小额信贷项目绩效研究

科技部农村技术开发中心与联合国开发计划署（UNDP）在中国科技扶贫领域已经进行了多年的合作,成功地实施了以“科技扶贫能力建设”为目标的小额信贷项目等多个扶贫发展项目。这些项目不仅实现了很好的经济效益,也取得了很好的社会效益,而且探索了多种基于中国国情的扶贫项目模式。尝试着评估了小额信贷项目的效绩,希望对于今后实施其他的扶贫发展项目、以至于对中国的扶贫事业和社会发展实践,能起到一定的理论意义和现实意义。     

烟台农科院农业科技旅游博览园建设初探

烟台农科院农业科技旅游博览园（简称“烟台农博园”）是山东烟台农科院创办的一处集农业科技推广、生态旅游、科普教育、休闲娱乐于一体的国家AAA级旅游景区,是“全国农村科普示范基地”和“烟台市青少年科普教育基地”,现已申报首批“全国农业旅游示范点”。烟台农博园是目前山东省唯一一处国家AAA级农业科技生态旅游景区。     

石家庄市果树科技发展战略研究

摘要: 深入分析了石家庄果树科技发展的趋势与现状,剖析了石家庄果树科技发展的现状和存在问题。从石家庄果树发展的战略思路出发,报告明确提出石家庄果树科技发展战略的指导思想,确定了未来农业科技发展的重点领域、重点技术,从解放思想,更新观念;加快改革,创新体制;优化生产布局,加大结构调整力度;加大科技投入,提高果品质量;优化资源配置,加强政府支持与调控等方面出发,提出了确保农业科技发展的保障策略。     

Distinct Design for Coastal Science and Technology Park

Under the impetus of China's urbanization and industry updates, the high-tech new towns (areas) are developing rapidly with an unprecedented scale. The areas which being rich in the natural environment resources, but weak in traffic up are also included in the urban construction lands, and often these urban construction lands is a new city or high-tech development zone of choice. In the city's character building and natural resource protection, the high-tech new town (area) has a lot of issues such as the popular gathering, environmental protection, investment and so on. In this paper, Yantai City of Shandong high-tech Development Zone, an instance of the urban design for the card, summary of the Binhai New Science and Technology Park development characteristics and design requirements, refining the design concept and strategy, shaping the features multi-purpose, rich in content, distinct features of the city park life designed to provide a reference for similar urban planning and design.     

从近十年国家科技奖看棉花科研进展

2001—2010年共有18项棉花科研成果获得国家级科技奖励,其中技术发明二等奖2项、科技进步二等奖16项。分析了获奖成果所在学科的进展,针对当前棉花科研现状,建议重视并加强棉花基础研究,提升棉花科技原始创新水平,为棉花应用研究拓展更宽的道路。     

Development of technopoles in China

Although limited technology transfer among countries has occurred in the past 15 years or so, industrialised countries are unwilling to transfer their state-of-the-art technologies to less developed countries, for both political and economic reasons. As a result, China decided to speed research and development of its own high technologies and commercialise them by establishing in the late 1980s 52 High and New Technology Industry Development Zones. Through these zones achievements of scientific research could be transformed into competitive commodities and a new generation of entrepreneurs and competent managers could be bred. While China’s high technology development zones were modelled on the general concept of technopole, they are not exact duplicates of any of the three types of technopole that have been developed in the Western industrialised countries; they have distinct Chinese characteristics. This study also found that contrary to the popular belief, the high technology zones in coastal provinces as a whole do not perform much better than those in interior provinces. Instead, the majority of the zones that are located in provincial capital cities exhibited above-average performance. This suggests that capital cities in interior provinces can compete well with coastal cities in development of high-tech industries.     

Institutions and local growth coalitions in China's urban land reform: The case of Hangzhou High‐Technology Zone

Abstract: China's urban land reform is a gradualist process of transforming a planned land allocation system to an open land market system, while the ownership of the land remains under the control of the state. This process defines the relationships between local government and emerging non‐public interest groups in the land development process. These issues can be most clearly seen in the State‐Approved Development Zones, where municipalities have been encouraged to promote economic development and test out land policy initiatives. Using the institutionalist and urban growth machine analytical approaches to land development processes, this study examines the operation of development processes and the role of local government and its relationship with other interest groups. By employing a case study research strategy, focused upon the Hangzhou High‐Technology Zone, the study uncovered a local government‐led growth coalition which featured participation by other interest groups and revealed the applicability and variations when applying two strands of theories to a socialist economy in transition. Besides the land reform policy implications drawn from the case study evidence, the study concludes that the presence of interest groups and the missing community organisations unique to China give new theoretical implications and that both theories work much better with the economic domain than with the political domain largely because of a lagged political reform.     

