牡丹红斑病发生规律及防治技术研究

研究了牡丹红斑病的发生发展规律以及病原菌的生物学特性；通过室内和田间药剂筛选试验，选出５０％甲基托布津、４０％多菌灵和波尔多液为大面积防治最佳用药。     

冬枣黑斑病防治技术的研究

通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验,筛选出了50％扑海因、70％代森锰锌等防治冬枣黑斑病的有效化学药剂,800倍液防治效果达85％以上;筛选出了生防菌T13菌株并研制了生防菌T13制刑和混配制剂,T13制剂800倍液对黑斑病的防效达70％以上,混配制剂800倍防效达90％以上。     

菏泽牡丹主要病害控制技术研究

菏泽牡丹栽培历史悠久,栽培面积大,资源丰富,菏泽牡丹凭借自身独特的优势,在无性快繁、育种、牡丹产业化开发方面取得了明显的生态效益、经济效益与社会效益。但是随着牡丹栽培面积的迅速扩展与品种的增多,牡丹病害的系统防治是栽培中急需解决的问题。在牡丹病害系统全面的控制研究方面,国内的研究报道还比较少,我们针对这一实际情况,在前人牡丹病害防治研究的基础上,进行全面系统的防治研究,筛选出了防治3种病害的有效化学药剂和生防菌株。把牡丹红斑病、根腐病、根结线虫病感病指数控制在5左右,通过试验、示范和推广,解决了牡丹病害危害严重的现状,牡丹病害的防治研究有效地控制了病虫害的发生,提高了牡丹的经济效益。     

杨树溃疡病药剂防治试验

通过8种药剂对杨树溃疡病的室内药效测定和林间防治试验表明。以50％退菌特,40％多菌灵和40％申基托布津效果显著,林间病斑治愈率90％以上,有效率达94％以上。     

牡丹的主要病害及其防治研究

红斑病、根腐病、根结线虫病是牡丹的主要病害,在山东菏泽牡丹栽培区普遍发生且危害严重,已影响到牡丹产业化的发展。在对牡丹的此3种主要病害进行深入系统研究的基础上,对所掌握的红斑病、根腐病、根结线虫病的病原物、发生发展规律及采取的防治措施进行了详细的报道。     

栗链蚧的生物学特性及其防治试验

栗链蚧在当地1a发生2代。5月中旬用10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂2500倍液喷雾防治，校正死亡率达90．7％：5月中旬、8月初用40％氧化乐果乳油1倍液、20％吡虫啉可溶性液剂20倍液打孔注射防治，校正死亡率在91．2％以上。     

保山甜柿炭疽病综合防控技术试验示范初报

在云南保山两年的甜柿炭疽病田间防治试验表明,对该病采取综合防控措施的基础上,在炭疽病危害新梢的4月中旬至6月中旬和危害果实的8月上旬至10月中旬对炭疽病重点防治,效果显著,防效达90%以上,病果率低于1%,初步总结出的防控技术可推荐在甜柿生产中参考应用。     

牡丹红斑病病原菌的研究

从8批次,512个样品中分离得到的优势菌株,对其形态特征、及其着 生方式进行显微检测,同时,进行生物学特性和致病性测定。鉴定出牡丹红斑病病原为枝孢霉（Cladosporium Paeoniae Pass)。该菌在山东地区为首次报道。     

牡丹紫纹羽病的发生及防治

<正> 牡丹紫纹羽病(Helicobasidium mo-mpa Tanaka)是我省牡丹栽培区一种常见的牡丹病害。此病使牡丹植株枝条细弱,叶变小、发芽迟,自上面下枯黄,甚至成片萎蔫,整株死亡,有些地块发病率高达60％以上,严重影响其观赏效果。为此,我们从1988年以来,对紫纹羽病的发生及防治作了一些探讨。     

洛南县松阿扁叶蜂发生规律及防治技术研究

研究了松阿扁叶蜂在洛南县油松林的生活史、生活习性等规律,并筛选出有效防治方法,表明地面药剂垦复防治效果达90％以上;在郁闭度0．7以上的油松林分内,防治3龄前幼虫用药量为15kg·hm。敌敌畏烟剂、林丹烟剂效果分别达97％;树冠喷雾40％氧化乐果乳油1000倍液、3％高渗苯氧威乳油3500倍液、25％灭幼脲悬浮剂2000倍液、蚜螨敌1500倍液、I．2％苦烟乳油2000倍液,防治效果分别在84％以上。     

