农安县综合治理低产退化草场

吉林省农安县现有草原3.5万公顷,但由于载畜过量.致使牧草产量下降,质量变劣,草原盐碱化严重。为有效遏制草原无序经营,加快草原生产能力的恢复,1996年起,农安县畜牧局在黄金乡确立综合技术治理示范园区,进行各项技术处理。根据植被类型、土壤状况等特点,施行了深松补播200公顷、人工种草200公顷和自然封育266.7公顷的设计方案。经过近3年的艰苦努力和精心管护,草原植被普遍恢复,各项预定指标全面完成,为今后退化草原的改良治理和更新建设提供了依据。     

松土改良坝上退化羊草草场的研究

松土改良坝上退化羊草草场的研究吕进英，王昆，任永霞（河北省张家口农业高等专科学校０７５１３１）史有才，李茂林（河北省康保县畜牧局）坝上位于河北省的西北部，属于内蒙古高原的东南舌状延伸部分。近年来由于长期的不合理利用，草场退化严重，而以羊草建群或占优势...     

达尔罕茂明安联合旗退化天然草场松土围封效果分析

通过对达茂旗退化干草原草场和荒漠化草场进行草场松土和围封,结果表明,增加了土壤含水量,提高了植被高度,盖度,密度和生物量,种群优势度发生了明显变化,松土加围封效果要比单一松土或围封效果好,因而,起到了松土和围封的双重效果。     

建立人工草场适当推迟绵羊产春羔的可行性探讨

<正> 绵羊是一种短日照繁殖家畜。其繁殖季节是7月至次年3月。在我国北方地区,能不能产春羔呢,我们在山西省沁水示范牧场的实践认为,不但可行,而且很好。在人工草场上,不但羊群全年可以露天放牧和露天越冬,而且推迟1个月配种时间,实行露天产羔也获得满意的效果。 一、自然条件和草场状况 沁水示范牧场,在沁水县境西北部。海拔900—1200米。年平均降水量636毫米,集中在7、8、93个月。年平均气温10.5℃,极端最高气温37.8℃,极端最低气温-20℃,昼夜温差7°—10℃之间。无霜期190—210天。夏季较湿润,冬季干旱多风。为典型的大陆性气候。     

人工草场牧草混播方案(综述)

<正> 世界农业科学家,经过20多年的研究,对草地翻耕、土壤改良、施肥、灌溉和人工草场牧草混播方案进行了全面研究,积累丰富的经验,取得了良好的效果,现将人工草场牧草混播方案叙述如下,供草原、畜牧科技人员参考。 1.森林草原区在森林草原区建立人工草场通常采用以下的牧草混播方案为     

火—草场管理的一种工具

在我省松嫩草场上,春季进行火烧已成为群众广泛应用的一种经济而有效地草场改良措施。在齐市、大庆、安达等地几年的调查证明,火烧对草场有有利的一面,但也有不利的一面,一般情况下利大于弊。各地应有计划地合理地应用这一措施。一、有利方面1.有利打草打草场通过火烧后,可以烧掉枯草、老草以及地面覆盖物,使     

从草场承包到草场整合

介绍了从草场承包到草场整合的过程,并指出草场整合不是对草场承包的否定,而是在草场承包基础上的创新和发展.草场整合将对传统牧业生产方式现代化、牧区工业化和城镇化、草原生态保护和草场可持续利用产生积极的影响.对草场整合未来发展中可能面临的问题进行了分析和探讨.     

