Least-square-based Optimization of Frequency Response Function Estimation in Modal Parameters Identification

The accuracy of modal parameters identification has the influence on the quality of dynamic characteristics analysis of mechanical structure directly. And the precision of the frequency response function estimation has the great influence on the accuracy of modal parameters identification. In the engineering the frequency response function can be estimated by the average power spectrum and cross-power spectrum with the hel Pof FFT. As the result of limited frequency resolution in the course of FFT and the noise, the accuracy of modal parameters identification is influenced by the frequency response function estimation. This paper has put forward a least-square-based optimization of frequency response function estimation in modal parameters identification. According to the optimized frequency response function, the peak value can be searched to identify the damped natural frequencies and damping ratio directly. An experiment has been made to validate the proposed method. The result indicates that the damped natural frequencies and damping ratio identified by the optimized frequency response function are closer to the true results than which without the optimized frequency response function. So the accuracy of modal parameters identification can be improved by adopting the proposed method.     

Modal parameters identification for short data sequences based on stratified sampling and optimism complex Morlet wavelet

A novel modal parameter identification method based on stratified sampling and optimism complex Morlet wavelet is proposed for short data sequences. Stratified sampling is applied to divide the structure response signal into different layers which called sub samples with different thresholds, and then free decrement response signal of each layer is extracted by random decrement technique. The optimism complex Morlet wavelet transform is applied to identify modal parameter of each layer, and the weight of the layer is also determined based on the sample standard deviation. The modal parameter of the structure can be obtained by weighted calculation.The engineering application shows that the proposed method has the ability to identify modal parameter accurately, decouple low frequency intensive modal composition and restrain high frequency fake modal effectively.     

Testing and modal analysis on multi stage planetarygearbox housing of shield tunnelling machine

The finite element model is developed for the multi stage planetary gearbox housing in shield tunnelling machine (STM), and the the eigenvalue problem is solved by using block Lanczos method, and then the low order natural frequencies and corresponding modes are extracted. Based on the theory of experimental modal analysis, the modal testing is made for the gearbox housing by pulse excitation method. The least squares complex frequency domain (LSCF) estimation method is used to analyze the modal data, and the natural characteristics of housing is obtained. According to the modal assurance criterion (MAC), the experimental modal parameters are validated. Modal analysis shows that the experimental data is coincided with analytical results, which indicates the accuracy of the theoretical model and testing method. The coupling sympathetic vibration is disappearing between the gears train and housing, the local vibration is large at the high speed side of gearbox housing, and the torsional mode is outstanding under operating condition. The research results provide theoretical basis and experimental support for the structural optimization of the gearbox of STM.     

APPLICATION OF RELATIVE EXCITATION TO MODAL ANALYSIS OF MACHINE TOOLS

The feasibility of treating relative excitation as sigle-point excitation is demonstrated by comparing the modal analvsis results of two types of gearhobbing machine. Two kinds of excitation tests are carried out on either cf the two machines and the close values of modal parameters are given by the HP5423A Structure Dynamics Analyzer, The transfer function of relative excitation developed in this paper is examined by synthesizing the modal parameters.     

Improvement and Application of Immune Genetic Algorithm in Structural Damage Identification

In order to solve structural multi-damage identification problem, a two-stage method based on Bayesian theory and immune genetic algorithm (IGA) is presented. Firstly, structural modal strain energy and frequency are considered as two kinds of information sources, and Bayesian theory is utilized to integrate the two information sources and preliminarily detect structural damage locations. Then, immune genetic algorithm is used to identify structural damage extents. Considering the convergence rate of basic IGA is still not very good, some improved strategies, such as culture vaccine, two termination conditions, are presented. It is shown that the two-stage method can precisely identify structural damage locations and extent, and the calculated results of the proposed improved IGA are obviously better than those of both the basic IGA and simple genetic algorithm.     

