茄子株高性状鉴定与遗传分析

以长茄高代自交系125 和126 构建的茄子6 个不同世代的遗传群体〔P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、 B₁（125×F₁）、B₂（126×F₁）〕 为试材,利用主基因+ 多基因混合数量性状遗传模型对茄子的株高性状进行多世代遗传联合分析。结果表明：供试亲本株高 性状差异显著,分离世代株高性状数值均呈单峰的偏正态分布,属于数量性状遗传。多世代遗传联合分析结果显示茄子株高 性状的最适遗传模型为C-0 模型,不存在主基因遗传效应,表现为多基因控制的加性- 显性- 上位性遗传模式。采用二阶 遗传参数进一步分析株高的多基因遗传效应,结果显示,茄子分离世代F₂、B₂ 的多基因遗传率分别为49.24%、22.77%,茄 子株高以多基因遗传为主。     

青花菜花球‘荚叶’性状主基因+多基因遗传分析

 以青花菜86101 ×90196组合获得的DH群体和配制的6个联合世代( P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂和F₂ ) 群体为试材, 采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对花球‘荚叶’性状进行了遗传分析。DH群体分析结果表明, 花球荚叶性状的遗传受到2对连锁并具有加性-加性×加性-上位性作用主基因+多基因( E-220模型) 的控制; 经6个世代联合分析结果表明, 花球荚叶性状的遗传受到2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因( E模型) 的控制, DH群体的主基因遗传率为70.80% , B₁、B₂和F₂世代主基因遗传率分别为73.59%、57.70%和87.07%。上述结果表明: 青花菜花球荚叶性状的遗传受到2对主基因+多基因的控制, 主基因遗传率相对较高。     

茎瘤芥茎/叶性状的遗传体系分析

以茎/叶性状不同的３个茎瘤芥自交系为亲本配制了２个杂交组合,对其P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂ 群体茎/叶性状的遗传体系应用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分离分析方法进行了研究。结果表明：２个杂交组合的茎/叶性状遗传体系均由１对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因（D-0）构成;F₂ 世代的主基因遗传率为60.17%～68.74%,多基因遗传率为6.83%～10.23%;主基因以加性效应为主,且均有不同程度的负向显性效应。     

苦瓜单瓜种子数与种皮颜色的遗传分析

以苦瓜自交系29 和惠州大顶为亲本构建6 个世代（P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂、F₂）群体,分别对
苦瓜单瓜种子数和苦瓜种皮颜色进行遗传分析。结果表明,苦瓜单瓜种子数的遗传符合2 对等显性主基因+
加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型（E-6 模型）,由主基因和多基因共同控制,多基因显性效应较大,F₁ 表现
出超亲优势。苦瓜种皮颜色的黑色对棕黄色表现为1 对基因控制的显性遗传。     

西瓜强雌性状的遗传效应分析

 以强雌性西瓜品系BG1和普通花性型品系ZY10为材料配制杂交组合, 调查单株30节位内的 雌花比率, 利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析法, 对该组合的P₁、P₁、F1、F₂、BC₁P₁和BC₁P₂等6个世代群体的雌花率性状进行分析。结果表明: 西瓜强雌性状遗传受两对主基因的加性-显性-上位性模型控制(即B-1模型) , 主基因表现为隐性。第1和第2对主基因的加性效应值分别为33.46和5.17; 而显性效应值分别为- 20.56 和- 11.20。主基因遗传率在BC₁P₁和F₂世代中高达93.75%和94.32% , 在BC₁P₂世代中较低, 为60.91%。在该组合中不存在多基因的效应。     

甜瓜果实酸性性状的遗传分析

以果实口感无酸味的甜瓜材料60 和酸甜味的材料61 为亲本,构建P₁、P₂、F₁、BC₁、BC₂ 及F₂ 六世代群体,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型的六世代联合分析法,分析甜瓜果实柠檬酸含量、可滴定酸值（TA）和pH 值的遗传效应。结果表明：柠檬酸含量的遗传模型为1 对加性-显性主基因+加性-显
性-上位性多基因模型,F₂ 群体的主基因遗传率为31.06%,多基因遗传率为30.48%;TA 值的遗传模型为2 对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型,F₂ 群体的主基因遗传率为78.06%,多基因遗传率为0;pH 值的遗传模型为1 对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型,F₂ 群体的主基因
遗传率为84.07%,多基因遗传率为12.90%。     