植被覆盖度对流域有机质和氮素径流流失的影响

以8.27km²纸坊沟流域1:400模型为对象,在人工控制的条件下,模拟天然降雨(降雨强度2mm/min,历时30min),研究不同植被覆盖度对小流域土壤氮素随径流流失的规律。结果表明,当覆盖度为60%、40%、20%和0%时,土壤铵态氮流失量为87.08、44.31、25.16和13.71kg/km²,硝态氮流失量为85.50、74.05、63.95和56.23kg/km²,有机质流失量为15.67、24.02、44.68和164.87t/km²,全氮流失量为0.81、1.18、1.98和7.5t/km²。泥沙氮素含量随着产流时间的延长呈下降趋势,而流失累积量测呈逐渐增大趋势。植被覆盖虽能有效地减少土壤侵蚀和全氮的流失,却能增加土壤矿质氮的流失。     

Preliminary investigation into the prevalence of mucormycosis in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in three catchments in north-west Tasmania

Objective To investigate the distribution and prevalence of mucormycosis in platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) from the Inglis, Emu and Black-Detention catchment areas in north-west Tasmania. Procedure A field study was performed and resulted in the examination of 44 wild platypuses; in addition, one dead platypus and two live platypuses were examined after they were independently submitted to a local veterinary clinic. Results No cases of mucormycosis were conclusively diagnosed. One platypus with signs consistent with those previously described in cases of mucormycosis was captured in the Emu River catchment. However, laboratory tests did not provide a definitive diagnosis for the lesion. Two platypuses from the Inglis catchment area had signs very similar to those previously described in cases of mucormycosis, but laboratory tests found Corynebacterium ulcerans to be the likely cause of the cutaneous ulcers on one of these platypuses and an unidentified fungal agent to be the cause of a cutaneous nodule in the other. Conclusions These findings do not prove that mucormycosis is absent from the populations studied. However, they may indicate that the prevalence of disease is low. The possibility that Mucor amphibiorum is present in a subclinical form in platypuses, or infecting another reservoir, is not excluded. The findings also suggest that caution should be exercised when diagnosing mucormycosis based on clinical findings alone and raise the possibility that some cases may have been incorrectly diagnosed.     

Distribution and status of the desert-dwelling giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) in northwestern Namibia

The population density and distribution of desert dwelling giraffes was estimated in three study areas in the Hoanib River catchment, northwestern Namibia. Giraffe population densities (0.01 giraffe/km²) were equal to the lowest recorded in Africa with population numbers fluctuating over past decades. Sex ratios, herd sizes and age categories differed between all the study areas, while a weak correlation (r² = 0.66, P < 0.001) in giraffe aggregation and the hot dry season was observed in the Ombonde River. Seasonal move ment and use of the riparian environments varied, with large fluctuations observed in the east of the catchment, while the hot dry season influx and use in the riparian woodland coincided with Faidherbia albida podding.     

人工汇集雨水与青海东部农业发展

介绍雨水汇集系统在干旱半干旱山区有限的水资源条件下的作用 ,并阐述人工汇集雨水的方法和集水农业的特点。指出青海东部利用天然雨水资源 ,是发展农业 ,进行生态建设的根本途径     

祁连圆柏造林技术试验研究

开展了不同整地方式、苗木类型和处理措施对祁连圆柏人工造林效果影响的对比试验.试验结果表明,采用水平沟集流整地、容器苗及选用生根粉和生根保水剂造林能显著提高祁连圆柏的成活率、保存率和生长量,造林效果好.     

地表覆盖对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区人工草地水分利用的影响

以陕西省神木县六道沟小流域为研究区域,对不同覆盖处理下的紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤温度和土壤水分以及苜蓿的水分利用效率进行研究,探讨了黄土高原北部紫花苜蓿人工草地的水分消耗过程。结果表明,地表覆盖可以显著降低土壤0-6cm表层温度;同时覆盖可以增加浅层土壤水分含量,不同覆盖方式下土壤深层水分含量没有明显差异;覆盖处理下的苜蓿产量及水分利用效率均高于对照处理,说明苜蓿株间覆盖可以提高苜蓿产量以及苜蓿的水分利用效率,覆盖可以作为该区牧草地提高生产力的有效方法。     