农业物料介电特性的测试及影响

在进行农业物料相关品质检测与加工时,往往需要测定其许多参数,其中介电特性随物料种类的不同而体现出差异性,可以根据这一特性对不同物料的物性进行表达。此外,同种物料本身的介电特性又与许多因素有关,利用影响因素与介电特性的相关性,可以对物料的品质因素进行判定,对加工过程进行实时监测和优化控制。综述分析了国内外农业物料介电特性的相关研究,介绍了生物电学模型及介电特性的各种测试方法,并概括了各种测试方法的优缺点,总结了不同方法的适用条件以及受约因素。综述农业物料(特别是果蔬)的介电特性受到电磁场参数、温度、物料外形参数以及水和离子行为的影响,为研究果蔬介电特性在果蔬干燥、保鲜、品质检测等方面的应用提供参考。     

An improved method for and error evaluation of modal pushover analysis

Based on evaluation of the basic principle and error of the modal pushover analysis method, an improved method is suggested by selecting rational values of stiffness reduction parameters of beams and columns in a reinforced concrete frame corresponding to the global target displacement ductility ratio. A 10 story and a 16 story reinforced concrete plane frame are designed as examples to investigate the influence of higher modes. Nonlinear seismic responses of the two frames under excitations of seven earthquake waves of varying earthquake intensities are selected to be the reference points for a comparison study. The changing rules of the results of modal pushover analysis and modified modal pushover analysis with respect to various natural fundamental periods and different earthquake intensities are studied. Research results show that the error of modal pushover analysis and modified modal pushover analysis will not increase with a larger fundamental period, which implies that modal pushover analysis can cover the effect of higher modes reasonably. When the degree of nonlinearity of the structure is more severe, the modified modal pushover analysis we suggest could decrease the error of normal modal pushover analysis to a certain extent.     

基于光谱特征与PLSR结合的叶面积指数拟合方法的无人机画幅高光谱遥感应用

以冬小麦LAI为研究对象,利用孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期获取的无人机UHD185高光谱影像以及同步测定的地面数据(冬小麦冠层ASD反射率和冬小麦LAI),论证光谱特征(红边参数或植被指数)与偏最小二乘回归算法结合的改进型LAI拟合方法在无人机画幅高光谱遥感LAI探测方面的应用价值。首先,从光谱反射率相关性和植被指数相关性两方面比较UHD185与ASD,验证UHD185数据精度;结果表明,第3~第96波段(458~830 nm)的无人机UHD185高光谱数据具有较好的光谱质量,适宜探测冬小麦LAI。其次,分析光谱特征(6种植被指数和4种红边参数)与LAI的相关性,并通过独立验证和交叉验证方法,依次对基于红边参数或植被指数的传统LAI拟合方法和改进型LAI拟合方法的冬小麦LAI预测精度进行评价,相比于传统LAI拟合方法,改进型LAI拟合方法能大幅度提高冬小麦LAI的预测精度,特别是PLSR+REP。研究结果证实,改进型LAI拟合方法能更加充分地利用无人机UHD185高光谱数据预测冬小麦LAI,可望为无人机高光谱遥感的作物理化参数探测提供几点可借鉴的思路。     

Application Study on Optimal Sensor Placement Technique of Cable-stayed Bridge

Based on the modal assurance criterion, using simulated annealing algorithm, the dynamic characteristic data of cable-stayed bridge are extracted, optimal acceleration sensor layout scheme of main beam is obtained. According to this optimization scheme, we carry out a dynamic characteristics test on one cable-stayed bridge. The results between test data and finite element modal calculation are very closely. Theory technique research and field modal test demonstrated that the simulated annealing algorithm based on modal assurance criterion is effective and viable for optimal acceleration sensors placement of cable-stayed bridge.     

Determination of Pile-Soil Parameters for Steel Pipe Pile Subjected to Lateral Load

In this paper,in terms of the measured data(including the deflection and slope at the ground surface of the pile,the maximum bending moment and its position),the biparameter method is used to analyze the pile-soil parameters.Two examples show that the method in present paper is reasonable and reliable,and it provides the reference value for the engineering design.     