茄子产量相关性状的遗传分析

摘要：为了探究茄子产量相关性状与基因间互作的遗传模型,为茄子高效育种提供理论依据,以绿圆茄 “茄27”自交系为母本,紫长茄“茄31”自交系为父本,配制成F1杂交组合,分别进行自交、回交,构建了 P1、P2、F1、F2、B1、B2 6个世代遗传群体,利用主基因、多基因混合分析法研究了茄子产量相关性状的遗传 模型。结果表明：茄子单株产量受1对主基因的加性-显性遗传,单株结果数受2对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基 因混合遗传,单株最大单果质量受2对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因遗传;单株产量和单株结果数以非加性 遗传为主,其中单株结果数以2对主基因加性效应遗传为主;单株最大果质量中B1和F2世代以主基因加性遗传 为主,其主基因遗传率分别为50.48%和54.33%,B2世代以多基因遗传为主,多基因遗传率为50.88%。综上可 知,茄子产量性状受到加性和显性遗传效应的影响。     

苦瓜植株卷须发生的初始节位及其分叉的遗传分析

以栽培苦瓜自交系佛沥112 和野生苦瓜自交系THMC170 为亲本,构建4 个世代（P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂）遗传群体,采 用主基因+ 多基因混合遗传模型对苦瓜植株卷须发生的初始节位进行遗传分析;以栽培苦瓜自交系佛沥734 和半野生苦瓜自 交系AVBG1602 为亲本,构建4 个世代（P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂）遗传群体,对苦瓜植株卷须的分叉性进行遗传分析。结果表明, 苦瓜植株卷须发生的初始节位遗传符合2 对等显性主基因+ 加性- 显性多基因遗传模型（E-6 模型）,其中主基因遗传率为 15.81%,多基因遗传率为7.83%。苦瓜植株卷须的分叉对不分叉受1 对显性基因控制,其中卷须分叉表现为显性,卷须不分 叉表现为隐性。研究结果为深入解析苦瓜植株卷须发生及发育的遗传机制奠定了基础。     

茄子果形遗传研究

 以果形差异显著的3个茄子高代自交系106（扁圆）、114（短筒）和111（长筒）为试验材料,用人工和计算机图像测定相结合获得果形指数和三角果形指数,通过P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂和F₂世代联合分析,研究茄子果形性状遗传规律。结果表明：组合Ⅰ（106 × 114）和组合Ⅱ（114 × 111）果形分离群体的果形指数以及组合Ⅰ分离群体的三角果形指数均呈单峰偏态分布,说明茄子果形属于数量性状,存在主基因效应;茄子果形性状符合D-2遗传模型,即符合一对加性主基因 + 加性—显性多基因模型;主基因遗传力以F₂代最高,多基因遗传力以B₂代最高。茄子果形性状遗传总体表现出多基因遗传特征,果形选择效率在F₂代中最高。     

黄瓜嫩果皮颜色的遗传研究

 以2 个嫩果皮颜色不同的黄瓜自交系为试验材料,通过目测分类、色彩色差仪测定果皮色L 值和C 值,并利用P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂ 和F₂ 等6 个世代联合分析方法,研究了黄瓜嫩果皮颜色的遗传规 律。结果表明：黄瓜嫩果皮颜色性状符合两对加性-显性-上位性主基因 + 加性-显性-上位性多基 因模型（E-0 模型）;L 值和C 值F2 代主基因遗传力分别为93.61%和80.86%,遗传力较高;多基因遗传 力和环境效应都较低,在育种时对黄瓜嫩果皮颜色的选择应在早期分离世代进行。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.