携带新城疫病毒F基因DNA疫苗的减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的构建及其免疫原性

根据GenBank中发表的新城疫病毒(NDV)融合蛋白(F)基因序列,设计1对引物,通过RT-PCR扩增出鹅源NDV分离株JS5F基因(约1700bp),测序确认后,将其克隆入真核表达载体pVAX1,获得重组真核表达质粒pVAX1-F。pVAX1-F经脂质体转染COS-7细胞,间接免疫荧光试验检测出F基因在COS-7细胞中的表达产物。将pVAX1-F转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207,构建成功携带DNA疫苗的重组沙门氏菌SL7207(pVAX1-F)。重组菌以109CFU/只的剂量2次免疫BALB/c小鼠,免疫小鼠可以检测到特异性针对NDVF蛋白的血清抗体和小肠粘膜抗体应答,SL7207(pVAX1-F)免疫组抗体水平显著高于SL7207(pVAX1)组(P<0.05)。将SL7207(pVAX1-F)以109CFU/只剂量口服免疫1日龄雏鸡,免疫保护试验结果显示,SL7207(pVAX1-F)免疫组对鸡具有良好的保护率(77.27%),与空白对照组和SL7207(pVAX1)空载体组之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结果表明,该运送DNA疫苗的减毒沙门氏菌系统在体内能成功释放所携带的质粒,并能刺激机体产生免疫应答,可对NDV强毒攻击提供良好的免疫保护作用,提示该疫苗候选株对新城疫的控制有重要应用前景。     

细菌重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗研究进展

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 ( St)是一种肠道致病菌 ,通过基因突变可构建许多鼠伤寒沙门氏菌减毒株 ,例如 :X40 72、X42 17、X45 5 0、X4989、X4990、 X40 64、 SL 3 2 61、 GID10 1、 GID10 5、GID10 6和 BRD5 0 9等 ,它们均是两个或多个基因的精确突变 ,其基因型和表型均很稳定 ,可用作构建细菌性疫苗的表达载体。国内外学者相继研制了肺炎链球菌、结核杆菌、百日咳杆菌、产单核细胞李斯特菌、鼠疫耶尔森菌、土拉弗郎西斯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、淋病奈瑟菌、牛布氏杆菌、破伤风梭菌、炭疽芽孢杆菌、沙眼衣原体和猪肺炎支原体等细菌的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌疫苗。文章着重讨论了这些疫苗的构建及其免疫机制等方面的研究进展 ,从而为新型菌苗的研制提供一种新的思路     

减毒沙门氏菌为载体的草鱼口服生长抑素DNA疫苗的构建及其稳定性

将生长抑素(SS)和乙肝表面抗原基因(HBsAg)融合后，插入真核表达载体pcDNA3，构建成pcDNA3-SS，再转化减毒沙门氏菌(S．typhimurium,dam^-和phop^-)，构建了以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的生长抑素口服DNA疫苗ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS，并通过体外传代、灌服草鱼检验了ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS的侵袭力及体外和侵入草鱼体内过程中的德定性。对草鱼肝脏和脾脏分离菌的生化特性检验和特异性PCR鉴定表明，ZJ111／pcDNA3-SS能很好地侵入草鱼体内；对在Amp^ 、Amp^-平板上传5、10代和灌服7d后草鱼肝、脾脏分离的减毒菌抽提重组质粒进行PCR和酶切鉴定表明．减毒菌中的重组质粒在体外和侵入草鱼体内过程中具有较好的稳定性。     

国产IBV疫苗株核衣壳蛋白基因的亲缘关系

利用自行设计的引物Cx和Cs，通过RT－PCR方法分别扩增出鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）D41株，H120GD株、H120SH株、H52GD株等4个国产疫苗株和标准强毒M41－E4株完整的N基因cDNA,然后将其分别克隆到pGEM T-Easy或pMD 18-T载体中并测序。测序结果表明，这5个IBV毒株可分2组，其中D41株，H120GD株和H120SH株为一组，它们的核苷酸和推导氨基酸序列同源性为99．7％－99．8％和99．0％－99．5％，而H52GD株与M41－E4株构成另一组，其核苷酸和推导氨基酸序列同源性为99．7％和99．5％；而2组之间的最大同源性仅为91．0％和93．2％。在系统发生进化树上，这2组分别位于不同的分支簇上。值得注意的是，国内的H52GD株与国外报道的H52株不在同一分支簇上，相反却与国内强毒M41－E4株以及国外报道的M41株在同一分支簇上。这一结果表明，国内的H52GD疫苗株与国外报道的H52疫苗株不同，它们在亲缘关系上更靠近M41－E4株和M41株。     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因重组腺病毒的构建

为构建表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)主要免疫原S1蛋白的重组腺病毒,本研究以复制缺陷型人5型腺病毒为载体,以IBVCK/CH/LHLJ/04V株S1基因为外源插入靶基因,通过细菌内同源重组法构建了一株稳定表达IBVS1蛋白(90ku)的重组腺病毒,命名为rAdV-S1。通过PCR鉴定、间接免疫荧光及western blot检测证实S1蛋白在重组腺病毒中获得表达。对构建的重组腺病毒和亲本腺病毒的生长动力学分析表明,该重组病毒的毒价为108.25TCID50/mL,并且两者在生长动力学方面无显著差异。本研究为动物试验和该重组腺病毒免疫特性的研究奠定基础。     

鸡传染性支气管炎和禽衣原体病的多表位DNA疫苗构建及其免疫原性研究

试验旨在设计和构建基于鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）S1蛋白和鹦鹉热衣原体（Cps）主要外膜蛋白（MOMP）的抗原多表位DNA疫苗,并分析其免疫原性。研究利用免疫信息学方法筛选出IBV S1蛋白和Cps MOMP蛋白的优势抗原表位,设计多表位基因M,并利用多种生物信息学软件对其进行预测分析;将M基因、S1和MOMP串联基因分别连接至真核表达载体pEGFP-N1并转染至DF-1细胞,利用Western blot检测目标蛋白的表达情况。将上述重组质粒肌内注射7日龄雏鸡,四免后检测免疫鸡血清中特异性抗体IgG、细胞因子及T淋巴细胞含量。结果显示：构建的表位蛋白结构稳定、免疫原性较好且无副作用;重组质粒pEGFP-M和pEGFP-S1-MOMP与预期大小相符;与pEGFP-N1组和PBS组相比,四免后,pEGFP-M免疫组鸡血清中抗IBV IgG和抗Cps IgG抗体水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,与pEGFP-S1-MOMP组相当;pEGFP-M组鸡血清中细胞因子γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平,T淋巴细胞抗原CD3+、CD4+和CD8+含量均极显著高于pEGF...     

国产IBV疫苗株膜蛋白基因的亲缘关系研究

利用自行设计的引物Wx和Ws，通过RT－PCR方法分别扩增出IBVD41株、H120GD株、H120SH株、H520GD株4个国产疫苗株和标准强素M41－E4株完整的M基因cDNA，然后将其分别克隆到pGMET－Easy或pMD18－T载体中。测序结果发现：这5个IBV毒株的M基因均为678bp，分别编码由225个氨基酸残基组成的多肽。序列分析表明：D41株、H120GD株和H120SH株M基因之间的核苷酸序列及推导氨基酸序列同源性均为100％，它们在系统发生进化树中处同一分支；而H52GD株和国内的M41－E4株和国外的M41株M基因之间的核苷酸及推导氨基酸序列同源性分别为99．9％和99．6％，它们之间的亲缘关系最近，在系统发生进化树上处另一个分支。     

减毒沙门氏菌为载体传递DNA疫苗诱导对新城疫病毒的免疫保护

探讨了以减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏茵为栽体传递新城疫病毒DNA疫苗的安全性、免疫原性和可行性。将含新城疫病毒(NDV)F48E9株融合蛋白(F)基因的真核表达质粒pcDNA3-F的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ZJ111株(ZJ111／pcD-NA3一F菌株)，以10^8CFU进行首免，2周后二免，三免后4周攻击强毒株F48E9，观察其安全性和免疫原性，同时设只含空载体pcDNA3的ZJ111／pcDNA3菌株对照及口服PBS对照。结果表明：重组ZJ111／pcDNA3-F菌株具有良好的安全性。对强毒株攻击的保护率达64．7％。重组ZJ111／pcDNA3-F菌株不仅能诱导雏鸡产生NDVELISA抗体，而且诱导产生的法氏囊B淋巴细胞和胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应显著高于ZJ111／pcDNA3时照组。这些结果提示，减毒沙门氏菌为载体不仅可直接将NDVF基因呈递给鸡体细胞进行表达，产生抗NDV的体液免疫，而且还可诱导细胞免疫应答。     