Numerical Analysis of Acoustic Environment with Finite Element Method

The acoustic environment of highway tunnel is complex and has influences on the driving safety and comfort. In case of emergency, evacuation information is difficult to transfer. Finite element method is used for calculating highway tunnel acoustic modal and attenuation characteristics. The results show that acoustic mode of highway tunnel has symmetry in the horizontal pressure amplitude of symmetry regional is equal and phase is the same or opposite. The higher modal frequency, the greater sound pressure amplitude is, and the effect of tunnel length on modal frequency is smaller. Decay curves of pressure level at each point in the highway tunnel over time are nonlinear. After the source excitation, in 1.5 s, attenuation rate is faster than that of few seconds later and the attenuation time of sound pressure level 30 dB is 5.5 to 7 s.     

Dynamic Finite Element Model Updating of Prestressed Concrete Continuous Girder Bridge Based on Real-Coded Accelerating Genetic Algorithm

The dynamic finite element model (FEM) of a prestressed concrete continuous girder bridge (PCCGB), named Zhangjiagang river main bridge, was established and updated based on the results of field ambient modal testing using real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA), which objective function was defined based on frequency index and correlation coefficient index for evaluating the updated FEM. The dynamic FEM of the bridge was updated based on seven experimental modal parameters. The prediction ability of the updated FEM were evaluated based on three experimental modal parameters. The updated results and prediction ability of updated FEMs indicated that they can reflect adequately the dynamic characteristics of actual PCCGB by using the above objective function and RAGA.     

利用盘式吸渗仪确定土壤水力学参数研究进展

各种农业措施显著影响土壤的物理性质,特别是土壤水力学参数。随着计算机模型广泛用于土壤物质迁移的预测预报,准确确定土壤水力学参数成为一项重要的研究任务。盘式吸渗仪作为一种简便实用的仪器正被广泛用于田间土壤水力学参数的测定。国内外学者研究了稳态、瞬态和反推等方法,利用盘式吸渗仪来确定土壤近饱和导水率、吸渗率和水分特征曲线。同时该仪器可以用于田间测定土壤孔隙分布状况,以及两区模型中的参数。笔者对国内外有关盘式吸渗仪研究从相关理论和应用方面进展进行了综述,并对田间测定操作中注意的问题进行评述,指导田间试验以获得准确的测定数据。盘式吸渗仪在田间测定土壤孔隙,特别是大孔隙流方面有独特的优点,但是其并未在中国不同质地土壤上得以广泛应用。     

Comparison of the sensitivity of the mean and the mode in screening coffee seedlings for resistance to coffee berry disease Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack sensu Hindorf (A short communication)

Summary The utility of the modal grade as an alternative to the mean grade in the pre-selection test for screening seedlings of Coffea arabica L. for resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) caused by Colletotrichum coffeanum NOACK sensu HINDORF was examined. Three criteria were used to compare the sensitivity of the modal grade with that of the mean grade when partitioning 6 weeks old seedlings into different resistance classes. The criteria were: the sensitivity of the two statistics as estimators of central tendency, the sensitivity of the modal grade and the mean grade as selection criteria and the correlation between the two statistics.The modal grade was neither more sensitive in detecting genotypes that fell in diffent resistance classes nor more severe than the mean grade in screening for genotypes susceptible to CBD. In the cases studied, the modal grad was highly correlated with the mean grade (r_s ranged from 0.55^**–0.82^**). Hence, it is concluded that there are practically no gains in adopting the modal grade as a pre-selection criterion in preference to the mean grade.     

作物生长模型PGROWTH微气象模块的实验验证

以生长在中国科学院禹城综合实验站的蒸散计里的小麦和玉米为材料,测定和收集了运行生长模型ＰＧＲＯＷＴＨ所需的参数,对小麦和玉米分别进行了四天和两天运算,将从北京时间６：００到１８：００每两小时观察一次的蒸散,气温和各种辐射与相应的计算结果做了对比,结果表明上述各测定的模拟结果与实验结果吻合良好。     

Dynamic FEM Analysis of Automobile and Software Development

In this article, modal analysis technology about dynamic analysis was studied. Free interface model comprehensive method was used to dynamic analysis and design of automobile structure based on theory background of model analysis, test technology conditions, data reliability and precision. In order to test the efficient and possibility of the method, main vibration features about space double layer has been calculated based on this method, comparing this with the precise solution of finite element method, the result shows that this method is suitable not only for simple interfaces between components but also for high reductive interfaces. In addition, the method also has high comprehensive precision. Furthermore it creates conditions to dynamic analysis in automobile structures.     

