霍乱毒素B亚单位基因的克隆及其核苷酸序列分析

利用 PCR技术从含有霍乱毒素 B亚单位 ( CTB)基因的质粒 p UCT1中扩增出不包括信号肽的 3 0 9bp的 CTB全基因 ,并通过点突变技术消除了 CTB阅读框内的终止密码子 ( TAA→GAA) ,以便于在 CTB基因的下游融合其他的外源基因。用限制性内切酶 Bam H 和 Eco R 对 PCR产物进行双酶切 ,以 T4DNA连接酶将其定向连接于经同样酶切处理的质粒 p ET-2 8b( )的多克隆位点上 ,构建成重组质粒 p ECTB,转化至BL2 1 ( DE3 )中。经 Bam H 和 Eco R 双酶切分析和 PCR扩增检测 ,证明重组质粒 p ECTB中含有 CTB基因。核苷酸序列分析表明 ,克隆的 CTB基因在重组质粒中的连接向位和阅读框架是正确的     

鸡白介素18基因原核表达质粒构建

根据已发表的江西土鸡白介素 -1 8(Ch IL-1 8) c DNA编码基因序列设计引物 ,用PCR技术从 p MDCh IL-1 8质粒扩增出编码鸡IL-1 8成熟蛋白基因 ,重组于 p BV2 2 0表达载体上 ,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌 JM1 0 9(DE3 ) ,转化子经温度诱导的表达产物 ,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定约 2万 ,N端开头 1 5个氨基酸序列测定分析 ,证明获得了鸡 IL-1 8成熟蛋白 ,为今后深入研究鸡 IL -1 8的生物学特性及其临床应用打下了基础     

一种获得重组传染性法氏囊病病毒的新方法

采用 RT- PCR技术 ,从传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV)细胞适应株 GZ911中扩增了 A片段的 2个片段 GA5和 GA3,从中国分离的 IBDV超强毒株 L X中扩增了 B片段的 2个片段 L B5和 L B3。将 GA5和 GA3克隆到质粒p Bss K的 Eco R / Kpn 位点 ,将 L B5和 L B3克隆到 p Bss K的 Eco R / Xba 位点 ,获得携带 GZ911完整 A片段基因的质粒 GA- p Bss K和携带 L X完整 B片段基因的质粒 L B- p Bss K。然后将 GZ911的 A片段 c DNA和 L X的 B片段c DNA分别插入带有巨细胞病毒立即早期加强子 /启动子的质粒 p AL TER- MAX中 ,获得重组质粒 GA- p AL TER和L B- p AL TER。用 GA- p AL TER和 L B- p AL TER共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF) ,获得具有感染活性的重组 IBDV,命名为 r IBDV- GZ L X。该方法的建立为在体外对 IBDV的基因组进行遗传操作 ,进而彻底了解 IBDV基因的结构与功能的关系打下了基础。     

鸡催乳素和抑制素-α亚基重组蛋白的构建及表达

将鸡催乳素 (PRL)和抑制素 - α亚基 (INB- α)基因编码序列重组为融合基因 ,制备了同时包含这 2种激素基因的融合蛋白。通过 PCR和分子克隆的方法首先将全部粤黄鸡 PRL成熟肽 c DNA克隆到载体 p RSET A的 Bgl 和 Eco R 克隆位点之间 ,获得重组质粒 p PRL- RSET。鸡 INB- α片段经扩增后分别被克隆到质粒 p RSET A和 p PRL- RSET的 Nhe 和 Xho 克隆位点之间 ,获得重组质粒 p INB- RSET和 p INB- PRL。以上重组质粒构建的正确性分别由各特定引物组合扩增的 PCR产物长度、特定限制性内切酶消化各重组质粒所得产物长度以及对各质粒的测序结果得到验证。重组质粒 p PRL- RSET和 p INB- PRL 转化 E.coli BL2 1(DE3)株 ,IPTG诱导后所表达的产物经 SDS- PAGE显示 ,其分别与所预期的重组蛋白分子大小相符。质粒 p PRL - RSET和 p INB- PRL的表达产物和用 Ni- NTA凝胶纯化的 2重组蛋白产物都可与抗鸡 PRL 抗体产生特异的免疫印迹 ,并且表达菌裂解液和相应纯化蛋白的免疫印迹处于同一位置。结果说明 ,试验已成功完成了鸡 PRL、INB-α及 2者融合蛋白的构建、表达和纯化     

瘦蛋白基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

采用 RT- PCR方法从猪脂肪组织扩增出瘦蛋白基因 ,将其插入 p MD1 8- T克隆载体 ,经序列分析证明 ,所获得的目的基因为 4 4 1 bp,与预期大小一致。提取质粒后用 Eco R 和 Xho 双酶切 ,克隆入 p ET- 2 8a表达载体 ,将阳性重组质粒转化表达受体菌 E.coli BL 2 1 ( DE3) ,经 IPTG诱导 ,SDS- PAGE检测 ,证明在 E.coli BL 2 1中正确表达了重组猪瘦蛋白     

禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒PCR及RT-PCR检测方法的研究和p30主要抗原域的原核表达

根据MONA M．ALY发表的一对引物，5’-CATACTGGAGCCAATGGTGTAAA GGGCAG A-3’（上游引物），5’-AATGTTGTAGCGAAGTACT-3’（下游引物），上游引物位于REV—SNV毒株LTR序列上游237bp到267bp，下游引物在499bp到517bp之间，扩增产物总长为281bp。以REV—T株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞DNA作为PCR扩增模板，进行PCR扩增，提取病毒RNA进行RT—PCR，这两种方法均获得了禽网状内皮增生症T株的部分LTR序列，将其克隆入pGEM—TEasy克隆载体中，经测序，证实为禽网状内皮增生症T株的部分LTR序列，初步建立了REV的PCR和RT-PCR检测方法。人工合成了REVp30的主要抗原域，用构建成功的表达禽网状内皮增生症p30主要抗原域的原核表达载体pET—p30，转化大肠杆菌BL21，挑取阳性克隆培养，IPTG诱导后裂解菌体作SDS—PAGE分析，出现大小约25Ku的表达产物即融合蛋白TrxA—p30主要抗原域，经Western blot验证融合蛋白具有REV特异的反应原性。采用常规表达条件：LB培养基，37℃培养，待菌生长至OD600为0．4h～0．6h。用终浓度为0．2mmol／L～0．8mmol／L的IPTG进行诱导，于37℃振荡培养4h～5h，均能高效表达。本研究为建立REV抗体的ELISA检测方法打下基础。     

鸡γ-干扰素基因的分子克隆与序列测定

应用逆转录 -聚合酶链式反应 ( RT-PCR)技术 ,从 Con A诱导培养 2 4 h的鸡脾淋巴细胞中扩增得到了大小约 50 0 bp的基因 ,将其平端连接到 p UC1 9质粒上 ,进行质粒 PCR和 Eco RI、Hind 双酶切鉴定后 ,筛选阳性重组克隆。序列分析表明 ,该基因阅读开放框架由 4 92个核苷酸组成 ,与马和人γ-干扰素基因序列的同源性分别为 3 5%和 3 2 %,与鸡 型干扰素基因的同源性仅为 1 5%,与国外报道的鸡 γ-干扰素基因序列完全一致。表明鸡脾淋巴细胞受到有丝分裂原刺激后 ,其 γ-干扰素基因 m RNA发生了表达 ,试验成功地克隆得到了鸡 γ-干扰素基因     

新城疫病毒cDNA探针在重组鸡痘病毒鉴定中的应用

将含新城疫病毒 (NDV)四平株 F基因的重组质粒 (p KSF)经 Eco R 及 Xba 双酶切 ,回收 340 bp的 c DNA片段 ,制备了地高辛标记的 c DNA探针。特异性检测表明 ,该探针对含 NDV F基因的 p KSF呈现特异性 ,而对照载体质粒及鸡痘病毒 (FPV 2 82 E4 )的核酸均呈阴性 ;敏感性检测表明 ,该探针对同源 DNA的检出限量为 4 0 pg。应用该探针对含 NDV F基因的重组鸡痘病毒 v FV2 82进行杂交检测 ,结果呈阳性。以上结果表明 ,该探针可成功用于含 NDV F基因的重组鸡痘病毒的鉴定     

禽源巴氏杆菌链霉素耐药基因StrA的克隆及原核表达

根据巴氏杆菌链霉素耐药基因 Str A序列 ,设计合成 1对引物 ,以临床分离的禽源巴氏杆菌链霉素耐药菌株质粒DNA为模板 ,通过 PCR技术 ,扩增出禽源巴氏杆菌的 Str A基因片段。将长约 80 4 bp的 Str A目的基因克隆到 p GEM-T载体上 ,通过核苷酸序列测定 ,结果表明 ,克隆的 Str A基因长约 80 4 bp,与文献报道 (NC- 0 0 1774 )的同源性为99.8% ,只有 1个碱基不同 (6 9位 T→ C) ,但所编码的氨基酸没有改变。将 Str A基因按正确的阅读框架定向克隆到原核表达载体 p ET- 2 8c( )中 ,重组质粒酶切鉴定正确后 ,将构建好的原核表达质粒 p ET- 2 8c( ) - Str A转化到受体菌BL- 2 1(DE3)中 ,经 IPTG诱导后 ,进行 SDS- PAGE电泳 ,经检测 ,Str A外源基因的表达产物占菌体总蛋白的 12 %。蛋白表达形式为包涵体表达     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein