红富士苹果大小年结果的相关因子及其调节

调查研究表明，生长势中等的苹果树，多年产量明显高于强树和弱树。每１００ｋｇ果施纯Ｎ０６ｋｇ，叶果比为８５∶１，树体负载量以主干截面积２～２５果／ｃｍ２，这样可以克服大小年现象的产生，实现连年丰产     

甜瓜新品种丰甜1号和丰甜2号的选育及栽培要点

丰甜１号、丰甜２号是合肥市种子公司培育的甜瓜新品种。丰甜１号属厚薄皮杂交一代甜瓜新品种。全生育期８０天左右。果实椭圆形．果形指数１．５５。成熟果金黄色．具１０条银白色棱沟，果肉厚３．０ｃｍ。肉质脆，可溶性固形物含量１４％。平均单果重１０００ｇ，单产２５００ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２。丰甜２号为厚皮甜瓜杂交一代新品种。全生育朗９０天。果实圆形。单果重１０００ｇ，单产１６００ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２。成熟果金黄色，果肉白色至淡绿色．肉厚３．２ｃｍ，肉质细嫩，香味浓。可溶性固形物含量１４％－１６％。丰甜２号主要性状与伊丽莎白极相似。     

中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所鲜食番茄系列良种

中杂９号保护地露地兼用，无限生长类型，中熟，大果，粉红色，有绿果肩。畸形果和裂果率低，高抗番茄花叶病毒，中抗黄瓜花叶病毒，抗叶霉病，高抗枯萎病。产量可达７５～１１２．５ｔ／ｈｍ２。中杂８号保护地露地兼用，无限生长类型，中熟偏早。果实红色，有绿果肩。畸...     

金帅果锈的发生及防治总结

金帅果锈的发生及防治总结肥城市果园面积１６０００ｈｍ２（公项），其中苹果１００００ｈｍ２，而金帅又占苹果面积的１／５。近几年肥城市果树部门把金帅的果锈做为一个重要课题，对其果锈的形成、发生、发展、危害和防治进行了全面的研究。１金帅果锈的成因与症状金帅...     

金星南瓜的选育与推广

金星是安徽丰乐农业科学技术研究院瓜类研究所培育的杂交一代南瓜新品种。全生育期８０天左右，果实发育期２８～３０天。果实厚扁圆形，果皮金黄色，果肉橙红，肉质细粉，品质极佳。早熟，易坐果，单株可坐２～４个果，单果重２．０ ｋｇ左右，产量２ ５５ ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２。     

苹果早期丰产经验

苹果早期丰产经验金州区国营农场卫国园艺场新植苹果树２万株，其中１９９１年栽植１．２万株（１３．３３ｈｍ２），品种以短枝红富士、新乔纳金、新红星为主。３年见果，５年平均单产２．２５万ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，且果品质量好，被评为省优质金奖。其主要经验如下：（１）高...     

黄岩果品加工业的开发方向和品位升级

黄岩果品加工业的开发方向和品位升级／程绍南…（浙江省科学院柑桔研究所３１８０２０）／／浙江柑桔。－１９９６，１３（２）．－２０～２２我国南方开放区果品加工产品的多样性、新颖性、先进性以及产品从内容物到包装的综合品位显著领先，相比之下，黄岩货的品位显得...     

7—9月份柑橘、枇杷、杨梅园管理要点

１柑橘１．１施肥重施更肥，一般于 ６月底至 ７月中旬施入。应用全年２次施肥法，大年树应施入总肥量２１３肥料，小年树应施入全年总肥量 １／３肥料；应用一年三次施肥法应施入全年总肥量的３０％左右。肥料以速效性肥料为主，可配用腐熟的有机肥。幼年树，宜薄肥勤施。１．２疏果如果树体载果过多，则在第二次生理落果结束以后，可进行人工疏果，疏除病虫果、畸形果、特大果和小果，按品种和栽培条件合理留果。１．３ 抗旱防台结合施肥，做好橘园地面覆盖，土壤过分干旱时，要及时灌水保持土壤湿润。此外台风来临之前，做好高接树的枝条…     

地膜在土壤中的残留量在茄子生育和产量的影响

经３年连续试验表明：盆栽试验６～４８ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２的地膜残留量对茄子株高，茎粗和叶面积基本无影响，对根系增长量的影响大于地上部，随着残留量的增加“根冠比”值有上升趋势但未达显著水平，对氮，磷，钾吸收的影响在Ｐ２Ｏ５上有差别，田间试验表明：残留量在３～９６ｋｇ／６６７ｍ＾２范围内不论早期产量，总产量还是采收果数仅差０．９％～１．５％。     

“果大多”在落叶果树上的保果增产效应

“果大多”在落叶果树上的保果增产效应１９９６年３月中旬自贡市桃树开花期遇低温阴雨寡日照气候，白天气温只有１２～１３℃，致使桃花花药不能正常爆裂，花的柱头液被雨水冲淡，无法完成授粉受精。大安区大山铺镇新塘村８ｈｍ２示范桃园，采取花期人工授粉，谢花２／３...     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.