集雨补灌对粮饲兼用玉米的产量及生理效应研究

试验结果表明，陇中旱地集雨补藻能明显提高饲兼用玉米的水分利用效率，且对产量具有补偿效应，其效应大小为：大喇叭口期＋拨节期＞拔节期，高水补灌优于低水补灌。相关分析表明，补灌条件下粮饲兼用玉米增产，主要原因是增加了穗长和穗粗，提高了穗重和粒重，减小秃顶；补灌改善了玉米叶片的生理活性，叶绿素含量提高，单叶光合速率增加；产量与叶绿素含量、光合速率呈正相关。     

The contribution and direct-use value of livestock to rural livelihoods in the Sand River catchment,South Africa

The productive functions of livestock ownership in communal areas are multipurpose in character, comprising a mix of stock types and a range of goods and services used. When all these multiple uses are accounted for, the cash and direct-use returns of livestock in communal areas can be comparable to commercial systems, although temporally and spatially variable. Yet previous work has generally excluded small stock from such analyses, as well as benefits and costs to non-owning households. This paper presents empirical results of a study in the Sand River catchment, assessing the benefits and costs accruing to owners and non-owners for both cattle and goats within a livelihoods analysis framework. Results indicate that cattle are used for a greater variety of goods and services than are goats. The savings value represented the most important function, followed by milk and then manure. Even if savings value was excluded, cattle ownership made a significant contribution to local livelihoods. Goats also provided a net positive benefit, represented largely by the savings value, followed by meat and cash sales. Non-owners also benefited through donations of manure, milk, draught and meat for free, or at a cheaper rate than alternatives. The majority of non-owners aspired to livestock ownership, although the risk of theft of animals was of growing concern. Averaged across the whole catchment, the net value of goods and services from livestock was just over R400 per hectare, with an annual return to capital of 36%. Cattle contributed the bulk of the value by virtue of their greater numbers and larger size, but on a per kilogramme basis goats provided higher value. Many of the goods and services obtained from livestock were not enumerated in regional or national economic statistics.     

社会资本对牧户参与草原生态治理意愿的影响——以甘南州黄河水源补给区为例

甘南黄河水源补给区是典型的生态系统脆弱区,其生态安全对黄河流域乃至全国生态安全具有重要的战略意义.牧户的主动参与和有力监督是草原生态保护的基础,基于188户牧户调研数据,运用双栏模型分析了社会资本对牧户参与草原生态治理意愿的影响,结果表明:1)牧户具有较高的草原生态治理参与意愿,但因"搭便车"心理,内在意愿转变为外在行...     

Mineral deficiency status of ranging zebu (Bos indicus) cattle around the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Mineral deficiencies in cattle, widespread in East Africa, impair optimal health and production and consequently place a great burden on the farmers' income. Therefore, detection of shortages and imbalances of specific minerals is essential. Our objective was to evaluate the mineral status of grazing cattle around the Gilgel Gibe catchment in Ethiopia and associated factors. In study I, individual animal plasma and herd faecal Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations were determined in adult zebu cattle (Bos indicus; n?=?90) grazing at three altitudes around the catchment, whilst recording body condition score and sex. In study II, liver samples of adult male zebu cattle (n?=?53) were analysed for Cu, Zn, Fe, Se and Mo concentrations and inspected for parasitic infections. Plasma and liver analyses revealed a Cu deficiency problem in the area, since 68 and 47 % of cattle, respectively, were Cu deprived according to diagnostic criteria for Bos taurus cattle. High hepatic Mo concentrations in 17 % of cases might reflect excessive dietary Mo intake. Liver Se and plasma Na concentrations were too low in 92 and 80 % of cattle. Plasma Mn concentrations were largely below the detection limit. Plasma Cu as well as Ca concentrations were lower in the lowest altitude compared to the highest altitude group (P?<?0.05), whereas lean to medium cattle had lower plasma Cu concentrations (P?<?0.05). No differences in hepatic mineral concentrations were detected between cattle with different types of parasitic infection. In conclusion, bovine mineral deficiencies were present in the Gilgel Gibe area and were associated with grazing altitude and body condition score.