高大平房仓空调控温结合氮气气调对小麦品质的影响

对4个高大平房仓储粮小麦在度夏期间进行空调控温。在此基础上选取2个仓进行氮气气调，研究了单独空调控温以及空调控温结合氮气气调储粮过程中小麦的品质变化情况。研究结果表明：仅单独空调控温时，随着储藏时间的增加，小麦的害虫数量不断增加，而小麦的害虫数量在氮气气调后则开始呈现显著降低的趋势；两种储粮方式下小麦的水分含量、容重和面筋吸水率均随着储藏时间的增加而降低，其中氮气气调的小麦水分含量、容重和面筋吸水率降低程度稍低于仅空调控温的小麦；小麦的色泽、气味和呕吐毒素含量在储藏期间未发现明显改变，表明应用氮气气调未对其产生显著影响。     

不同温度条件下氮气气调储粮对玉米脂肪酸值的影响

通过对不同水分的玉米(13.2%和14.0%)在3种不同温度(20℃、25℃和30℃)条件下,进行持续充氮气调储藏、交替充氮气调储藏和常规储藏18个月,研究不同氮气气调浓度(90%、95%和98%)对玉米脂肪酸值的影响。结果表明:在20℃～30℃的条件下,维持90%以上或交替充氮的氮气气调方式都可以延缓玉米脂肪酸的增加;交替充氮延缓玉米脂肪酸增加的效果没有连续维持的效果好;氮气气调储藏启封后,玉米的脂肪酸值不会发生影响。可为粮库根据不同水分的玉米,需要控制的脂肪酸值增加值来选择合适的储藏方式(控温、充氮方式等)提供基础数据。     

浅圆仓膜下氮气气调膜上控温储粮试验

通过改造浅圆仓测温电缆,实现了浅圆仓膜下充氮气调和膜上中央空调控温,提高了卸粮口、大门口、通风口等死角的害虫致死率。将浅圆仓氮气气调杀虫与控温储粮相结合,实现了储粮安全度夏。     

浅圆仓承压式粮仓专用空调控温储粮试验

针对浅圆仓家用分体壁挂式空调应用过程中存在安全隐患多的问题,开展浅圆仓粮仓专用空调应用试验,对比控温效果、控温能耗、建设成本等数据,结果表明粮仓专用空调在浅圆仓控温储粮中的应用效果更好,更适用于气调储粮的要求.     

高温高湿地区膜下空调内环流试验研究

采用膜下空调内环流方式,综合运用空调控温、内环流和氮气气调三项储粮技术,研究膜下空调内环流在高温高湿地区应用的可行性。结果表明,膜下空调内环流具有良好的控表层粮温、均温、均湿、均氮、延缓粮食品质劣变和节能减排效果,绿色安全储粮效果良好,经济效益显著,是一项可在南方高温高湿地区推广应用的绿色储粮技术。     

南方立筒仓应用移动空调控温储存玉米研究

对立筒仓的玉米应用移动空调进行控温储存试验,试验表明通过空调间歇性控温能确保玉米安全度夏储存安全,降低粮食保管费用。     

东南沿海地区浅圆仓进口大豆控温气调试验

针对东南沿海地区高温高湿的气候特点及气调时无法控温的问题,通过粮仓专用空调改造,实现气调和控温的综合应用,延缓了整仓粮温及表层粮温上升幅度,延长了气调周期,杀虫和节能降耗取得良好效果.该项试验对东南沿海地区浅圆仓进口大豆的安全储藏有重要的参考意义.     

华南地区浅圆仓玉米氮气气调储藏试验研究

华南地区浅圆仓储藏玉米存在害虫危害、局部发热、脂肪酸值变化快的问题,2008年采用氮气气调控温储藏,应用试验结果表明,在度夏期间长期维持氮气浓度97%以上的情况下,害虫防治效果较好、品质保持效果良好、粮食微生物受到较好的抑制、局部发热得到了明显的控制,不仅运行成本与采用谷物冷却技术相当,而且降低了保管员的劳动强度,避免了保管员接触储粮化学药剂,综合效益显著。     

华南地区玉米保质减损技术集成应用试验

玉米耐储性较差,特别是在高温高湿地区,储藏度夏期间异常粮情时有发生,品质变化快,水分减量大。根据华南惠州地区的储粮生态特点和本库的设施设备条件,综合应用冬季缓速通风降温、春季压盖隔热、夏季空调控温与氮气气调等多项技术优化组合,通过多技术协同效应,经济、有效地控制了仓温和粮温,延缓了玉米品质变化速度,减少了水分损耗,科技保粮优质创效明显。     

浅圆仓空调控温试验

通过对浅圆仓安装2P、3P、6P空调,在氮气气调低氧条件下进行控温效果对比试验,发现在同样的仓房条件及相近的天气情况下,制冷量越大,降温效率越高。6P空调对仓温的控制效果最好,有效控制天数均在80%以上,而2P空调几乎无法有效控制仓温,3P空调有效控制天数只达到一半。针对南方高温高湿的广东地区,夏季高温天气持续较长,仅6P空调才能满足实际需求。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.