双峰驼诱导排卵机理的研究Ⅰ——双峰驼诱导排卵活性蛋白的放射性核素标记

为建立一种高效磺标双峰驼诱导排卵活性蛋白方法，从传统的氯胺－T开始，应用Iodogen方法，最终选择N－溴代硫珀酰亚胺（NBS）为氧化剂，取得了满意的结果。标记率随NBS的用量增加而提高，在55％－86％之间；比活度0.56-1.23MBq/μg；体外稳定期约70小时，上述研究结果表明，NBS法可以高效碘标记OIP，可用于大剂量^125I的示踪，为研究双峰驼的排卵机理铺平了道路。     

奥比沙星在兔体内的药物动力学研究

应用反相高效液相色谱法（RP—HPLC）研究奥比沙星在健康家兔体内的药物动力学规律。家兔以10mg/kg的单剂量肌肉注射奥比沙星,取给药后不同时间的血浆,用高效液相色谱仪测定血浆中奥比沙星的质量浓度,MCPKP药物动力学软件程序处理血浆药物浓度与时间数据。房室模型分析表明,免肌注给药的药时数据适合吸收二室开放模型：吸收和消除半衰期（T1／2Ka,T1/2β）分别为0．2669h和7．1546h;达峰时间（Tmax）为0．563h;峰浓度（Cmax）为4．8717μg／mL;药时曲线下面积（AUC）为18．4535mg／L·h。奥比沙星在家免体内的主要药动学特征为：吸收迅速,分布快,消除较缓慢,达峰时间短,峰浓度高,药时曲线下面积大。     

Study of enteral versus parenteral application of the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist Gonadorelin[6-D-Phe] (D-Phe6-LHRH) on LH secretion in Goettinger miniature pigs

With respect to the assessment of residue situation and as a part of preclinical trials to determine the biological activities of potential gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) residues in porcine organisms the GnRH agonist Gonadorelin[6-D-Phe] (D-Phe(6)-LHRH) was administered either enterally or intramuscularly (i.m.) to female Goettinger miniature pigs in order to evaluate the GnRH-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Gilts received an (i) enteral application of 10 mg D-Phe(6)-LHRH via a probang (enteral group, n=7), (ii) i.m. injection of 0.1 mg D-Phe(6)-LHRH (parenteral group, n=5), or (iii) saline injection (control group, n=4). The GnRH and saline applications were repeated every second day with up to seven repetitions. Blood samples were collected via previously fitted jugular catheters immediately before injections, over an 8 h period in 1 h intervals beginning 2 h after injections, and at 24, 26, 28 and 30 h after applications. Enteral application of D-Phe(6)-LHRH induced an LH surge in 23 of 30 treatments. All gilts in the parenteral group exhibited LH release after each D-Phe(6)-LHRH application (P<0.05), whereas no LH surges were observed after saline injection in the control group. A significant (P<0.05) LH rise to mean maximum LH concentrations of 3.25 +/- 0.43 and 3.05 +/- 0.26 ng/ml occurred in both the enteral and parenteral groups, but there was no difference in the time interval after GnRH (2.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.3 h) and the mean duration of LH peak (6.5 +/- 0.4 and 6.8 +/- 0.3 h) between the treatment groups. In conclusion, (i) enteral application of 10 mg D-Phe(6)-LHRH induced LH release in a physiological range from the pituitary of female minipigs, and (ii) neither an accumulative effect nor a cumulative LH response were found after repeated GnRH application. Furthermore, (iii) in regard to consumer protection and gonadotropin secretion, D-Phe(6)-LHRH residues can be excluded from having long-term effects.     

Orienting toxicologic studies in Wistar rats for the evaluation of knotgrass--(Polygonum convolvulus)--seed]

Black bindweed seed (Polygonum convolvulus) from the 1987 harvest was tested for possible toxicity in a 38-day range-finding test with Wistar rats which received feed rations on the basis of VDT-1 standard feedstuff and components of 5 or 20%. Histological liver findings as well as parameters recorded from laboratory diagnosis (plasma activities of ALAT, ASAT, and gamma GT as well as total protein and albumin levels in plasma) were indicative of incipient impairment of liver metabolism. More detailed and comprehensive chemico-analytical investigations are recommended, with due consideration of the unity between high-value primary components, on the one hand, and possibly toxic secondary constituent substances, on the other.     

