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欧洲实践证明, 有效制定和实施林业政策能够推动城市林业的发展, 从而有效改善城市人居环境和促进居民身心健康。文中在收集关于中国和欧洲城市林业方面的文献以及对中国和欧洲进行城市林业实地考察的基础上, 对中国和欧洲城市林业政策与规划、城市林业管理手段、发展城市林业的工作方法进行了比较, 目的是吸收欧洲在城市林业政策制定和实施过程中的先进经验和最佳实践, 提高中国城市林业的政府决策者、管理人员、研究人员、利益相关者和社区在城市林业政策制定和实施方面的知识和能力, 改善中国城市和城市周边地区的环境质量, 最大限度发挥城市林业促进居民身心健康和福祉的作用。 相似文献
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研究不同温度梯度(0℃、5℃和10℃)及不同处理时间(10d、20d和30d)对缬草种子萌发及过氧化物酶和淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明:5℃30d条件下发芽率为39.7%,且种子中过氧化物酶和淀粉酶活性最高;0℃10d和0℃20d条件下发芽率仅分别为13.3%和19.3%,种子中过氧化物酶和淀粉酶酶相对较低。在同等低温条件下,种子的发芽率和发芽势随着处理时间的延长而增高,过氧化物酶和淀粉酶的活性也越高。低温处理能有效的提高缬草种子的发芽率和发芽势,不同处理会造成缬草种子发芽指标和酶活性的差异。 相似文献
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实施林业分类经营就是遵循现代林业思想,根据社会对生态和经济的要求,按照对森林多种功能和主导利用的不同,将林业划分为以发挥生态效益和社会效益为主的公益林和以发挥经济效益为主的商品林,并按照各自特点和规律,建立相应的管理体制、经营机制、投入机制和发展模式,逐步建立起比较完备的林业生态体系和林业产业体系,使森林的生态效益和经济效益得到整体发挥,促进人与自然的和谐。 相似文献
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随着经济发展和社会进步,人类对于森林的认识不断深化,人类保护和利用森林的方式不断创新。近年来,森林在全球经济社会发展和生态环境保护中的地位和作用日益突出和增强。 相似文献
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新疆荒漠化和沙化状况公报 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《新疆林业》2011,(5):6-7
新疆是我国荒漠化和沙化面积最大、分布最广、风沙危害最严重的省区,其荒漠化和沙化问题在中国乃至世界,都具有典型性和代表性。新疆的土地荒漠化和沙化已严重影响到全区各族人民的生存、生活及社会的稳定、发展,成为制约新疆跨越式发展和长治久安的主要瓶颈之一。防治荒漠化和沙化在新疆迫在眉睫,刻不容缓。为准确掌握全区荒漠化和沙化土地的现状及动态变化趋势, 相似文献
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在深入调研、反复论证的基础上,确定了灾后林木剩余物不同立地条件下高效收集处理技术工艺流程,制订了符合我国国情、切实可行的技术路线。 相似文献
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研究了兴安落叶松树皮栲胶废渣中木质素磺酸盐(LS)的混凝土应用性能、表面活性和分散性能。结果表明:树皮LS较木材LS具有更好的混凝土应用性能,且具有显著的表面活性,分散性能优越。其中,树皮LS对水泥的净浆流动度高于木材LS 98.1%,流动度损失在60 m in之后只有5.6%;起泡力比木材LS低46.4%;树皮LS 1%水溶液的表面张力为48.1 mN/m;树皮LS的CMC、σCMC分别为0.245%和54.5 mN/m。同时,比较了树皮LS与木材LS的结构特性。结果表明:树皮LS具有优良的应用性能是由于其具有较高的亲水基团含量,并且相对分子质量(Mr)分布比较均一。 相似文献
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Effects of phosphoric acid on liquefaction of wood in phenol and optimum liquefaction processing parameters 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
ZhangQiuhui ZhaoGuangjie JieShujun 《中国林学(英文版)》2004,6(3):50-54
To clarify the influencing factors of liquefaction of wood in phenol using phosphoric acid as a catalyst and get its liquefaction technology, a study on the liquefaction technology of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and poplar (triploid Populus tomentosa Carr) under different conditions was conducted. The results indicate that the residue rate decreases with the increase of liquefaction temperature, liquefaction time, catalyst content or liquid ratio. It is also found that the optimum condition of liquefaction for poplar is estimated as: the reaction temperature of 180 ℃, the reaction time of 2.5 h, liquid ratio (phenol/wood ratio)of 4.5 and catalyst content of 8%, and 4.2% residue rate could be obtained. Under the processing parameters of temperature 180 ℃, the reaction time of 2.5 h, liquid ratio (phenol/wood ratio) of 4 and catalyst content of 10%, the residue rate of Chinese fir can reach 5.6%. 相似文献