水稻冠层垂直反射率模拟

利用1999年和2000年实测的晚稻冠层结构参数(叶面积指数、叶倾角、叶长、叶宽等)和叶片生物化学组分含量(叶绿素、蛋白质、纤维素、水等)实测数据,结合椭圆分布函数模型、PROSPECT模型和FCR模型,模拟水稻冠层垂直反射率,模拟值与实测值的相关系数大于0.98,均方根差RMSE小于0.05,从而建立了冠层结构参数、叶片生物化学组成等农     

Ecological variables,including physiognomic-structural attributes,and classification of Indonesian coral reefs

Communities are distinguished by biological and physical features, such as size and shape of organisms and dead substrata, which are characteristic expressions of the organizing forces in the community. We measured 87 of such features in 39 transects on seaward-facing reef slopes in the eastern Indonesian archipelago, but did not identify coral species. We aimed to identify the basic variables that are indispensable to classify coral reef communities. This would give ecological information on variation in reef communities and show exactly which data must be recorded in the field.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data matrix showed the following variables to be important in the ordination of transects along the axes: coral colony shape, loose fragments, bare bottom, coral tissue wounds, rubble, sediment/rubble, crustose coralline algae, excavating sponge, miscellaneous organisms, coral overgrowth, interaction coral/non-coral, Acanthaster, maximum size coral colonies, tabular Acropora, massive Porites, fungiids, angle slope, and crevices.We used the transect data to define four groups of environmental conditions: ‘sheltered’, ‘exposed’ (to water movement), ‘biologically disturbed’ and ‘physically disturbed’. Discriminant Analysis was employed to classify additional transects. It appeared that a minimum of 9 variables has to be measured in the field (rubble, thick branching corals, fungiids, sediment/rubble, two largest-colonies diameters, massive Porites, angle slope, Acanthaster) to assign transects to one of those groups (P < 0.10). With just 14 variables the classification of transects was 100% correct. Two additional groups of environmental conditions are recognizable with, respectively, prominence of competitive interactions and Acanthaster predation. There were too few transect data to characterize these groups satisfactorily for Discriminant Analysis.     

Dynamic analysis of high speed motorized spindles with eccentrics

In order to study dynamic behaviors of high speed motorized spindles under different eccentric conditions,the dynamics of high speed motorized spindles is analyzed by using finite element method on the basis of its structure,and an analytical dynamic model of high speed motorized spindles is established. Based on electromagnetism and mechanical system dynamics,expressions of general unbalanced force of high speed motorized spindles are established. Thus,dynamic characteristics of spindles,such as natural frequencies and unbalance response,can be obtained from the proposed model while spindles have different preloads and bearing configurations. The parameters of a 120MD60Y6 motorized spindle are substituted into the model and a simulation is carried out by Matlab/Simulink. The result shows good agreement with the data obtained from experimental modal analysis,which proves that the proposed model is correct.     

基于BP神经网络的土壤容重预测模型

土壤容重是农业生产和研究的重要参数,但因成本高、工作量大等原因,其获取仍是一个紧迫的问题。数学建模技术使得科研人员尝试使用土壤传递函数PTFs间接获取土壤容重值。本研究以复合圆锥指数仪为工具,探讨应用BP神经网络建立PTFs预测土壤容重。选取粘土和粉质壤土作为实验对象,在MATLAB2008a上建立、并评价预测土壤容重的BP神经网络,即PTFs模型。研究中以均方根误差RMSE和决定系数R²为性能指标来评价所建BP神经网络。结果表明,针对复合圆锥指数仪的测量结果,应用BP神经网络算法建立PTFs可以有效预测土壤容重。粘土容重预测的决定系数R²达到0.6973,粉质壤土容重预测的决定系数R²达到0.6868。实验结果还证实土壤容重预测与测量深度无关,但与土壤类型显著相关。