仿生木材结构穿孔纤维板吸声性能

以中密度纤维板为基材,通过设计穿孔结构及打孔方式,达到拓宽木质穿孔板吸声频带和提高声学性能的目的。利用分层加工工艺制备了带侧孔结构的穿孔纤维板,采用阻抗管传递函数法对穿孔纤维板吸声性能进行了测试。通过正交试验方法,研究了主孔直径、穿孔率、倾斜角度对穿孔纤维板吸声性能的影响,并获得了较优的制备工艺,随后利用控制变量法研究了侧孔深度对穿孔纤维板吸声性能的影响。试验结果表明:影响穿孔纤维板吸声系数峰值的因素主次顺序为倾斜角度>主孔直径>穿孔率;穿孔纤维板获得良好吸声系数峰值的优选工艺参数为主孔直径3 mm、穿孔率3.14%、倾斜角度30°;增加侧孔结构后,穿孔纤维板在中低频、中高频均表现出良好的吸声特性;侧孔深度对穿孔纤维板中高频共振频率和吸声性能影响较大,当侧孔深度为4 mm时,仿生木材结构穿孔纤维板在中高频段共振频率为3632 Hz,吸声系数峰值可达0.67。本研究为穿孔吸声板的结构设计提供参考,解决了复杂孔型加工的技术难题,对多频段吸声木质穿孔板的工业化应用具有重要意义。     

草本植物纤维制造中高密度纤维板的研究现状

我国木材原料紧缺已经严重影响到了中纤板的生产，寻找木材的替代原料是纤维板产业发展的必然趋势。草本植物纤维对木材纤维的比较优势在于其可再生性，但也存在部分固有缺陷如比较弱的纤维强度和细胞壁的硅质化。大量研究表明，研发生物质基木材胶粘剂和采用非传统的粘合技术，将成为最终解决草本植物纤维板制造工艺技术难题的突破口。     

Review on Closing Steam-injection Pressing Technology

The general steam-injection pressing is mainly used for produce particleboards and medium density fiberboard. However, it is difficult to produce soft fiberboard with desired strength. However, the closing steam-injection pressing that based on the steam-injection pressing could. The wooden frame sealing up the slab could prevent the steam from emitting when the steam injected into the slab. The caloric released by steam condensation make the slab reach high temperature level for a short period. This method is very appropriate for making thick panels in theory, especially for the soft fiberboard. It makes a great leap forward on the hot pressing process that for wood-based panels. Moreover, it will be a meaningful technological breakthrough in developing new products and improving wood utilization.     

蛋白质木材胶黏剂

现代木材工业界用来制造刨花板、纤维板、胶合板及定向刨花板等的胶合剂都依赖石化原料。石化原料未来因为供应有限,价格必定高涨,并且法令对木质复合材料排放有毒气体的限制越来越严格,木材工业界不得不积极评估使用可再生的生物原料来合成环境友善的木材胶黏剂。笔者先讨论了蛋白质胶黏剂的历史背景及沿革,进而讨论蛋白质的化学特性以期了解其化学交联的可能性,最后再详述近年来蛋白胶改性的研究及成果。     

Microscopic observation of wood-based composites exposed to fungal deterioration

This study was conducted to investigate the susceptibility of various wood composite panels exposed to wood-deteriorating fungi. Five wood-attacking fungi (three mold fungi, one brown rot fungus, one white rot fungus) were inoculated into four types of commercial wood composite panels (plywood, oriented strand board, particleboard, and medium-density fiberboard). One solid wood sample was included as a control. The attacking patterns of the fungi in each panel was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The weight losses due to the exposure were compared. All wood composites were more or less susceptible to all fungi inoculated. The attacking mode of the fungi was highly dependent on the types of wood composite, which had inherently different shapes of voids owing to different shapes and characteristics of the raw furnish materials used. Plywood and medium-density fiberboard showed a large weight loss after an 8-week exposure to decay fungi. Plywood is the most susceptible to white and brown rot fungi. This study indicates that all wood composite panels should undergo careful consideration to prevent fungal deterioration when they are used for exterior and humid interior applications.     

板式家具产品的生命周期评价

以中密度纤维板家具为研究对象,用生命周期评价的方法,对板式家具生产过程对环境的影响进行了评估。结果表明：加工每m3的中密度纤维板,资源消耗量最大的为木材（1．95t）,全球性环境影响主要表现在全球变暖（影响负荷313．35PE）,区域性影响主要来源于酸化（影响负荷43．34PE）,局地性影响主要由固体废弃物导致（影响负荷953mPE）。     

木材的塑化技术及应用

木材塑化改性,可使木材转化为热塑性材料,并使木材性能得到改善。改性产物可以代替部分石油制品或用于人造板生产,有利于木材加工剩余物的充分利用,扩大木材的加工利用途径。本文总结木材主要塑化方法,如酯化、醚化的研究及应用现状,塑化产物的性能及用途,指出现存的主要问题,探讨今后木材塑化的发展方向。     