Ocular lesions of 6-aminonicotinamide toxicosis in rabbits

6-Aminonicotinamide, an antimetabolite of nicotinamide, given by intraperitoneal injection produced diarrhea, ascending paresis/paralysis, death, and bilateral ocular alterations in both sexes of New Zealand white and Dutch belted rabbits. Ocular vascular lesions consisted of iridal congestion with iridal hemorrhage and associated acute iritis and aqueous flare in some rabbits. Cytoplasmic swelling, vacuolation, and loss of staining affinity that represented hydropic change were present in both layers of ciliary epithelium and the inner layer of iridal epithelium. Cells in the outer layer of the iridal processes and the ciliary ridge, were most severely affected. Vacuoles were also present in the retinal pigment epithelium and scattered throughout the outer plexiform layer of the retina with a few in the inner and outer nuclear layers. Ocular alterations were prevented by simultaneous administration of nicotinamide and their development appeared related to nicotinamide deficiency. No ocular alterations were caused by nicotinamide administration alone.     

Effect of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on the fertility of sows kept outdoors

A total of 1,231 mixed parity sows from five outdoor units in East Anglia were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Sows in the control group were given no treatment, those in group 1 were injected intramuscularly with 8 microg of the analogue of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), buserelin, within 24 hours after first service and those in group 2 received the same treatment on day 11 or 12 after first service. There was no significant effect of treatment on farrowing rate to first service (85.0 v 85.4 v 84.7 per cent, respectively) or on overall mean (se) total litter size (11.6 [0.2] v 11.9 [0.2] v 11.9 [0.21]), although litter size was significantly increased by both treatments on one unit (11.6 [0.3] v 12.4 [0.3] v 12.8 [0.3]; P<0.05). However, there was a significant increase overall in the numbers of pigs born alive in both treatment groups (10.9 [0.2] v 11.3 [0.1] v 11.4 [0.3]; P<0.05) to sows of parities 0 to 2 only (P<0.05). This increase in numbers born alive is difficult to reconcile with the lack of overall effect on total litter size.     

小柴胡汤及加味对家兔解热作用的比较

仲景所创诸方，历经两千年的临床应用．疗效确实．被历代医家奉为经典，其中小柴胡汤(XCHT)又是临床使用频率较高的方剂之一。文献记载，小柴胡汤诸多主治病证中，以发热为最。根据现代医学研究，发热可分为两大类，一种是细菌培养液和内毒索引起的感染性发热．另一种是非感染性发热：前者致热物质主要是各种微生物产生的代谢产物．灭活菌体的分解产物，它们多为复合多糖类致热物质．后者多为化学刺激性发热。     

Ultrastructural ocular lesions of 6-aminonicotinamide toxicosis in rabbits

6-Aminonicotinamide, given by intraperitoneal injection to male and female Dutch belted rabbits, produced swelling and vacuolation of ciliary and iridal epithelium plus vacuolation of the retinal pigment epithelial and outer plexiform layers of the retina. By transmission electron microscopy, inner and outer ciliary epithelial cells and inner iridal epithelial cells contained numerous coalescing, membrane-bound vacuoles of the cytocavitary network. These vacuoles were viewed as numerous interconnecting, intracytoplasmic cavities in scanning electron micrographs. Swelling of vacuolated epithelial cells and the presence of fibrin and proteinaceous fluid in the ciliary stroma resulted in thickening of the anterior ciliary processes with the formation of surface alterations detectable by scanning electron microscopy. In transmission electron micrographs the vacuoles in the retinal pigment epithelium were large, electron-lucent spaces and the vacuoles in the outer plexiform layer of the retina appeared to be intracytoplasmic spaces in axons of photoreceptor cells. Distention of cytocavitary structures has been reported in glial cells of animals given 6-aminonicotinamide and this change was apparently due to alterations in ion and water movement across cellular membranes that resulted in intracellular edema.     

The effect of the host's age on the pathology of Eimeria stiedai infection in rabbits

The pathology of experimental Eimeria stiedai infection in 2- and 4-month-old rabbits raised coccidia-free was studied. Over 50 days of infection, the serum activities of aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) were analyzed as indicators of hepatic lesions and total serum globulins with respect to the immune response of the host; parasite development was followed by oocyst output; weight gain, food intake and relative liver weight were analyzed to control the performance of infected animals. The age of the host strongly affected parasite development and consequently the biochemical and zootechnical parameters differed more markedly in the younger animals; however, the enzyme ALT showed an increase independent of parasite development, and infection did not affect GGTP activity. The increase in age was responsible for resistance of rabbits to hepatic coccidiosis and older animals were less affected than young ones.     

