Functions and Plant Configuration of Wuhan Jiangtan Park

With the rapid development of social economy, and constant improvement of living standards, modern people have had higher requirements on neighboring environment. Park green space is an important component of urban ecosystem, it improves quality of urban ecological environment, reduces urban heat island effect, and beautifies city environment. By studying plant configuration in Jiangtan Park, Hankou District, Wuhan City, functional areas were regarded as a whole to collect data, AHP was applied to investigate the sample plots, garden plant landscape evaluation system was established, and landscapes in all units were evaluated. From the perspectives of site type, functional area, plant configuration, landscape composition, this paper analyzed site conditions of Jiangtan Park, provided scientific theoretic support and case reference for the plant configuration of park green spaces, which would play an extremely important role in improving urban ecological environment and enhancing urban landscape effect.     

Simple Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Chongqing

There are a series of city environmental problems especially in the mountain city along with the city fast development. In recent decade, many scholars have studied the urban heat island, the urban temperature, the urban wind field, the precipitation and the urban visibility etc. But the urban thermal environment has not been settled radically. All the measures have not been used in the practice. And the researches in thermal environment of the mountain cities are very few. So the authors consider Chongqing as the researching object. Chongqing is one of the typical mountain cities in the semi-tropical. Sequentially we find out the characteristic of the thermal environment in the mountain city. Further the authors seek for the measures to plan and build ecological city. They conclude that CFD can be used in the simulation of urban environment, and use the result of simulation in urban planning is possible. The thermal environment in the center of Chongqing needs to be improved.     

Seasonal Characteristics of Thermal Environment in Urban Public Space of the Urban in Hot-summer and Cold-winter Region

Thermal environment in urban public space is considered as an important factor affecting thermal comfort of human beings. In the whole year, thermal environment in public space of the city in hot-summer and cold-winter zone changes dramatically, which has an effect on human thermal comfort. In this study, three typical public spaces including street, park and square of Changsha were selected for a long-term experiment of thermal environment. Based on the analysis of four significant thermal environment parameters-air temperature, relative humidity, global temperature and wind speed, seasonal characteristics of thermal environment in urban public space were obtained. The results show that the characteristics of urban thermal environment are determined by natural climate, while the physical structure of a city has essential impact on the changes of local outdoor thermal environment. Affected by plants (trees) and water (Xiangjiang river) air temperature of the street along the street is much lower, relative humidity is higher and solar radiation is weaker in most of the year. Compared to the street along the river, air temperature of the square is higher and solar radiation is stronger.     

Study on Urban Quality Assessment Index System of Waterfront Landscapes

Urban waterfront space as an essential part of urban landscape belt refl ects unique city images and cultures, and it is an important region for urban leisure activities. With the promotion of new urbanization, population explosion has had new requirements on existing waterfront landscape spaces. Accurate assessment of the quality of waterfront landscaping scheme is the premise and basis of building high-quality landscapes. This paper, on the basis of landscape trialism, landscape assessment standards from the perspectives of landscape environment, landscape aesthetics, and landscape function, elaborated the relationship among the three aspects, proposed the basic framework for the quality assessment of urban waterfront landscapes, and refi ned the control factors, summarized the specific assessment factors, in order to establish an index system fit for the quality asssessment of urban waterfront landscapes, and provide references for urban waterfront landscaping in China.     

山地城市热环境及其聚落特征的关联分析

以重庆主城区为研究对象,利用Landsat 8传感器OLI和TIRS获取的遥感影像为数据源,进行城市聚落特征包括地形特征、土地利用等与地表温度的差异性分析。结果表明：城市的热环境空间分布差异较大,海拔高度对温度的影响强于地形起伏度;（NDVI、NDBI、MNDWI等）和地表温度的相关关系呈分段线性关系;不同土地利用类型的热强度和热变异程度差异明显,建设用地的温度最高且斑块温度间的变异性最强,虽然水体的平均温度最低,但斑块温度间的变异性却较高;从格网分析的结果可以看出,格网内部水体的“冷岛效应”明显、建设用地的“热岛效应”显著,耕地与自然植被面积的增加使得各空间格网温度更趋向于稳定。     