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不同覆盖模式对毛竹林出笋的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对毛竹林开展传统促笋覆盖(糠壳+鸡粪+稻草,记作F1),两种新型覆盖(糠壳+鸡粪+高粱秆、竹酒糟+鸡粪+高粱秆,分别记作F2和F3),以及不覆盖(对照,F0)的对比试验,分析了相应的发笋历程、笋体大小及单位面积产量和产值,结果表明:1)3种覆盖模式不同程度地促进了毛竹笋早出,F2和F3模式效果好于F1,3者在3月20日前出笋的比例分别较对照多出约20%、18%和4.5%;2)就同期笋高而言,仅F2、F3显著大于对照,F1的影响不明显,但3种模式均显著地增加了毛竹笋基径;3)尽管F1对笋早出和个体大小的促进作用不突出,单位面积出笋数量却远较其他模式大。毛竹林采用F1、F2和F3模式后,笋产量分别可达对照的2.5倍、1.9倍和1.6倍,收益则分别为对照的2.5倍、2.2倍和1.8倍。建议在山区毛竹林笋用经营中,就地取用农林废料实施覆盖是可行的,既节约成本和增加收益,又利于资源的循环利用。 相似文献
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Sam Riffell Jake VerschuylDarren Miller T. Bently Wigley 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(4):878-887
Forest harvest operations often produce large amounts of harvest residue which typically becomes fine (foliage, small limbs and trees) and coarse woody debris (snags and downed logs). If removed at harvest, residual biomass has potential to be a local energy source and to produce marketable biofuel feedstock. But, CWD in particular serves critical life-history functions (e.g., breeding, foraging, basking) for a variety of organisms. Unfortunately, little is known about how forest biodiversity would respond to large scale removal of harvest residues. We calculated 745 biodiversity effect sizes from 26 studies involving manipulations of CWD (i.e., removed or added downed woody debris and/or snags). Diversity and abundance of both cavity- and open-nesting birds were substantially and consistently lower in treatments with lower amounts of downed CWD and/or standing snags, as was biomass of invertebrates. However, cumulative effect sizes for other taxa were not as large, were based on fewer studies, and varied among manipulation types. Little is currently known about biodiversity response to harvest of fine woody debris. Predicting the effects of biomass harvests on forest biodiversity is uncertain at best until more is known about how operational harvests actually change fine and coarse woody debris levels over long time periods. Pilot biomass harvests report post-harvest changes in CWD levels much smaller than the experimental changes involved in the studies we analyzed. Thus, operational biomass harvests may not change CWD levels enough to appreciably influence forest biodiversity, especially when following biomass harvest guidelines that require leaving a portion of harvest residues. Multi-scale studies can help reduce this uncertainty by investigating how biodiversity responses scale from the small scale of manipulative experiments (i.e., 10-ha plots) to operational forest management and how biodiversity response to CWD levels might vary at different spatial and temporal scales and in different landscape contexts. 相似文献
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农作物秸秆人造板开发现状、难点、风险和建议 总被引:28,自引:7,他引:28
围绕实施天然林保护工程以后,我国人造板工业原料供应的具体情况,就开发农作物秸秆人造板介绍了国内外现状,分析了技术难点,探讨了投资风险,提出了改革建议。文章认为,应当实事求是地面对开发秸秆人造板的有利和不利条件,脚踏实地解决好技术、市场和应用等问题。 相似文献