基于主成分分析法的国家农业科技园区综合效益的实证研究

为了准确地反映国家农业科技园区的综合效益,并对其实行实时监督与动态管理,指引其健康、科学地发展。笔者运用主成分分析的方法,将8大指标分为4个主成分进行分析。结果表明：安徽宿州、厦门同安、辽宁阜新、湖北武汉的国家农业科技园区的综合收益较高。而综合收益最差的是重庆璧山农业科技园区,其经济资源利用效率、生产能力、固定资产的利用效率和园区的盈利能力都不高,陕西榆林国家农业科技园区的综合得分也较低,其资金利用效果不是很好。本研究总结了国家农业科技园区的综合效益,并分析展望了国家农业科技园区研究的未来发展趋势。     

解决福建“三农”问题的新思路

解决“三农”问题,尊重农民利益是根本,谋求农民利益是核心,保护农民利益是职责,同时,三者是有机统一的整体。从历史、科学、现实;发展、协调、务实;法律、政策、组织等九个方面布列尊重、谋求、保护农民利益3×3方阵,比较全面地讨论了从农民利益问题的着手推进“三农”问题解决进程的想法。     

《作物学报》简介

《作物学报》是中国科协主管,中国作物学会、中国农业科学院作物科学研究所和中国科技出版传媒股份有限公司共同主办的学术期刊。前身可追溯到1919年1月创办的《中华农学会丛刊》,1962年改为现名《作物学报》。主要刊登农作物遗传育种、耕作栽培、生理生化、生态、种质资源、谷物化学、贮藏加工以及与农作物有关的生物技术、生物数学、生物物理、农业气象等领域以第一手资料撰写的学术论文、研究报告、简报以及专题综述、评述等。读者对象是从事农作物科学研究的科技工作者、大专院校师生和具有同等水平的专业人士。《作物学报》从2001年起连续19年被中国科技信息研究所授予“百种中国杰出学术期刊”称号。2013年和2015年被新闻出版广电总局评为“百强科技期刊”,2011年和2018年获“中国出版政府奖期刊奖提名奖”,2005年获“第三届国家期刊奖提名奖”。2008-2020年被中国科学技术信息研究所授予“中国精品科技期刊”称号。     

农业科技期刊的改革、创新与发展 以《北京农业》杂志为例

以《北京农业》杂志为例叙述新出版时代农业科技期刊的生存现状及问题,结合农业科技发展的需要,提出农业科技期刊作为科技信息传播的载体,应从提高刊物质量、坚持办刊特色、缩短出版周期、准确市场定位4个方面,开拓创新,以改革求生存,市场中求发展,发挥其应有的作用,创造社会效益。     

转录组学技术在茶树抗逆性的研究进展

茶树(Camellia sinensis)属山茶科山茶属,是一种重要的木本经济作物,其叶片富含多种活性物质,其中尤以儿茶素、咖啡因、茶氨酸及其他游离氨基酸等活性成分对茶叶品质有重要影响。逆境胁迫是影响茶树生长发育、产量及品质的重要因素,人们对茶树应答逆境胁迫的分子机理越来越关注。转录组学作为功能基因组学的重要组成部分,它从RNA水平上全面研究物种的基因表达情况。利用该技术研究逆境胁迫下茶树基因表达的情况,有利于阐明茶树对逆境胁迫的应答机理。本综述主要介绍应用转录组学技术研究茶树应答生物胁迫和非生物胁迫(干旱,温度,盐碱,重金属等)的进展,以期为茶树抗逆性分子机理的研究提供理论参考。     

温室环境对热带植物生长发育的影响

为了研究与原产地生活环境差异较大的热带雨林植物的生长发育,通过对不同温室的环境条件分析和不同温室的热带植物生理指标的测试,结果表明：（1）植物园温室相对湿度和温度分别低于和高于科技馆;（2）植物园的二氧化碳浓低于科技馆;（3）植物园植物的gs比科技馆大,gs和Tr的相关系数r分别为0.994**、0.973**,均达到极显著正相关。     