Load dynamic matching of supply and demand side based on the utilization of urban sewage heat energy

Flowing dynamic characteristics and its temperature dynamic characteristics of a three-level sewage pipe network in Chongqing were analyzed. A mall's building whole year load was simulated. In the adverse condition of wastewater flow, the market construction peak discharge heat was compared with the sewage heat load, the balance between the most adverse flow and the building demand was found. Explored supply and demand matching method between urban sewage and city building load in flow adverse condition to take full advantage of the urban sewage cold and hot resources. the composite system was adeptcd to make up the most unfavorable flow time of sewage average heat load and the construction load difference; it also puts forward principle of load sharing and control strategy aimed at compound system.     

冰袋预冷对辣椒贮藏品质的影响

为了解冰袋预冷对辣椒贮藏品质的影响,以‘中椒107’品种为实验材料,分别在环境温度为25℃和29℃左右时采收辣椒,以辣椒质量的10%、20%、30%和40%的冰袋用量对辣椒进行预冷处理,以不用冰袋作为对照,然后放到10℃冷库中贮藏。结果表明,冰袋在辣椒预冷中有较好的降温作用。环境温度约为25℃时,冰袋预冷处理对提高辣椒的贮藏品质没有显著作用。环境温度约为29℃时,预冷冰袋的适宜用量为辣椒质量的10%。在贮藏后期的失重率和腐烂率明显下降,商品率显著提高,保持了较高的总糖、可溶性蛋白质和维生素C等营养成份的含量。贮藏结束时,与CK相比,腐烂率降低了57.6%,商品率提高了44.6%,含糖量提高了10.4%。     

城市热岛效应对平均气温序列的影响——以淮河中游县级城镇为例

为了充分考虑县级城市热岛效应对台站气温序列资料的影响,选取位于淮河中游的不发达县级城镇的台站进行分析,将霍邱国家一般气象站、寿县国家基准气候站（参照站）作为研究对象,基于1965—2010年的平均气温观测资料,采用线性拟合、累积距平等方法,分析了城市热岛效应对霍邱站平均气温序列的影响。结果表明,霍邱站气温资料从1994年开始明显受城市化进程影响。霍邱站1995—2010年热岛效应值介于0.30℃~0.97℃之间;热岛效应强度随年代的推后而呈增强的趋势,并呈现出季节性变化：春季最强盛,秋季次之,冬夏2季最弱。因此,城市热岛效应对淮河中游的县级城市气温序列的影响不容小视。     

Evolution and Simulation of Spatial-temporal Heterogeneities in Ecological Background Quality of Changsha City

By GIS and ENVI,TM/ETM remote sensing images of five districts(Yuelu District,Furong District,Yuhua District,Tianxin District and Kaifu District) in Changsha City center in 2005,2010 and 2015 were interpreted.Moreover,distribution chart for ecological background factors in 2020 was simulated by using CA-Markov module in IDRISI.Using principal component analysis,evaluation model for ecological background quality of the city was established.Via circle analysi s,GS+semi variance function analysis,hot spot area analysis and grey correlation analysis,integrated analysis and evaluation on spatial heterogeneity evolution of ecological background quality in research region were conducted.Results showed that firstly Changsha overall has formed ecological pattern of landscape island city,but ecological background started to show the evolution trend of high heterogeneity and fragmentation under the construction land expansion,and ecological background quality of the city declined from 0.300,6 to 0.257,1 during 2005-2020.Secondly,ecological background quality of Changsha City had typical circle and axial gradient structure,and "eco tone" had the most violent evolution.Thirdly,spatial structure of ecological background quality had region,time and direction heterogeneities,and spatial heterogeneity of region was the most important.Fourthly,hot spot area distribution of ecological background quality evolution showed the "frog jump" trend of gathering in marginal zone and diffusing to peripheral zone.Fifthly,in driving factors of ecological background quality,industrialization rate had the highest grey correlation degree(0.842,1),and grey absolute correlation degree between ecological background quality in Yuelu District and industrialization rate was the highest(0.603,1).     

