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姜丽 《水土保持应用技术》2012,(3):36-38
生产规模较大的老矿山前期水土保持措施不到位,遗留较严重的水土流失问题。在水土保持措施设计时,一定要明确水土流失防治责任,重点分析已采完矿区和现开采矿区的区别及联系,并根据其水土流失的特点采取行之有效的防治措施。布设措施时,应优化水土保持设计理念,工程措施和植物措施相结合,提升景观效果,注重乔灌草的合理配置,充分发挥不同植物的水土保持作用。同时,还应采取不同的措施提高石灰石矿废岩的综合利用率。 相似文献
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以拉萨市某河道防洪工程项目为例,分析防洪工程项目特点,总结了防洪工程水土流失危害,提出水土保持设计的重难点及合理、全面的水土保持措施总体布局,归纳了植物物种选择原则及结论,明确水土保持设计内容,可供类似工程设计参考。 相似文献
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以金沙江中游的阿海和梨园、澜沧江上游的苗尾3座大型水电站为例,在分析三者"三通一平"工程水土保持方案存在问题的基础上,阐述了"三通一平"工程与主体工程水土保持方案策划与衔接的必要性。为保证"三通一平"工程水土保持方案防治措施设计合理、安全、有效运行,提出了3个重点:业主需委托主体工程设计单位(持甲级水土保持方案编制资质)或水利水电行业具有甲级水土保持方案编制资质的单位承担水土保持方案编制任务;认真做好表土资源的剥离、堆存与防护,以保证植物措施覆土量需求和实施效果;做好与后续设计的衔接。 相似文献
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火电工程建设项目在生产建设期及运营期都会产生大量的水土流失。植物措施作为开发建设项目水土流失的主要防治措施之一,对项目区植被恢复,新增水土流失控制以及水土保持设施效益的发挥有重大意义。就火电工程建设项目的特点及影响火电工程建设植物措施配置的几大因素作了简要分析,包括项目所在地自然特点、项目防治分区及植物的生态学特性等方面。分析了内蒙古上都发电有限责任公司三期(2×600MW机组)工程植物措施情况,以期为火电类开发建设项目科学合理配置植物措施,有效发挥植物措施保持水土、改善环境效能以及充分体现“生态优先,综合利用”原则和更好地绿化美化提供参考。 相似文献
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P.A. Thompson R.D. Smith J.B. Dickie R.H. Sanderson R.J. Probert 《Biological conservation》1981,20(3):229-245
Four methods of obtaining seeds of wild species of plants for long-term conservation in Gene Banks were compared. (a) From collections growing within botanic gardens; (b) by making sample collections from wild populations and bulking up stocks by regeneration under cultivation; (c) by making arrangements with external collectors; (d) by organising plant collecting expeditions.Collections from plants in botanic gardens were unsatisfactory material on which to base collections. Regeneration under cultivation depends on expertise and knowledge of the plant's cultural requirements which were frequently not available, leading to unacceptably heavy losses of individuals and selection of populations, during cultivation. Collecting seeds directly from populations of wild plants was, scientifically, the most successful method and costings showed it also to be economically the least demanding of resources.The results suggest that, except in special cases—perhaps with rare plants where natural populations are small—every effort should be made to obtain initial collections of seed which are large enough to fulfil all the purposes intended by long-term conservation. Collections of small numbers of seeds which require bulking up before they can be used should be avoided, as a waste of effort, time and plant resources. 相似文献
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濒危植物生殖生态学是濒危植物保护生物学研究的热点。本文综述了国内外濒危植物生殖生态学研究进展,包括濒危植物植物学及物候学特性、生殖系统、种子及幼苗生态学、生殖值及生殖分配、种群统计、生命表以及无性繁殖等方面,并指出当前研究中存在的问题及今后发展方向。 相似文献