牡丹红斑病发病规律的观察

牡丹红斑病Cladosporium paeoniae Pass.是牡丹的重要病害。该文报道了山东境内特别是在菏泽牡丹栽培区的分布和危害、病原菌越冬方式和场所、病原菌侵入途径及潜育期、病害发生时期、病害发生与初侵染源、土壤酸碱度、牡丹不同品种等因子的关系。     

Screening of fungicides for the management of wattle rust (Uromycladium acaciae) in Acacia mearnsii plantations,South Africa

South Africa has c. 110 000 ha planted to Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) with 85% of the revenue from the species obtained from the timber and 15% from the bark. From 2012/13 a wattle rust disease has spread throughout the black wattle plantation area in KwaZulu-Natal and from 2015 it was recorded in southern Mpumalanga. The pathogen affects trees of all age classes, causing a reduction in growth, as well as mortality with severe infection. No fungicides are currently registered in South Africa for the control of wattle rust. In October/November 2014, three black wattle trials were initiated in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands and south-eastern Mpumulanga where fungicides were tested at varying rates for the control of wattle rust. The same trial design was used for all three trials and consisted of a 3 × 3 factorial with one additional control, replicated three times and laid out as a randomised complete block design. The factorial combination consisted of three fungicides (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole; azoxystrobin + cyproconazole; azoxystrobin) applied at three rates (×, 2× and ½ ×). The additional control was not treated with fungicides. Wattle rust had a significant and negative impact on tree growth, irrespective of site and/or previous infection. All fungicides tested, and at all rates applied, proved effective for the control of wattle rust. The optimum rate selected, timing and frequency of application will be based on a combination of prevention of resistance as well as optimisation of growth. For the most effective control of wattle rust, fungicides should be applied as a preventative, rather than corrective, measure. However, in cases of severe infestation, a corrective application could also be used to aid the management of wattle rust.     

水黄皮叶斑病的成因、严重性及杀菌剂防止

对孟加拉国4个苗圃(IFES、IFESCU、BFRI和ANC)内水黄皮叶斑病症状和严重性进行了调查,结果表明:IFESCU苗圃内叶斑病侵染率及致病指标最高、BFRI次之、ANC最低.与叶斑病相关联的组织从发病植株分离出来,被分离的真菌形成致病性.结果证实胶孢炭疽菌即为致病菌.观察了杧果炭疽病菌丝体生长抑制性并对杀菌剂(Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45) 有效性和浓度(0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 和 2.00%)进行了鉴定.0.05% Bavistin和Cupravite潜伏8天后,菌丝体生长分别处于最低和最高水平.结果表明:Bavistin杀菌效果最好、Diathane M-45次之,Cupravite对菌丝体生长的抑制作用最低.图1表4参27.     

杨树红心病危害的调查研究

杨树红心病是分布广泛、危害严重的一种病害,几乎所有杨树品种都会遭侵染,成年树病株率达100%,变色比率15.65%~50.70%。从当年生扦插苗到成年树均能发生,红心病主要发生在主干的髓心和木质部。该病的严重程度与栽植的立地条件有关,在低洼湿地栽植的杨树其变色程度严重,且随树龄的增加而加剧,生长速度快的杨树,危害程度大。杨树品种不同,危害程度不同,品种之间存在着显著差异。     

樟子松枯梢病的防治研究

樟子松移植苗枯梢病Sphaeropsis sapinea可以通过药剂有效地进行防治。移植前以50％多菌灵wp500倍液浸苗；在人工林中，内吸性杀菌剂－甲基托布津、多菌灵为首选药剂；在树木新梢生长停止期和展叶中期（辽西北为6月初和6月中旬），70％甲基托布津wp 1000倍液或50％多菌灵wp 500倍液防治2次。保护性杀菌剂－百菌清效果不佳。适时的卫生伐对该病有明显的抑制作用。     

邓恩桉扦插繁殖试验

通过不同生根剂、基质、穗条木质化程度以及扦插时间等因素对邓恩桉扦插繁殖生根影响进行试验研究,结果表明:不同生根剂、不同基质、不同穗条木质化程度以及不同扦插时间对插穗生根率影响达显著或极显著差异水平,其中生根剂和基质以ABT1#600mg·L-1+红心土组合处理为最好,其生根率、生根条数和生根长度分别达93 6%、6 3条和11 3cm;采自采穗圃的半木质化穗条的生根率明显高于优树的木质化穗条,达93 6%,它们的生根率大小依次为采穗圃的半木质化穗条>优树基部穗条>优树中部穗条>优树上部穗条;扦插时间以3～5月份即春季的扦插效果最好,9-11月份即秋季的扦插效果次之,生根率分别可达90%以上和85%左右,且生根时间短,仅20d左右。     

