分离饲养对猪母仔有利

一些先进养猪场推行的仔猪早期断奶养猪法，可以提高母猪的年产仔数、饲料利用率及仔猪的哺育率，是一项养猪新技术。仔猪早期断奶时间一般在30日龄左右，比传统养猪法提前了数十天，因此在做好哺乳仔猪常规培育的同时，在管理上应采用母仔分离饲养的方法。按传统饲养法，母猪生产后，若母、仔同圈(舍)喂养，则由于母、仔对环境温度的要求不同(仔猪31 ℃～32 ℃，母猪15 ℃～20 ℃)，猪粪对仔猪严重污染，加之因母猪抢食，不利于仔猪提前补料等因素，会造成仔猪体弱多病；母猪因负担过重，导致消瘦不堪，不能再及时发情配种。实施母、仔分圈…     

母猪不食的病因及防治

母猪产前、产后不食症是母猪哺乳期常见的普通疾病之一，主要指母猪在哺乳期间以食欲不振，甚至绝食为主要临床症状的一种病理现象。该病一旦发生可造成母猪泌乳机能下降，导致哺乳子猪腹泻，抵抗力减弱，生长缓慢，进而变成僵猪或发生衰竭死亡；母猪因顽固性不食出现消瘦，断奶后乏情，久配不孕或虽能发情配种，却下一胎产子数低。     

配种期母猪的饲养管理要点

配种期母猪管理的好坏,直接影响它的发情、排卵、受精和产仔,甚至影响母猪后续繁殖力和使用年限。做好配种期母猪的饲养管理,提高母猪的受胎率和产仔数,必须做到适时的配种,掌握母猪的发情、排卵规律,并严格落实保胎措施。     

配种期母猪的饲养管理要点

配种期母猪管理的好坏,直接影响它的发情、排卵、受精和产仔,甚至影响母猪后续繁殖力和使用年限.做好配种期母猪的饲养管理,提高母猪的受胎率和产仔数,必须做到适时的配种,掌握母猪的发情、排卵规律,并严格落实保胎措施.     

浅谈哺乳母猪的饲养管理

哺乳母猪除维持本身消耗外,每天还要产出5～8kg乳汁来供养仔猪。如饲养管理不当,营养物质供给不足,就会直接影响到母猪的泌乳量、仔猪成活率、仔猪断乳体质量,以及断奶后母猪的正常发情和配种。因此,加强哺乳母猪的饲养管理是提高养猪经济效益的重要环节。     

养猪高产13巧技

巧催情。对不发情的母猪，每天早晨喂料后让其侧卧，用手掌反复按摩乳房10分钟，连续按摩1周即可；对产后停止发情的母猪，每日取红糖300g，放锅内熬焦后拌料连喂1周就会发情。也可用淫羊藿、当归各50g，益母草500g，陈艾250g煎服1周。巧控分娩时间。初产母猪第1窝安排在11～12月配种，次年3～4月产仔；第2窝5～6月配种，9～10月产仔，这样就可控制母猪避开寒冬酷署，在春秋季分娩，有利于母猪产后康复和仔猪生长发育。此外，如能将配种时间安排在早晨8～9时，可控制90%以上母猪在白天产仔，大大减少夜间产仔易出现的母猪踩伤压死甚至冻死仔…     

一头母猪年创产值万元

平邑县武台食品站职工孙付洋饲养的一头母猪,一年当中生产3窝,创收1.27万元。 1996年,孙付洋从集市上购买了一头20多kg重的小母猪,当年配种,并产下12头猪仔,产后第28天母猪发情配种,1997年2月初产下15头猪仔后第29天又发情配种,于6月产下17只猪仔,到11月27日,这头母猪产下了一年中的第3窝猪仔9头。这样,一年之内母猪生产3次,孙付洋卖了3窝猪仔共44头,获纯收入达9000多元。去年3月28     

促进母猪发情的非营养性措施

母猪断奶后１０d以上不发情或长期不发情，是生产中最常见的繁殖障碍性疾病，特别是瘦肉型品种及其二亢杂种母猪尤为突出，从而严重影响母猪的正常繁殖，甚至造成优良种母猪品种被过早淘汰。对此，有效的治疗办法是：①查明母猪是否患有疾病，如细小病毒病、营养缺乏症、代谢病、卵巢囊肿等；②改善饲养方式，保持母猪的良好种用状况，尤其是蛋白质、维生素和矿物质是母猪发情排卵和正常受精的营养基础；③采取非营养性的应急措施。本文拟详细介绍以下８种非营养性措施。（１）公猪试情用试情公猪追逐久不发情的母猪，或将公猪和母猪关在同…     

促进空怀母猪发情 提高母猪产仔效率

在养猪生产中,难免会遇到一些乏情母猪,即仔猪断奶后长期不发情的经产母猪。这部分母猪的存在加大了无效饲养时间,增加了养殖成本,应该引起高度重视。那么如何使这部分乏情母猪变为多情母猪,提高母猪产仔率呢?笔者在多年的诊断治疗服务中,总结了一些经验,希望能为广大养殖户及同行朋友提供一些参考。     

智能型诱情公猪车的设计与试验

母猪生产繁育是规模化养猪场的重要环节,为了让公猪无障碍地参与到人工授精及查情检测环节,提高母猪的受孕率和发情返情的检测效率,研制了一种诱情公猪车。该车采取遥控或手动方式进行作业,将公猪赶进公猪车内并运送至配种舍,在舍内通道上移动以刺激母猪发情。试验结果表明,诱情公猪车续航能力强,适应猪场复杂的环境。本研究可节约人工成本,减少人与母猪的接触,增加母猪与公猪的接触机会,提高母猪受孕率和产仔数,并可以延长公猪使用年限。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。