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Ex situ collections in botanic gardens have great potential in contributing to the conservation of rare plants. However, little is known about the effects of cultivation on the genetic diversity and fitness of garden populations, about genetic changes due to unconscious selection and potential adaptation to the artificial conditions. We compared the genetic variability and fitness of the rare, short-lived perennial Cynoglossum officinale from 12 botanic gardens and five natural populations in Germany. Genetic variability was assessed with eight nuclear microsatellites. Plants were grown in a common garden and performance was measured over 2 years. Mean genetic diversity was very similar in botanic garden and natural populations. However, four of the garden populations exhibited no genetic variability at all. Moreover, the genetic diversity of garden populations decreased with increasing duration of cultivation, indicating genetic drift. Plant performance from natural and garden populations in terms of growth, flowering and seed production was similar and in garden populations only seed mass was strongly related to genetic diversity. Several lines of evidence indicated genetic changes in garden populations in response to cultivation. Seed dormancy was strongly reduced in garden populations, and in response to nutrient addition garden plants increased the size of their main inflorescence, while wild plants increased the number of inflorescences. These changes could be maladaptive in nature and reduce the suitability of garden populations as a source for reintroductions. We suggest that botanic gardens should pay more attention to the problem of potential genetic changes in their plant collections. 相似文献
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土坝坝坡栽培结缕草草皮的技术及护坡效果 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
土质坝坝坡易遭暴雨径流冲蚀而破坏,草皮护坡是常用的一种护坡措施.山东省招远市采用当地野生的结缕草进行坝坡防护,取得良好效果。结缕草耐旱、耐寒、耐瘠薄、耐践踏碾压。抗逆性强,根系发达,茎叶茂密,繁殖生长快,是优良水土保持草种。该市勾山水库下游坝坡,1990年按照一定的栽培、管护技术进行结缕草护坡,护坝面积2.67万m2,栽植成活率达98%,两年后完全覆盖坝面,经6个汛期32次暴雨袭击,坝坡未发现水毁现象,较采用人工培植的专用草皮护坡节省资金13.35万元。结缕草草皮护坡已在招远市库坝工程中推广应用。 相似文献
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木兰科植物在植物系统分类学上具有重要地位,也是北半球亚热带森林的重要组成树种,主要集中分布于我国西南部和南部.系统研究四川省野生木兰科植物的形态特性、地理分布特点及其利用价值,结果表明:四川省野生木兰科植物资源丰富,有5属24种1变种,分布在盆周山地、川西南和川西高山狭谷的东南部,主要分布于川西高山狭谷的东南部,处于现代木兰科的分布、分化和起源中心的边缘;四川野生木兰科中,乔木树种23种,灌木2种;常绿成分13种,落叶成分12种.花色包括红色、淡红色、紫红色、紫色、黄色、淡黄色、黄绿色、白色和乳白色等,有些种类的花具有极浓烈香味,叶形奇异,果实独特,树形优美;乔木的干形好、材质优良、较速生.这些珍贵树种,在科研、园林绿化、林业等方面具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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阿克苏河中游荒漠河岸林物种多样性与群落稳定性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]探究阿克苏河中游荒漠河岸林群落的物种多样性、稳定性及其之间的关系,在物种水平上对当前群落植物组成的复杂性及部分环境因子的关系进行探讨,为荒漠河岸生态系统的恢复提供理论依据。[方法]在样方调查的基础上,运用格局分析法,物种多样性指数与均匀度指数,聚类分析以及M.Godron稳定性测度对植物群落进行综合评估。[结果]阿克苏河中游荒漠河岸林主要的植物种群均呈现聚集分布的格局,群落结构简单,具有单寡种优势群落的特征。不同地段的植物群落物种分布较为均匀,但丰富度与多样性的高低略有起伏;荒漠河岸林植物群落根据环境因子的聚类结果可分为6个群丛,其中有3个群丛的物种多样性较低。物种组成与土壤水分的关联较为密切;当前植物群落尚未达到稳定阶段,物种多样性与群落稳定性者之间并无任何直接联系。[结论]单一以河水漫灌的方式促进该地区植物多样性的恢复具有一定的困难,考虑以胡杨、柽柳为主要格局,种植深根系的乔灌木以营造局部地区小气候,间接优化生境的方式对荒漠河岸林的植被恢复更为有利。 相似文献