高大平房仓富氮低氧气调储粮生产试验

报告了中央储备粮湖州直属库储粮生产性试验中关于高大平房仓膜下富氮低氧气调储粮试验的主要情况。试验结果表明:实现气调储粮的前提和关键是仓房气密性,当仓房气密性接近气调储粮气密性要求时,再通过适当增加补气次数,使高大平房仓粮堆内氮气浓度平均值达到93%以上,并维持50d以上,可以有效抑制储粮害虫发展,确保粮食安全储藏,实现绿色储粮。     

富氮低氧气调储粮边充边排尾气利用实仓试验

在目前普遍采用的固定式富氮低氧气调储粮工艺的基础上,通过重新设计仓外输气管道线路和单仓控制阀门的布局,可以实现在充氮过程中边充边排利用尾气,从而达到降低富氮低氧气调储粮技术的使用成本和节能降耗的目的。     

富氮低氧气调储粮膜下通风降温方法探索

富氮低氧气调储粮已经成为现代绿色储粮的发展方向,日益成熟的充氮气调储粮技术为储藏粮食带来显著的经济效益和社会效益。但是,充氮气调储粮需要用薄膜密封粮面,冬季降温通风时又需要揭开薄膜,而揭开薄膜通风会造成人力物力不必要的浪费,为了解决不揭开薄膜就能通风这个难题,本试验对充氮气调储粮仓房在冬季时如何在不揭膜的条件下对粮堆进行降温通风进行了探索。通过探索得到了充氮气调储粮仓房冬季不揭膜降温通风的方法,解决了充氮仓房冬季不揭膜进行降温通风的难题。     

高大平房仓熏蒸仓仓外散气改造

虽然中储粮总公司近几年正在大力推广气调、低温等绿色无公害储粮技术,部分国储库也在为气调储粮进行各项准备工作,但由于仓房气密性改造不理想等原因,真正进行气调储粮的仓房并不多,而且推广进度缓慢。所以,在尚未开展气调储粮的仓房仍需要使用熏蒸剂防治储粮害虫,本着"安全、经济、有效"的原则,仓房熏蒸散气由原来进仓作业改为从仓外进行。     

富氮低氧储粮技术在旧仓房中的应用

针对改造后的苏式仓气密性差,影响现代仓储技术应用的现状,我库在资金不足,不改变仓房构架的基础上,采用双槽管薄膜五面密封技术,增强仓房气密性,以达到富氮低氧储粮技术对气密性的要求,通过制氮设备将粮堆氮气浓度提高至98%以上,并保持53d以上,起到了良好的杀虫和预防害虫的效果,使旧仓房也能实现富氮低氧的绿色储粮。     

平房仓气密性改造应用研究

通过对普通房式仓仓房气密性的改造处理,仓房的气密性显著提高,达到了气调仓标准,改造后的仓房粮温上升缓慢,有利于低温或准低温、气调等绿色储粮方式的实施。良好的仓房气密性也有利于抑制储粮害虫的孳生和繁殖,降低化学药剂对粮食的污染。     

立筒仓功能转型升级改造探索

通过对作为中转暂存的立筒仓进行硬件设施性能提升改造,使之达到气调储备仓的性能,并应用富氮气调绿色储粮技术,确保储粮安全,达到长期储存的目的。     

高大平房仓提高气密性关键节点探讨

正气调储粮是一种安全、绿色、环保的储粮技术,满足节能减排工作的要求。氮气气调储粮杀虫效果与仓房的气密性、氮气浓度及维持时间密切相关,仓房的气密性越好,氮气浓度越高,维持时间越长,则杀虫效果越好。由此可见,良好的仓房气密性是充氮气调储粮的基础。如何提高气密性,找准提高气密性的关键节点,成为气调技术应用重中之重。提高气密性,必须在粮食入库前就对气密性的关键节点进行技术处理。     

充氮气调处理储粮局部初期发热

采用气调充氮低氧方法处理偏高水分玉米局部初期发热,试验结果表明,该方法可以制止发热进一步扩散和生霉。整仓充氮富氮低氧保管与处理储粮局部初期发热同时进行,可以有效降低发热处理成本。     

控温充氮气调杀虫应用试验

开展了稻谷控温气调杀虫应用试验,密闭气调40 d后达到了预期的杀虫效果,气调后9个月未在仓内检测到害虫.气调吨粮能耗为0.53 kW/t,降低了劳动强度,无毒副作用,性价比优于磷化氢熏蒸.试验表明,气调杀虫成败的关键是仓房气密性、合理的充氮工艺及目标浓度密闭时间.同时,控温气调对保持粮食品质、稳定粮情具有良好的作用,是一项值得广泛推广的绿色储粮技术.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.