减毒猪霍乱沙门氏菌作为疫苗及载体的研究进展

猪霍乱沙门氏菌是引起仔猪副伤寒的主要病原之一,同时也是食物中毒的重要病原,因此在养殖业和公共卫生上均有重要意义。本文就其疫苗及疫苗作为载体的研究进展作一综述。     

肾型禽传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）Z株S1基因的结构与变异

利用1对pUC质粒通过测序引物和3条合成引物，通过步黎法完成了肾型IBV Z株S1基因全部序列测定。所测序列已被GENBANK收录，收入号为AF140352，该片段全长1747bp，含有1个无终止子的阅读框架，编码558个氨基酸，与IBV－Beaudette株S1基因序列比较，同源性为77％，并出现部分碱基的缺失与重组，无BamH Ⅰ，EcoRⅠ酶切位点，PstⅠ位点也未出现，氨基酸同源性为74％。     

携带猪乙型脑炎DNA疫苗减毒沙门菌的构建及其免疫原性

将乙型脑炎病毒E蛋白主要抗原片段基因串联,构建真核表达载体pCI-EAB.将重组质粒pCI-EAB转染Vero细胞,表达产物通过RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光试验可检测出目的基因的转录与表达.质粒pCI-EAB电转化入减毒猪霍乱沙门菌,观察重组菌的安全性、体内外的稳定性与免疫原性.动物试验表明,重组菌是相对安全和稳定的;重组菌S.C500/pCI-EAB体外培养时,D600值在0.8左右质粒是比较稳定的;以1×108CFU剂量的重组菌S.C500/pCI-EAB口服免疫小鼠,在二免后1周和三免后1周,重组菌抗体水平与S.C500/pCI-neo空载体组差异显著(P＜0.01);脾脏淋巴细胞增殖情况显示,重组菌对ConA有显著的反应性,且与对照组差异明显,同时CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T细胞的数量也显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).上述结果初步表明,以减毒沙门菌为载体的猪乙型脑炎DNA疫苗具有良好的安全性、稳定性和免疫原性,为猪乙型脑炎口服活菌疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

Immunogenic analysis of two DNA vaccines of avian reovirus mediated by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium in chickens

Avian reovirus (ARV) is an important pathogen in poultry industry and causes great economic losses. As attenuated Salmonella typhimurium is already being used as an effective vehicle for the transfer of DNA vaccines, so in this study we evaluated two DNA vaccines mediated by S. typhimurium on their ability of eliciting antibody production. SPF chickens were respectively immunized with SL7207 (pVAX-σB), SL7207 (pVAX-σC) and SL7027 (pVAX-σB-σC) three times. The results showed that the antibody production was highly dependent on the immunizing times, detectable antibodies of serum antibody IgG and small intestinal mucosal antibody IgA were generated at week 4 and were further improved at week 6 and antibody titers in group SL7207 (pVAX-σC) were higher than that in group SL7207 (pVAX-σB), demonstrating that SL7207 (pVAX-σC) was more powerful than SL7207 (pVAX-σB) in antibody production. The higher antibody titer in SL7027 (pVAX-σB-σC) than that in SL7207 (pVAX-σC) group showed that co-expressing σB and σC could improve antibody production. IFN-γ detection showed that significant higher IFN-γ was generated both in groups SL7027 (pVAX-σB-σC) and SL7207 (pVAX-σC). Subsequent challenge showed that SL7207 (pVAX-σB), SL7207 (pVAX-σC) and SL7027 (pVAX-σB-σC) conferred 50%, 75% and 87.5% respectively.     

Evaluation of the immunogenicity of attenuated feline calicivirus vaccines by ELISA.