Metabolic changes concerning the effect of castration on some blood constituents in male rabbits

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of castration on some metabolic alterations concerning proteins, lipids and minerals metabolism in both immature and mature rabbits. Twenty male New Zealand White rabbits (10 immature and 10 mature) were used. Blood samples were collected from the immature and mature intact animals (control non castrated). Moreover, the castrated animal groups (immature and mature) were sampled at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after castration. The obtained results revealed that, castration caused a significant decrease in serum total protein, albumin, alpha 1-globulins and alpha 2-globulins concentrations. Meanwhile, gamma-globulins level was decreased temporarily at 2 weeks after castration in mature rabbits. beta-globulins level revealed non significant decrease at 2 weeks after castration in immature rabbits followed by a non significant increase. In mature rabbits beta-globulins level non significantly increased. A significant decrease in serum total nucleic acid concentrations was observed after castration throughout the experimental periods, whereas the value of serum uric acid level markedly increased after castration. Serum lipids concentrations (total lipids, total cholesterol, phospholipids and non esterified fatty acids) were increased after castration. The value of serum trace elements including copper, iron, zinc and manganese concentrations showed a significant decrease after castration. The decrease in serum copper and zinc levels were markedly observed in mature castrated rabbits. Also, serum sodium and potassium concentrations were decreased after castration. Testosterone propionate administration in mature castrated rabbits restored most of the investigated serum blood parameters to the levels of intact non castrated mature rabbit. It could be concluded that castration (deficiency of testosterone) induced marked decrease in protein synthesis and increased protein degradation, but serum lipids markedly elevated after castration in both immature and mature animals. Also, castration caused a marked decrease in some serum minerals and trace elements.     

添加不同比例苜蓿草粉对肉兔屠宰性能的影响

本试验设置添加25%苜蓿草粉为试1组,添加35%苜蓿草粉为试2组,不加苜蓿组为对照组,分别饲喂3个品种育肥肉兔,观察苜蓿草粉的饲喂效果。结果显示:添加苜蓿草粉后各品种肉兔的育肥增重明显提高,胴体屠宰性能也有所提高。     

The effect of Alkanna tinctoria Tausch on burn wound healing in rabbits

Eighteen adult male New Zealand White rabbits were used in the treatment of partial thickness, severe and olive oil burns. Both right and left sides of the animals were burned to make partial thickness, severe and hot olive oil burn wounds. The solution of A. tinctoria TAUSCH in 16% prepared in medical olive oil in weight basis, were applied to the left, and right side served as control. It was topically applied twice a day by gently rubbing against the burn area. While complete healing of partial thickness and olive oil burn wounds occurred in 7 to 10, and 26 days, respectively, with well formed dermal-epidermal junctions in both groups, severely burned wounds appeared to be nonresponsive to A. tinctoria.     

The lethal effect of closantel on the metacestodes of taenia pisiformis in rabbits

Closantel has been shown to have high anthelminitic activity against the larval stage of Taenia pisiformis at a dose rate of 40 mg/kg per os or 20 mg/kg by intra-muscular injection. The drug does not appear to have significant activity against the cysticercus stage in the peritoneal cavity.     

利维爱对切除卵巢兔动脉粥样硬化的保护作用及其对雌激素受体α表达的影响

在发达社会，心血管疾病是引起绝经后妇女发病和死亡的最主要的原因，远远超过了乳腺癌及其他类型癌症的发病率。最主要的心血管疾病如冠心病和脑中风等，是血管系统病变过程中即通常所说的动脉粥样硬化的临床表现。大量的临床和流行病学调查表明，围绝经期妇女冠心病和动脉粥样硬化的发病危险性增加，     

The effect of an extended artificial photoperiod and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone infusions in inducing fertile oestrus in anoestrous mares

The occurrence of fertile oestrus early in the breeding season is of paramount importance to the Thoroughbred industry to facilitate early conception. This paper compares 2 techniques for inducing fertile oestrus in anoestrous mares using either an extended photoperiod alone or together with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) infusions. Eleven mares were placed under conditions of 16 h light and 8 h darkness and 5 of these were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering approximately 100 ng GnRH/kg/h for 28 days (treated mares). The treated mares ovulated 27.7 days earlier than and conceived 32 days earlier than the 6 mares not given GnRH. GnRH-induced ovulations were followed by a competent luteal phase. The combination of GnRH pumps implanted 2 weeks before commencement of service together with extended photoperiod from July 1 has promise in assisting the stud breeder to improve reproductive efficiency on commercial stud farms.