Evaluation of Urban Development Quality Based on the Connotation of High-Quality Development: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

In this paper, based on the interpretation of the connotation of high-quality development, an urban development quality evaluation index system was established from six aspects of economic strength, the level of science and education, government management, resources and environment, the level of openness, and infrastructure, the entropy method and cluster analysis were used to conduct an empirical analysis of the quality of urban development in Guangdong Province, and relevant suggestions were proposed accordingly. The results showed that:(1) the level of science and education was the most important factor affecting the quality of urban development in Guangdong Province;(2) the quality of urban development in Guangdong Province was extremely uncoordinated;(3) cities with stronger economic strength had lower resource and environment evaluation;(4) cities of Guangdong Province could be divided into three categories: cities in a quality optimization stage, cities in a quality improvement stage, and cities in a quality lagging stage that could be further divided into three categories.     

GARDEN CITY,GREEN CORE CITY AND ECOLOGICAL CITY

Starting from the fact of contemporary urban problemsexsiting universally,this paper traces back and analyses the theoreticalpoints of green city and its widespread and profound influence.Thispaper also expounds its benefit and enlightenment to us.To relax thesevere urban ecological and environmental problems,the author,consci-entiously drawing some modern urban planning thoughts such as gardencity,organic dispersion and systematical coordination and based on thepractice in the over all planning of Leshan city,presents a new conceptof green core city aiming to combine overall city planning with ecologyplanning and layout structure with improving urban living quality bylaying the city in several natural ecological circles.It will creat a higher urban living environmental quality.To satisfy demand of contemporarycities on a higher stage of development for environmental quality,it isnecessary to achieve the developmental goal of ecological city.This paperstates this point of veiws on the meaning and basic requirements for anecological city and stresses that it is important to raise the view ofunifying economical and social benefits with ecology and environment inurban planning and construction.     

基于WRF的城市热岛效应高分辨率评估方法

为解决城市总规尺度气候评估工具缺乏的问题,分析了不同气候评估方法的特点和应用范围,研究了气象学工具WRF在城市热岛效应评估中的应用方法及有效性。建立了针对城市总规尺度的高精度城市规划信息数据库、气象数据库生成WRF模拟边界的方法;明确了高精度城市热岛效应模拟所需的WRF物理方案。以沿海城市大连夏季典型晴朗高温天气为例,利用WRF模型进行了300 m的高分辨率模拟。结果表明,WRF可以较好地模拟出城市热岛效应的强度和时空变化;将模拟结果与气象站和现场观测值进行了对比,两者变化趋势一致,偏差在可接受的范围之内。     

吸氧包装材料对橙汁品质影响的研究

以吸氧薄膜作为橙汁的包装材料,在室温条件下贮存,研究了贮存期内橙汁理化和感官品质指标的变化。结果表明,经5周贮存后,吸氧薄膜包装袋内的橙汁VC含量、可溶性固形物含量、pH值均高于对照组;褐变指数明显低于对照组;感官品质指标评价也好于对照组。这表明吸氧薄膜可以有效清除包装顶空内氧气,阻隔外界氧的进入,在包装内形成低氧环境;减缓了橙汁中VC、糖类的降解;延缓了橙汁的褐变,有效地抑制了橙汁感官品质的下降;有利于延长货架期。     

Defensible Space and Urban Public Environment Design

The significance of urban public environment doesn't consist only in meeting the demands of certain function. The public environment of a city can also be its important part through supporting and stimulating significant urban public behavior. From four main aspects of the theory of defensible space, the authors discussed how to establish good relationship between public environment and public life in the city; meanwhile, the authors provide some proposals and ways to enhance the quality of public environment of a city.     

