犬特应性皮炎研究进展

正犬特应性皮炎(Canine atopic dermatitis,CAD)又称异位性皮炎,是一种区别于犬类过敏性皮炎(Canine atopic-like dermatitis,CALD)以皮炎和瘙痒为主要临床特征并具有遗传倾向的犬易患皮肤病。近年来,随着CAD发病机制研究的逐步深入,CAD的诊断和治疗方法也随之得到了发展。本文将针对近年来CAD上述方面的进展进行综述。     

犬特应性皮炎研究进展

犬特应性皮炎（Canine atopic dermatitis,CAD）又称异位性皮炎,是一种区别于犬类过敏性皮炎（Canine atopic-like dermatitis,CALD）以皮炎和瘙痒为主要临床特征并具有遗传倾向的犬易患皮肤病。近年来,随着CAD发病机制研究的逐步深入,CAD的诊断和治疗方法也随之得到了发展。本文将针对近年来CAD上述方面的进展进行综述。     

中西药治疗犬脂溢性皮炎

犬脂溢性皮炎是发生于皮脂溢出部位的一种慢性炎症性皮肤病。近年来,我们应用中西药治疗犬脂溢性皮炎13例,经2个疗程(1个疗程7天),其中干性型7例,治愈6例,明显好转1例,疗效确切。皮炎型4例,在3个疗程内治愈4例。油脂型2例,在3个疗程内治愈1例,明显好转1例。1发病原因本病是在皮脂溢出过多的基础上,继发真菌(卵圆形糠秕孢子菌)和细菌(丙酸杆菌)而感染,加之表面游离脂肪酸增加,刺激皮肤而引起。皮脂溢出过多,一般与遗传因素、精神障碍、内分泌失调(特别是雄性激素分泌增加)及代谢异常有关。化学刺激、汗液刺激、给犬洗澡过勤、碱性物质及刷洗…     

犬青光眼的研究进展

犬青光眼是犬眼科疾病中很严重的疾病,影响宠物的生活质量,给宠物和畜主带来极大的痛苦.文章对犬青光眼的发生、分类、临床症状、诊断及治疗等进行综述,为犬青光眼的进一步防治提供参考.     

犬肠套叠的手术治疗

肠套叠是指一段肠管伴同肠系膜套入邻接的肠管内，导致肠腔闭塞，并引起消化机能障碍的疾病。临床上治疗肠套叠病犬15例，其中3例死亡。它们大多数是由于细小病毒性肠炎、血痢、呕吐引起的。现将1例幼犬的肠套叠的治疗过程介绍如下。     

犬泌乳期惊厥的诊断与治疗

<正>犬泌乳期惊厥,又称为产后子痫、产后肢搦症,也叫低血钙性痉挛,是母犬分娩后发生的严重营养代谢性疾病,呈急性发作。其特征是神经异常兴奋,全身肌肉发生强直性痉挛。本病常发生于分娩后10d左右的小型犬、兴奋型犬,并且病犬的产仔数较多。笔者近几年在临床上接诊并治愈多例泌乳期惊厥病犬,在此结合最近接诊的2个典型病例,就本病的诊断与治疗方法报道如下。     

犬的肠炎治疗

犬以幼龄犬易得肠炎，特别是3-4个月左右的幼犬．幼犬有贪食的习性，对喜欢吃的食物容易采食过量，从而造成消化不良。幼犬容易得肠炎也有其生理上的原因，幼犬从吃乳到吃食物的这一过渡时期消化能力差，抗病力低，所以在饲养幼犬时，不能喂得过饱和饲喂难消化的食物．如骨头、肉皮、鱼刺。     

犬球虫病的诊治

笔者近期收治1例以腹泻、便血、消瘦为特点的病犬，通过病史调查、临床症状和实验室检查，诊断为犬球虫病，经治疗后恢复健康。     

一例猪接触性皮炎的治疗

<正> 发病情况兴隆县大水泉乡宝地村支某家中饲养猪24头,有12头从外地引进,由于猪多、圈小,另盖猪舍二间,在水泥地面未干的情况下,圈入猪只,每圈6头。5天后,猪只出现不同程度的丘疹,有4头严重,特请本站治疗。临床症状病初猪体发红,1～2天后在猪的颈部、背部、腹部出现黄豆拉大小的丘疹,丘诊为紫红色,后期遍布全身,丘疹变大,顶部出现水泡、脓疱,最后破溃结痂,病猪刺痒剧烈,用身体拭擦墙壁,严重溃烂,病猪采食量减少,生长速度变慢。诊断根据临床症状,诊断为接触性皮炎。治疗以止痒、消炎、杀     