我国人造板及二次加工技术装备调研报告

本文简述了我国人造板和二次加工工业装备的技术水平，包括胶合板，刨花板，中密度纤维板，硬质纤维板，竹材人造板，非木材人造板及二次加工的装备，讨论了我国人造板工业的合理规模问题。     

废弃纺织物/木刨花复合板制备工艺

采用常规热压法对废弃纺织物和木刨花制备复合人造板相关工艺进行了试验,并讨论了各因素对板性能的影响。结果表明:利用废弃纺织物和木刨花制备人造板在工艺上是可行的。制造复合板的较优参数:纺织纤维形态为碎布条或絮状纤维、刨花/碎布条配比为7∶3、施胶量为12%、密度0.7 g/cm3,最优配比制备的板材其物理力学性能都已达到GB/T4897.2-2003要求。     

小兴安岭低质林改造后小径木和采伐剩余物综合利用探讨

通过对小兴安岭低质林改造过程中产生的中小径木和采伐剩余物研究,分析中小径木和采伐剩余物的产生量,提出其利用途径和价值。结果表明：改造采伐时产生的大径木、中径木、小径木、短小材和薪材的出材量分别为1.13m^3/hm^2、32.15m^3/hm^2、38.30m^3/hm^2、4.79m^3/hm^2和12.68 m^3/hm^2,中小径木和薪材的出材量较高;改造地每公顷中小径木直接出售可获得6.5万元的收入。采伐剩余物总量为16.92 m^3/hm^2。小径木除了直接销售外,还可加工成拼版材、压缩木、重组木和单板层积材等。采伐剩余物可加工成木片,再根据不同的工艺加工成刨花板、纤维板、木丝板及纸张等用途。中小径木和采伐剩余物的综合利用可有效利用林区资源,提高林区经济效益。     

A decision making model for investment and development of construction panels

A study was conducted to select the best alternative for the development of construction panels as well as investment in its manufacturing in Iran.Three alternatives are considered,cement-bonded wood composite product,substituted products(such as concrete panel) sandwich panel and a mixture of them.We apply the analytic network process(ANP) to achieve this goal.A hierarchy is designed to prioritize benefits,opportunities,costs and risks(BOCR) by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) ratings approach.To evaluate the "control criteria" of the system,a control hierarchy is also created and prioritized by applying the Analytic Network Process(ANP).A total of four major control criteria in the system are prioritized where each one controls a decision network evaluated using ANP.The final synthesis of the system shows cement-bonded wood composite product is the best choice among three potential alternatives for the investment and development.     

Weathering durability of CCB-impregnated wood for clear varnish coatings

Outdoor performances of a polyurethane varnish and an alkyd-based synthetic varnish coated over chromium-copper-boron (CCB)-impregnated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) [10 (R) × 100 (T) × 150 (L) mm] were investigated. These varnishes were also applied to the wood surface as sole coatings or impregnated into wood as water-repellent (WR) solutions. Outdoor exposure was performed in the Black Sea region of northern Turkey (41°N, 39.43°E) where humid weather predominates throughout the year and accelerates decomposition of coated wood surfaces. The wood panels were exposed at 45° south on their tangential surfaces. After 9 months of exposure to summer, autumn, and the following winter season, the color and glossiness changes of the exposed surface, adhesion of the coating layer to the wood surface, water absorption through the coating layers, mass loss, and the hardness of the board surface were studied. CCB impregnation greatly stabilized the surface color of varnish-coated panels of both wood species. Gradual decreases of adhesion between varnished layers and preimpregnated surfaces were attributed to probable weakening of interactions at the interface of the treated wood and the film layer. A superficial cleaning process of treated wood is suggested to improve glossiness and adhesion. The coated wood surface became harder with time on outdoor exposure until a maximum hardness occurred followed by softening, whereas the uncoated surface softened steadily. Polyurethane varnish yielded a harder surface than synthetic varnish. Mass losses of wood panels after 9 months of exposure were negligible for all treatments compared with the untreated controls, which were totally discolored and eroded on the surface. It is concluded that long-term exterior wood protection has been achieved by a successful combination of an appropriate preservative treatment followed by a compatible surface-coating process.     

干法无胶纤维板粘合机理的研究Ⅲ．木材主要化学成分的影响

分别用氢氧化钾和亚氯酸钠处理木材原料，以移去木材原料中的一部分半纤维素和木素。用这些特制浆料压制的无胶纤维板，无论是板的强度性能还是板的耐水性能都比未处理木材原料制造的无胶纤维板的性能有明显的下降。这一结果表明，木材原料中的半纤维素和木素都对纤维间自生胶粘因素的形成具有重要的影响     

