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为了解茶刺蛾核型多角体病毒(Iragoides fasciata nucleopolyhedrovirus IrfaNPV)的增殖特性、指导茶刺蛾病毒的生产,采用室内活体增殖法,测定了IrfaNPV多角体在茶刺蛾幼虫体内的增殖动态,并设计了工艺流程,进行了大量繁殖生产试验。结果显示,IrfaNPV多角体在虫体内的增殖动态符合Logistic曲线,饲毒后9~12d为病毒快速增殖期。按设计的生产工艺进行病毒大量繁殖生产,虫尸中病毒多角体平均可达8.3×108 PIB/头,茧中病毒多角体含量平均为6.4×108 PIB/头。该工艺可用于今后茶刺蛾病毒的大量生产。 相似文献
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用生物测定的方法,研究了茶毛虫核型多角体病毒(EpNPV)与苏云金杆菌(Bt)配制而成的茶毛虫核型多角体病毒Bt混剂(EpNPV-Bt)的增效作用、速效作用、拒食作用和兼治作用。结果表明,在16~28℃温度范围内,EpNPV-Bt对茶毛虫的作用在整个死亡周期表现为相加作用,协同毒力指数主要分布在-20%~20%之间,其中16、19、28℃的死亡前期表现为增效作用,协同毒力指数大于20%,22℃的死亡中期表现为拮抗作用,协同毒力指数小于-20%。EpNPV-Bt对茶毛虫LT30为5.6天,比EpNPV减少3.8天,幼虫的死亡速度提高了1.8倍。EpNPV-Bt对茶毛虫的拒食效果明显,取食量比EpNPV减少66.2%。EpNPV-Bt对茶刺蛾、用克尺蠖和茶尺蠖等茶树害虫具有兼治作用,其中对茶刺蛾的死亡率达85.8%。 相似文献
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桑褐刺蛾(Setora postornata Hampson)属鳞翅目刺蛾科。其幼虫为害栗、柿、核桃、梨、白杨和石榴等多种植物的叶。1982年秋,在泰安市下港公社上港和黄前一带发现桑褐刺蛾幼虫自然患病死亡,野外自然感病率高达70%以上。经分离鉴定是一种核型多角体病毒感染所致。本文着重报道该株病毒的分离和形态观察结果。 相似文献
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[目的]为验证并推广江南茶区多雨汛期天气适用的生物农药,实施茶园病虫害绿色防控技术,进行了4种杀虫剂对茶园尺蛾类害虫的田间药效试验.[方法]于尺蛾科害虫二、三代幼虫高峰期,设2.5%联苯菊酯乳油、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、100亿孢子/mL短稳杆菌、20亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Mamestra brassicae L.nuclear polyhedrosis virus,简称MbNPV)、清水对照5个处理,开展田间防效试验.[结果]药后3 d,2.5%联苯菊酯和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯速效性优于短稳杆菌和甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒.药后5~10 d,4种农药防效均达82.5%以上,化学农药灭杀性略高于生物农药.药后15 d,4种农药防效逐步降低,但生物农药持效期明显长于化学农药,表现出对害虫的持续控制.药后21 d,甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒对害虫密度仍有一定控制作用.[结论]本次试验期间,害虫处于二、三代幼虫叠加高峰期,南方阴雨连绵天气特征明显,短稳杆菌和甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒在药后5~15 d仍能表现出对害虫的持续控制力,对环境友好,对作物安全,可作为轮换或替代化学农药推广使用,是发展绿色有机茶园的重要选择. 相似文献
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为了阐明茶刺蛾(Iragoides fasciata Moore)幼虫的取食为害及生长发育特征,明确其防治适期和防治指标。通过室内饲养观察,测定了茶刺蛾各龄幼虫的取食量、体长、体宽及体重,按防治后挽回的损失与防治成本相等的方法估算了其在有机茶园的防治指标。结果表明整个幼虫期取食茶叶1.547 g/头,其中1~3龄的取食量极小,从4龄开始取食量逐渐增大,6、7龄的取食量分别占总取食量的19%和71.4%。幼虫体重随龄期增加而增长的趋势与取食量一致,从4龄起开始快速增长,至7龄时达到最高值0.167 g。为防止茶刺蛾暴发为害,应在取食量小的4龄前开展防治。有机茶园防治指标拟定为6头/m2。 相似文献
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为了解温度对茶刺蛾[Iragoides fasciata(Moore)]幼虫发育的影响,在20、24、26、28、30和32℃6种恒温条件下,测定了各龄幼虫的发育历期,计算发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明,20~30℃时幼虫发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;1~7龄幼虫和整个幼虫期的发育起点温度分别为17.0、5.1、11.3、11.8、11.6、10.3、10.0和10.8℃,有效积温分别为13.3、87.7、60.0、60.8、70.2、81.3、101.5和466.3日·度。 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献