Serum antibodies to Malassezia yeasts in canine atopic dermatitis

Significant numbers of humans with atopic dermatitis develop Malassezia-specific IgE. Immediate skin-test reactivity to Malassezia has been demonstrated in atopic dogs. The aim of this study was to compare the serum IgG and IgE response to Malassezia in atopic dogs with and without clinical evidence of Malassezia dermatitis and/or otitis, nonatopic dogs with clinical evidence of Malassezia dermatitis and/or otitis and healthy dogs. Cytology was used to diagnose clinically significant Malassezia dermatitis and otitis. Contact plate cultures confirmed the validity of this technique. Reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Malassezia-specific IgG and IgE in canine serum were established. Atopic dogs had significantly higher serum IgG and IgE levels than either healthy dogs or nonatopic dogs with clinical evidence of Malassezia dermatitis and/or otitis. There was no significant difference in IgG and IgE levels between atopic dogs with and without clinical evidence of Malassezia dermatitis and/or otitis. The implications of these findings in the pathogenesis and management of canine atopic dermatitis are discussed.     

Investigation on the use of 0.3% tacrolimus lotion for canine atopic dermatitis: a pilot study

The efficacy of 0.3% tacrolimus lotion (maximum dosage: 0.3 mg kg-1 per day) for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) was evaluated. Systemic absorption and effects on complete blood cell counts (CBC) and chemistry panels were also investigated. Eight dogs were assigned randomly to either a tacrolimus or a vehicle lotion treatment group. Both owners and investigator were blinded to the treatment. After 4 weeks, there was a 2-week wash-out period and treatments were reversed. Owners scored pruritus weekly while the investigator scored pruritus and erythema at the beginning and end of each treatment period. Investigator scores for pruritus in the tacrolimus group significantly decreased by the end of the study (P = 0.03). Investigator scores for erythema in the tacrolimus group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group at the end of the study (P = 0.005). There was no difference between groups with respect to owner scores for pruritus. No changes in the CBC and chemistry panels were noted. Mean blood concentrations of tacrolimus were below toxic levels.     

Double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study on the efficacy of zileuton for canine atopic dermatitis

Nine dogs meeting the diagnostic criteria for canine atopic dermatitis were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial. In this pilot study, zileuton (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) given orally at 2 mg kg(-1) three times daily for 4 weeks significantly decreased erythema in dogs with atopic dermatitis but had no effect on pruritus. Zileuton was well tolerated and no adverse clinical signs were noted. However, one dog developed mild alanine aminotransaminase elevation, which resolved within 1 week of discontinuation of therapy. Monitoring of alanine aminotransaminase may be necessary in dogs receiving zileuton. Further studies with larger number of dogs are needed to evaluate the efficacy of zileuton as treatment for canine atopic dermatitis.     

Treating canine atopic dermatitis with unsaturated fatty acids: the role of mast cells and potential mechanisms of action

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory skin disorder that is characterized by pruritus and associated cutaneous changes. Treatment interventions include allergen avoidance, allergen‐specific immunotherapy as well as a symptomatic therapy using glucocorticoids and antihistamines. In addition, a dietary intervention using polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been shown to alleviate symptoms in some dogs. Although the beneficial effects of PUFA in the treatment of CAD have been known for several years, their mode of action remains unclear. This review discusses the evidential basis of the therapeutic use of dietary PUFA in the treatment of CAD. Particular emphasis will be placed on the role of cutaneous mast cells. In addition, recent evidence from in vitro studies on the regulation of mast cell exocytosis will be used to build a mechanistic model of the active principle of PUFA. It is proposed that dietary PUFA are integrated into mast cell membranes resulting in a reorganization of membrane microdomains. This may then be accompanied by functional changes of membrane‐associated proteins such as the phospholipases D (PLD), enzymes having an important impact on mast cell exocytosis processes.     

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of a Chinese herbal product (P07P) for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of P07P, a product derived from a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, was undertaken in 50 dogs with atopic dermatitis. Owners recorded a daily itch score for 4-14 days before treatment and during treatment. Packets of powder containing P07P or placebo were added to the food once daily for 8 weeks. Dogs were assessed for erythema, surface damage, overall coat condition and seborrhoea by the same investigator, as well as for pruritus and general demeanour, at 0 (visit 2), 28 (visit 3) and 56 (visit 4) days of treatment or at withdrawal. Investigator and owner assessments of response were recorded after 28 and 56 days of treatment or at withdrawal. The predefined primary outcome measure was the owners' assessment of response at the end of treatment. Nine of the 24 dogs (37.5%) in the P07P group but only 3 of the 23 dogs (13%) in the placebo group were considered to have improved, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). There was a significantly higher withdrawal rate due to worsening of condition in the placebo group (P = 0.04). Mean daily itch score in the second 28-day period of the study was significantly higher than baseline in the placebo group (P = 0.01) but not in the P07P group (P = 0.30). Pruritus scores showed a significant deterioration from baseline at the final visit in the placebo group (P = 0.01) but not in the P07P group (P = 1.00). There was a significant difference between the groups in change from baseline in erythema score at visit 3 (P = 0.05). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in surface damage, seborrhoea, overall coat condition and general demeanour scores within or between the groups throughout the study. The product was well tolerated with no severe or serious adverse events recorded. P07P may be beneficial as a novel nonsteroidal therapy for the management of dogs with atopic dermatitis.     