Control of verticillium wilt in Cotinus coggygria

We analyzed the inhibition rates of eight kinds of fungicides to the pathogen of verticillium wilt of smoke tree(Cotinus coggygria) by measuring mycelium growth.Results show that four fungicides(Weijunjing,thiophanate-methyl 70% WP(wettable powder),carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei) have the best antifungal effects.Three fungicides,Weijunjing,carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei,were selected to determine the control of verticillium wilt in potted smoke tree seedlings.We found that the relative efficacy of Wei...     

球毛壳菌对樟子松的侵染规律研究

榆林风沙区樟子松枯死主要发生在10—15年生幼龄林上，7月上旬至8月下旬为感病高峰期，翌年4月中旬至5月中旬为死亡高峰期。病菌孢子在整个生长季均能放散与传播，降雨节律及降雨量直接影响孢子的扩散与数量。人工接种发现：病菌的侵入期主要在6月中旬至8月中旬，潜育期半个月，侵入途径是伤口，病株感病部位及枯死枝是病原菌的越冬场所，密度高，植被盖度大的林分感病重。     

Validation of the Rotstand model for simulating Heterobasidion annosum root rot in Picea abies stands

Rotstand is a computer model that can simulate the development of a forest stand together with the root rot disease caused by Heterobasidion annosum s.l. on several tree species in Europe. We evaluated the accuracy of Rostand model for its use in Sweden by using data from two field experiments of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in which the long term outcome of stump protection methods had been evaluated (14 and 20 plots, respectively). One of the experiments included artificial infection of the stumps that enabled an almost complete parameterization of the model. Artificially infected plots were used for assessing the loss of precision of using average parameter values vs. plot-specific values. Average values obtained from artificially infected plots were used for validating the model on plots subjected to natural infection. Rotstand proved to be able to predict plots with a large variation of decay development (20-90% of stems with decay) as early as 15 years after infection. The parameter controlling the inoculum expansion within the tree root system appeared as a major factor affecting the accuracy of the predictions. Expansion of decay centres of artificially and naturally infected plots in Southern Sweden was not significantly different from natural infected plots in the rest of the country, opening the possibility of using a single average value all over Sweden. By using an expansion rate of 0.20 m year⁻¹, Rotstand gave unbiased predictions of decay development 15 years after infection with a relative error of 38.4%. When using average parameter values, Rotstand tended to underestimate plots showing more than 50% of decay 15 years after infection; however, when simulating those plots beyond the last decay assessment, these errors were predicted to disappear.     

香樟叶斑病病原菌的鉴定、菌丝生长速率及防治药剂筛选研究

目的 鉴定引起万州区香樟叶斑病的病原菌,明确病原菌菌丝生长特性,筛选出有效抑制叶斑病病原菌的杀菌剂,为该病的防治提供理论基础。 方法 采用组织分离法分离和纯化病原菌,用柯赫氏法则进行致病性测定,通过形态特征及ITS、tub2、GAPDH、ApMat多基因联合分析鉴定其病原菌种类;用菌丝生长速率法研究其菌丝生长特性,并进行杀菌剂的筛选。 结果 分离菌株在 PDA 培养基上培养3 d呈现灰褐色,边缘灰白色,后期有橘红色孢子堆出现,分生孢子呈长椭圆形、两端钝圆、透明无色、为独立的单胞,测量其孢子大小为(9.8～18.6) μm × (4.2～6.0) μm;用两种方法对优势菌株ZT-1进行致病性检验,均能引起香樟叶片发病;代表菌株ZT-1和ZT-5与胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）聚在一支,支持率达100%;菌落的最适生长温度为28 ℃,最适pH值为6.0,马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基利于菌丝生长,最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖、甘氨酸,最适的光照条件是全黑暗;在化学和生物杀菌剂中,15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂、1%蛇床子素水乳剂的室内毒力较强,对C. gloeosporioides的抑制效果明显,其EC50值均小于10 μg·mL−1。 结论 C. gloeosporioides是万州区香樟炭疽病的病原菌,15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂可作为防治的杀菌剂。