宜居城市的主成分分析与评价——以重庆市主城九区为例

城市宜居性是当前国际国内城市居民和政府都密切关注的焦点问题,本文运用主成分分析法,从重庆市主城九区的城市经济水平、城市环境状况、城市居住状况、城市保障状况以及生活便捷程度等方面对其宜居性进行评价与分析,找出各自适合的发展建设方向,从而为重庆市的宜居性建设提供一定的发展方向。     

软包装笋热杀菌工艺研究

对软包装笋热杀菌工艺进行了研究。以菌落总数作为评价指标,选择料液比(m笋∶V臭氧水)、臭氧水浓度、处理时间进行单因素试验和正交试验。结果表明,当料液比为1∶8,臭氧水质量分数为4 mg/kg,处理时间为5 min时,减菌化效果最佳;以菌落总数作为评价指标,选择杀菌温度、升温时间、恒温时间进行单因素试验和正交试验。结果表明,当杀菌温度为110℃,升温时间为4 min,恒温时间为15 min时,常压热水喷淋杀菌效果最佳。通过比较该工艺与传统工艺在杀菌后产品的色泽、组织形态和风味,表明采用该工艺灭菌的软包装笋在品质方面均优于传统工艺。     

我国35个大中城市建设用地结构与空气质量的典型相关分析

[目的]研究选取中国35个大中城市作为样本城市，评价了样本城市2016年空气质量和城市建设用地结构特征，[方法]利用典型相关分析方法分析城市建设用地结构与空气质量之间的关系，为合理安排城市用地结构、改善空气质量、提高城市人居环境质量提供科学依据。[结果](1)研究期间样本城市空气质量地域差异明显，空气污染较重的城市主要集中在华北地区、西北地区，东南沿海城市空气质量较好，京津冀地区空气污染问题较为严重，空气质量指数（AQI）、PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2年均浓度呈现出：北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市。(2)研究期间样本城市建设用地结构存在一定差异，居住用地和工矿仓储用地占城市建设用地总面积的比例在49%~58%之间。北方、南方城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在绿地与广场用地比例，沿海、内陆城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在公共管理与公共服务用地、工矿仓储用地和绿地与广场用地的比例。城市建设用地结构信息熵平均值呈现出北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市的特征。(3)典型相关分析结果表明，样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。不同的区域空气污染物不同，影响空气污染物浓度的建设用地结构因子也不同。从整体上，居住用地与商业服务业设施用地与SO2呈负相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关；从区域上，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与PM2.5呈正相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与SO2呈负相关。[结论]样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。     

Tropical and Subtropical Urban Landscape Plant Cultivation in Southwest China—A Case Study of Honghe Hani and Yi Nationality Autonomous Prefecture

By studying current seedling production in Honghe Hani and Yi Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, tropical and subtropical urban landscape plant production in southwest China was analyzed. Local nurseries total 6.40 km 2 , accounting for 5.1% of total constructed land area in the prefecture, and only 0.02% of the total land area in the prefecture. Application of local plant species in landscape engineering and green coverage ratio lags far behind the indexes of Chinese livable city and indexes of relieving urban heat island effect. By making proper policies and measures, seedling production can be promoted, rare and endanged wild plant species should be fully used to construct garden city, control PM2.5 and protect the living environment.     

干燥工艺对鱿鱼干燥效果和品质的影响

采用4种干燥工艺干制鱿鱼,结合鱿鱼的干燥曲线、干燥时间、最终水分含量和设备的单位能耗除湿量,评价干燥效果;同时测定鱿鱼干的挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量,进行微观结构分析和感官评价,研究干燥工艺对鱿鱼干燥效果和品质的影响.结果表明:热泵干燥和真空冷冻干燥有利于抑制鱿鱼TVB-N值的增加,减少干燥过程中的肌纤维结构破坏,色泽变化较少;相比热风干燥,热泵干燥更节能,但两种低温干燥方式的干燥时间都比热风干燥时间长,样品香气不足,感官上存在不足.     

Study on Buildings Heat Reflection

With the acceleration of urbanization,our cities become hotter and hotter.A good control on the heat environment of buildings is useful to improve people's living standard.Considering the phenomenon of "urban heat island",this paper analyzed the influence of a building on other buildings and its surrounding environment due to its form,allocation and thermal character of building materials from the angle of heat reflection,and brought up a proposal to resolve this problem.It opens a new way to improve the thermal environment of a city.