplasia.     

中年C57BL/6和ICR小鼠感觉运动能力的改变

探讨中年C57BL/6和ICR小鼠感觉运动能力的改变及实验装置对结果的影响.结果表明在10 mm和14 mm直径钢质平衡杆上,中年C57BL/6小鼠的平衡时间缩短,且雌鼠和雄鼠在10 mm直径钢杆上均可显示年龄效应.中年C57BL/6小鼠在紧绳实验中的悬挂时间和转换分也减少,但仅转换分在雄鼠显示年龄效应;中年ICR鼠在6 mm和14 mm直径钢杆上的平衡时间延长,且雌鼠和雄鼠在2种钢杆上均可显示年龄效应,但紧绳任务的悬挂时间和转换分均无年龄和性别差异.这些结果提示中年小鼠有感觉运动能力改变,但改变模式因任务和品系而异,平衡木的大小和形状影响年龄效应检测的有效性.     

Male-specific antigen: modification of potency by the H-2 locus in mice

Skin grafts from C57BL/10 (B10) male mice survive significantly longer than do B10.BR male skin grafts on (B10 x X B10.BR)F(1) females. This indicates that the H-2 locus influences the potency of the male-specific antigen in mice.     

DDK品系小鼠遗传特异性的RAPD分析

应用随机扩增多态DNA技术(RAPD)对DDK,C57BL/6,BALB/c,KM,PWK 5个品系的小鼠进行了遗传分析.选用130个随机引物对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增.根据电泳结果,其中31个引物扩增出明显的多态性条带,共检测到345条扩增片段,其中多态性片段277条,占80.3%,反映了5个品系间的遗传变异.多态性统计分析表明,C57BL/6与BALB/c之间的遗传距离指教为0.013 29,遗传关系最近;DDK与KM,C57BL/6遗传距离指数相似分别为0.014 73,0.0147 6,遗传关系较近,与PWK遗传距离指数为0.016 86,遗传关系最远.结果显示DDK品系小鼠与其他实验室品系之间有遗传的相似性,也存在差异.同时也证明了RAPD技术可以作为分子标记,很好地检测实验室近交系小鼠间的亲缘关系及其遗传特异性.