A randomized controlled trial of misoprostol monotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis: effects on dermal cellularity and cutaneous tumour necrosis factor-alpha

Abstract In this blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial, 20 dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) were given placebo (8 dogs) or misoprostol (12 dogs) at 5 µg kg⁻¹, orally, three times daily for 3 weeks. Administration of the active drug, but not of placebo, led to a significant decrease in lesional and pruritus scores. The median reduction from baseline of both scores was ≈30%. Misoprostol therapy did not lead to decreases of dermal cell counts or skin tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α mRNA copy numbers that were significantly different from those of placebo. Skin TNFα protein production, assessed using indirect immunofluorescence, decreased or remained unchanged in dogs receiving misoprostol. In contrast, post treatment TNFα fluorescence scores were higher in all but two dogs given placebo. The changes from baseline of TNFα fluorescence scores did not correlate significantly with those of lesional or pruritus indices. These observations confirm the modest efficacy of misoprostol for treatment of canine AD and suggest that its mild anti-allergic effects are not associated with either inhibition of inflammatory cell emigration or TNFα production.     

Evaluation of the effect of a 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate spray on clinical signs and skin barrier function in dogs with atopic dermatitis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a topical spray containing 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate (HCA) on canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) and to evaluate the skin barrier function during the treatment of CAD. Twenty-one dogs that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for CAD were included in this study. The HCA spray was applied once a day to the lesions of all dogs for 7 or 14 days. Clinical assessment was performed before (day 0) and after treatment (day 14), and clinical responses were correlated with changes in skin barrier function. CAD severity significantly decreased after 14 days of HCA treatment based on the lesion scores (p < 0.0001), which were determined using the CAD extent and severity index (CADESI-03) and pruritus scores (p < 0.0001) calculated using a pruritus visual analog scale. Transepidermal water loss, a biomarker of skin barrier function, was significantly reduced compared to baseline (day 0) measurements (p = 0.0011). HCA spray was shown to be effective for significantly improving the condition of dogs suffering from CAD. This treatment also significantly improved cutaneous hydration and skin barrier function in the animals.     

Sensitization rates of causative allergens for dogs with atopic dermatitis: detection of canine allergen-specific IgE

Allergen-specific IgE serology tests became commercially available in the 1980s. Since then these tests have been widely used to diagnose and treat allergic skin diseases. However, the relationship between a positive reaction and disease occurrence has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate allergens using a serologic allergy test in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). Dogs clinically diagnosed with AD (n=101) were tested using an allergen-specific IgE immunoassay. Among the total 92 environmental and food allergens, house dust and house dust mites were the most common. Several allergens including airborne pollens and molds produced positive reactions, and which was considered increasing allergens relating to the climate changes. The presence of antibodies against staphylococci and Malassezia in cases of canine AD was warranted in this study. Additionally, strong (chicken, turkey, brown rice, brewer''s yeast, and soybean) and weakly (rabbit, vension, duck, and tuna) positive reactions to food allergens could be used for avoidance and limited-allergen trials.     

Aero-allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern Australia based on 1000 intradermal skin tests

OBJECTIVE: To determine the most relevant aero-allergens involved in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern Australia and provide information about these aero-allergens to the general practitioner. PROCEDURE: Dogs presented to the Animal Skin & Allergy Clinic with history and clinical signs of atopic dermatitis were injected intradermally with 38 different allergens and negative and positive control. Intradermal skin tests in 1000 dogs were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: One third of all patients reacted to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Allergens reacting in more than 15% of the patients were wheat (Triticum aestivum), sweet vernal (Anthoxanthum odoratum), English couch (Agropyron repens), yellow dock (Rumex crispus), Mexican tea (Chenopodium ambrosioides), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and peppercorn (Schimus spp). CONCLUSION: House dust mites are the most common allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern Australia and D farinae is involved most frequently. However, a number of grass, weed and tree pollens also are involved regularly.