基于DEA的河北省畜牧业科技发展战略有效性评价

对畜牧业科技生产活动的有效性进行评价,可以为畜牧业科技发展战略的调整和优化提供实践性指导;本文运用DEA模型,以畜牧业科技活动的有效性分析为基础,对河北省已实施的畜牧业科技发展战略的成效进行了评价;一方面,通过对河北省2000-2007年畜牧业科技投入产出的DEA分析,得出了河北省的畜牧业科技活动在大多数年份里相对有效,但规模收益不变、甚至递减的结论;另一方面,对河北省“十一五”畜牧业科技攻关重大项目“动物检疫”、“饲料工业”以及“畜禽良繁”有效性进行了分析,揭示出不同项目的DEA特征。最后为河北省畜牧业科技发展战略的调整与优化提出了建议。     

果实软化过程中果胶降解酶及相关基因研究进展

果实软化发生在储运过程中的后熟阶段,果实中不溶性原果胶降解为可溶性果胶和果胶酸是引发该阶段果实软化的主要原因。本文介绍了果实成熟软化过程中细胞壁结构的变化,以果胶为重点描述细胞壁组分的变化;由于果胶降解过程中参与的酶种类较多,因此,重点从起关键作用的三种果胶降解酶(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶酯酶、β-半乳糖苷酶)以及相关基因表达对果实成熟软化过程的影响方面进行综述。     

紫甘蓝中花青素提取条件优化研究

以市售"紫甘2号"紫甘蓝为试材提取花青素,通过单因素试验和中心组合试验,分别探究料液比、柠檬酸质量分数、浸提时间与浸提温度对紫甘蓝花青素提取率的影响,并优化紫甘蓝花青素的提取条件。结果表明,紫甘蓝花青素最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶10(g/mL),柠檬酸质量分数4%,浸提温度80℃,浸提时间2 h,该条件下紫甘蓝花青素的提取率达2.78 mg/g。     

新时期中国农业科技推广体系建设与创新模式探讨

建立符合中国国情的农业科技推广体系,加大农业科技的引进与推广力度,促进科技进步是推动中国农业发展的根本出路。针对中国农业科技推广体系的发展现状,借鉴农业发达国家的经验,结合中国的基本国情,建立和完善以政府为主导、非政府机构积极参与的多元化农业科技推广创新模式,应该是中国农业科技推广体系建设的发展方向。     

Trend Forecasting and Forewarning Method for Urban Sustainable Development

The index system and assessment methods for urban sustainable development are very popularly used, but the development trend prediction and forewarning analysis are rarely done. The GM(1,1) model is a specific one in the process of forecasting with littl     

基于CiteSpace的格氏栲知识图谱分析

采用CiteSpace V软件对中国知网数据库中1980—2019年166篇关于格氏栲研究领域的文献进行可视化研究分析,根据发文作者、研究机构、基金来源、期刊来源和关键词的分布情况绘制知识图谱,以呈现格氏栲研究领域目前的研究现状、发展历程和潜在的研究趋势。此外,还对Web of Science核心合集数据库中的15篇SCI文献进行对比研究。研究结果表明：（1）格氏栲研究主要围绕格氏栲、土壤肥力、人工林、天然林、杉木和林窗等主题展开;（2）刘金福、洪伟、杨玉盛、何中声和陈光水是该研究领域具有影响力的作者;（3）福建农林大学（原福建林学院）、福建师范大学、福建三明格氏栲自然保护区是该领域主要的研究机构;（4）高刊载量期刊有《福建林学院学报》、《生态学报》、《林业科技》、《福建林业科技》;（5）格氏栲天然林、土壤肥力、人工林、物种多样性、杉木和林窗为近40年的研究热点,预测会出现研究杉木、林窗和格氏栲凋落物的热潮。     

Teaching System of Chinese Architectural History Based on the Idea of “Innovation + Practice + Entrepreneurship”

With the introduction of Opinions on Deepening the Reform in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in Colleges and Universities issued by the General Office of the State Council, establishing an advanced innovative and entrepreneurial education idea, persisting in cultivation-orientation and comprehensively improving personnel training quality have become an important development direction of higher education, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education reform has provided an impetus for the comprehensive reform in colleges and universities. In this context, how to combine the concept of innovation and entrepreneurship education with the traditional teaching system proves to be an important issue to be considered in the development of colleges and universities. The construction of three teaching platforms for innovation, practice and entrepreneurship enables the idea of innovation and entrepreneurship education to be incorporated into the teaching process of Chinese architectural history, thereby carrying out a systematic, comprehensive, far-reaching teaching system reform. The past several years have witnessed a good teaching effect in University of Science and Technology Liaoning due to the implementation of the teaching system reform. It is hoped that the teaching system reform carried out by University of Science and Technology Liaoning can provide a reference for the teaching of Chinese architectural history.