An ELISA test was developed to measure the levels of IgG antibody in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats immunised with two doses of an attenuated feline calicivirus (FCV) vaccine. All eight vaccinates were protected from virus challenge, but four out of five non-vaccinates were not. There was a significant difference in respect of protection from virus challenge between SPF cats with and without three-fold or greater increase in antibody units (P = 0.01). Each serum absorbance was standardised against the reference positive which has an arbitrary value of 100 antibody units. In SPF cats, the 99% confidence level for seropositivity to FCV was determined as greater than or equal to 2.5 antibody units. The results suggest that the sensitive ELISA test can be used to monitor the antibody status of SPF cat colonies prior to FCV vaccine trials, and to measure the immunogenicity of attenuated FCV vaccines. Thus, the ELISA test may replace the need for virus challenge, with consequent reduction in animals used in future FCV vaccine trials.     

表达IBDV VP2蛋白重组减毒沙门菌活载体疫苗株的构建及免疫原性分析

通过PCR克隆出IBDV VP2基因,将其插入到表达载体pYA3341中,构建重组质粒pYA3341-VP2。将重组质粒电转入鼠伤寒沙门菌疫苗株X4550（缺失Asd、Cya、Crp基因）,获得重组疫苗菌株X4550（pYA3341-VP2）。进行重组菌VP2蛋白表达的鉴定;测定重组菌的稳定性、生长曲线、安全性以及小鼠免疫试验。结果表明,酶切鉴定证实重组质粒构建成功;SDS-PAGE和Western blot证实重组菌表达的VP2蛋白能与鸡抗IBDV阳性血清特异性结合;重组菌株在体外营养选择压力下,可稳定地携带重组质粒传代繁殖,在体内可稳定地定居于肠系膜淋巴结和脾脏;小鼠口服试验证实重组菌无毒性作用;口服重组菌免疫小鼠,ELISA检测产生了抗IBDV抗体;中和试验表明产生的抗体具有中和活性。本试验成功构建了能稳定表达IBDV VP2蛋白的口服减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌疫苗株X4550（pYA3341-VP2）,为研究IBD口服基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

Immunization of mice and calves against Salmonella dublin with attenuated live and inactivated vaccines.

Previous findings, viz. that mice can be successfully immunized against infection with Salmonella dublin with either live or inactivated vaccine, were confirmed. Immunity lasted for at least 12 weeks in mice which had been immunized with inactivated alum-precipitated vaccine. The immunogenicity of inactivated vaccine gradually decreased on storage at 4 degrees C, but this was only detectable if a single injection was used for immunization: 2 injections virtually eliminated this phenomenon. The immunogenicity of live vaccine in mice was not enhanced by levamizole or the simultaneous injection of inactivated organisms. Both live and inactivated vaccines provided immunity in calves. A single injection of lyophilized vaccine, prepared from live rough Salmonella dublin strain (HB 1/17),protected 3 out of 6 calves, while 2 injections of a formalin-inactivated, alum-precipated vaccine, containing 1% packed cells of S. dublin strain 2652 V, protected 5 out of 6 calves against intraduodenal challenge with 2 x 10(9), S. dublin strain 2652 V. Two calves which had been immunized with an inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine were also solidly immune to this challenge. Serum antibody response in calves was poor when measured by the tube agglutination and the haemagglutination tests. Similarly, the sera had only marginal protective values when tested by means of a passive protection test in mice. Antibody titres alone are not a valid measure therefore, for the immune status of immunized animals.     

携带兔斯氏艾美耳球虫MIC-5基因减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌活疫苗的安全性、稳定性与免疫原性

对携带兔斯氏艾美耳球虫微线蛋白-5基因(MIC-5)真核表达质粒asd-pBMIC-5-IL-15的减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌X4550(X4550/asd-pBMIC-5-IL-15)进行了安全性、稳定性与免疫原性试验.结果显示,重组菌在109CFU剂量以下对家兔安全;连续培养30代重组菌,重组表达质粒可稳定存在于X4550内,具有良好的遗传稳定性;用重组菌2次免疫动物后,既能诱导机体产生抗兔斯氏艾美耳球虫抗体,也能显著增强淋巴细胞增殖水平,抗球虫指数为164.4.试验表明,减毒沙门菌介导的兔球虫调节型DNA疫苗具有良好的安全性、稳定性和免疫原性.