木材真菌染色研究现状及发展趋势

木材真菌染色是由于真菌侵染而导致材色改变,包括菌纹线、白腐和染色。木材真菌染色可形成特殊肌理和色泽,改善木材的装饰特性,为木质产品的设计带来多样化的塑造空间。作为一种全新、天然的染色方式,真菌染色技术对于木材的美学价值和综合利用率都有较大提高。目前,分析木材真菌染色机理及染色工艺改进是开发真菌染色木材的关键。菌纹线是由于真菌的种间或种内的对抗形成,染色是由于真菌在细胞外部分泌色素或是伴随真菌自身在木材内部的生长形成。笔者从木材真菌染色机理、染色方法、染色条件、真菌染色木材性能等方面综述了木材真菌染色的研究进展。重点介绍了针对不同表现形式的不同染色方法,并对存在的问题进行了分析,提出了后续研究的方向为采用多种真菌的组合运用、环保色素溶剂的筛选、探寻更多的真菌色相用于色素提取方法染色、结合染料渗透机理改进染色工艺等。     

广东省藜蒴研究进展

文章综述了近年来藜蒴的研究概况,指出藜蒴是一种分布广、种源丰富的优良乡土树种,在广东分布尤广;藜蒴人工林生物量较大,林地的土壤保水性和通气性均比火力楠林地、荷木林地的好;藜蒴造林可用实生苗和扦插苗,马尾松、藜蒴混交林比马尾松纯林树种根系的吸收能力强。藜蒴主要病虫害种类达30多种,其中虫害25种,病害8种以上;藜蒴木材用途广,可应用于中纤板生产,通过不同的抽提处理来改变或控制其弦界面性质。     

木材光老化的研究进展

介绍了日光的分布、木材组分对日光的吸收情况以及木材光老化的机理,并从木材的化学成分、颜色以及微观结构变化等方面,分析了光波对木材性质的影响,为木材及木质材料在室外应用的耐老化性能研究提供参考。     

Moisture conditions in coated wood panels during 24 months natural weathering at five sites in Europe

Abstract

Wood moisture content of coated panels of Scots pine sapwood was recorded during 24 months natural weathering in Vienna by logging electric resistance and temperature near the surface. Eight coating systems with various film thicknesses were used, including three solvent borne alkyd stains, three water borne acrylic stains and two water borne acrylic paints. At five sites in Europe wood moisture content of panels coated with three solvent borne alkyd stains, a brown acrylic stain and a white opaque acrylic paint was recorded weekly by changes in panel mass. Fluctuations in wood moisture content were influenced by the film thickness, water permeability and colour of the coating systems used. Degradation phenomena led to decreasing moisture protection of less durable coating systems over time of exposure. The exposure site clearly affected wood moisture content in the panels.     

Climate change mitigation through increased wood use in the European construction sector—towards an integrated modelling framework

Using wood as a building material affects the carbon balance through several mechanisms. This paper describes a modelling approach that integrates a wood product substitution model, a global partial equilibrium model, a regional forest model and a stand-level model. Three different scenarios were compared with a business-as-usual scenario over a 23-year period (2008?C2030). Two scenarios assumed an additional one million apartment flats per year will be built of wood instead of non-wood materials by 2030. These scenarios had little effect on markets and forest management and reduced annual carbon emissions by 0.2?C0.5% of the total 1990 European GHG emissions. However, the scenarios are associated with high specific CO₂ emission reductions per unit of wood used. The third scenario, an extreme assumption that all European countries will consume 1-m³ sawn wood per capita by 2030, had large effects on carbon emission, volumes and trade flows. The price changes of this scenario, however, also affected forest management in ways that greatly deviated from the partial equilibrium model projections. Our results suggest that increased wood construction will have a minor impact on forest management and forest carbon stocks. To analyse larger perturbations on the demand side, a market equilibrium model seems crucial. However, for that analytical system to work properly, the market and forest regional models must be better synchronized than here, in particular regarding assumptions on timber supply behaviour. Also, bioenergy as a commodity in market and forest models needs to be considered to study new market developments; those modules are currently missing.     

Forest product trade,wood consumption,and forest conservation—the case of 61 countries

Trade barriers of forest products are often advocated in the name of protecting forest resources. Whether the promoting of trade of forest products will increase or decrease the global forest resources is still a matter of debate. We offer an assessment of how forest product trade helps shape observed forest change, by relating wood consumption change to trade of forest products based on cross-section data from 61 countries in 2010. The result shows that wood outputs have positive effects on wood consumption. Compared to domestic production, the result suggests that imports of forest products can help reduce wood consumption. This may indicate that trade liberalization can promote the allocation efficiency of timber resources across the global, which can improve the utilization efficiency and reduce the wood consumption in the world to protect the global forest resources. It is suggested that the high-efficient harvest and wood-processing technological transfer should be advocated in the international community to contribute to global forest conservation.     

双钩异翅长蠹生物学特性及用防腐剂TWP防治试验

双钩异翅长蠹是橡胶树锯材及其制品的严重害虫。在海南岛1年完成二至三代,约有16种阔叶材被害。用新的水溶性木材防腐剂TWP进行防治试验的结果:①TWP在木材中保持量1.0kg/m~3,初龄幼虫死亡率100％;②新鲜橡胶树锯材用2％TWP真空加压或振荡加压法处理,药剂保持量不少于3.7kg/m~3,可获得长久的保护效力;③TWP不含氯化酚化合物,对人畜和环境十分安全。