苗圃转让

今年顺义区苗圃绿化、美化苗木达1120多种、1．12亿株。其中油松、白皮松、华山松、雪松、桧柏、侧柏等常绿树13157亩，1650万株，占育苗总面积的23％；连翘、碧桃、榆叶梅、紫叶李、紫蔽、紫荆、月季、玫瑰、黄刺梅、黄杨、女贞等花灌木5468亩，1455万株，占育苗总面积的10％；白腊、元宝枫、栾树、国槐、银杏、合欢、龙爪槐、杜仲、千头椿、金丝柳、各种品种杨等落叶乔木37375亩，8095万株，占育苗总面积的67％。     

大丽花块根繁育和栽培技术

大丽花(Dahlia pinnata Cav)菊科，大丽花属，多年生草本，原产墨西哥，又名大丽菊、大理花、天竺牡丹、西番莲、地瓜花，具有植株粗壮、花期长、花朵硕大，品种繁多、花色鲜艳、适应性强等特点。是美化公园，布置庭院、花坛、花境以及切花陈设的较好花卉材料。大丽花为世界名花之一，目前世界约有3万多个品种，我国有500余品种。     

木棉嫁接繁育技术

木棉(Gossampinus malabarica)又名攀枝花、红棉、英雄树、烽火树,属木棉科木棉属落叶高大乔木.木棉广泛分布在我国四川、云南、贵州、广西、广东,生长在江河沿岸、山地阳坡及村边道路旁,喜光、耐高温,对土壤要求不苛刻.在四川攀枝花地区木棉树于1月-2月份开花,先花后叶,花色艳丽,有红色、金黄、淡黄色等颜色,树形高大伟岸,是优良的园林绿化树种.木棉树现是攀枝花市市花和广州市市树,在园林绿化中常作行道树、庭荫树、景园树、盆景树等.木棉经嫁接后2 a-3 a开花,嫁接苗可作盆景矮化栽培,观赏价值高.本文介绍了木棉的嫁接育苗技术.     

One compound approach combining factor-analytic model with AMMI and GGE biplot to improve multi-environment trials analysis

To improve multi-environmental trial(MET)analysis,a compound method—which combines factor analytic(FA)model with additive main effect and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)and genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE)biplot—was conducted in this study.The diameter at breast height of 36 open-pollinated(OP)families of Pinus taeda at six sites in South China was used as a raw dataset.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP)data of all individual trees in each site was obtained by fitting the spatial effects with the FA method from raw data.The raw data and BLUP data were analyzed and compared by using the AMMI and GGE biplot.BLUP results showed that the six sites were heterogeneous and spatial variation could be effectively fitted by spatial analysis with the FA method.AMMI analysis identified that two datasets had highly significant effects on the site,family,and their interactions,while BLUP data had a smaller residual error,but higher variation explaining ability and more credible stability than raw data.GGE biplot results revealed that raw data and BLUP data had different results in mega-environment delineation,test-environment evaluation,and genotype evaluation.In addition,BLUP data results were more reasonable due to the stronger analytical ability of the first two principal components.Our study suggests that the compound method combing the FA method with the AMMI and GGE biplot could improve the analysis result of MET data in Pinus teada as it was more reliable than direct AMMI and GGE biplot analysis on raw data.     

Review of Studies on Structural Features,Regeneration Features and Management of Natural Spruce-Fir Mixed Stand of Coniferous and Broadleaved Trees in China

Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world,and also has huge ecological,economic and social benefits.According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions.The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management.The following recommendations were eventually made:1) In no cutting area,all logging activities should be banned.In a restricted cutting area,the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15%of the stock volume before cutting.On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare,determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest,to ensure the scientific selective cutting.2) Closure for afforestation,planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land,sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash,in order to accelerate natural regeneration.3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species,such as Abies chensiensis,Picea neoveitchii,Abies vuanbaoshanensis,to reduce human destruction.4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time,establish nursery,actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration.     

环保杀虫装饰涂料

蚊子、苍蝇、螳螂、臭虫、蜘蛛、蚂蚁之类害虫,在家庭、工厂、办公室、医院、学校、酒店等地,随处可见,无处不入.这些昆虫不但给人们的生活带来很多烦恼,更重要的是,他们导致疾病传播,从而严重危害人们的身体健康.所以,根除害虫,改变居住环境,早已成为人们关注的问题.     

减肥即食营养大米

肥胖是一种常见的慢性疾病,它是由于生理化机能的改变而引起的体内脂肪沉积量过多,造成体重增加,导致机体发生一系列病理、生理变化的病症.肥胖症是一种全身性代谢疾病,除引起身体外形的改变外,过多的脂肪可带来物理性的负荷,还是各种疾病的"培养箱".肥胖人群平均寿命明显低于正常体重的人群,同时肥胖症还是心血管疾病、糖尿病、脂肪肝、肿瘤的温床,它是一种营养代谢性疾病.减肥首先必须从能量的摄入入手,减少热能的吸收.     

聚氯乙烯合金生产技术

当前现代化的航天、航空、汽车、机械、电子、民用建筑、化工等行业迫切要求具备很高的力学性能及耐热、耐磨、耐化学性能的材料.因此高分子材料发展的一个重要方向就是通过对现有聚合物进行物理和化学改性,使其进一步高性能化、结构化、工程化.北京化工大学研制的聚氯乙烯合金是通过挤出机的力学、化学作用及接枝、复合技术使聚氯乙烯塑料工程化,成为物理性能可与ABS相比拟的新材料.聚氯乙烯合金具有高流动性、高韧性,完全可以代替ABS注塑计算机、电视机、冰箱、照相机、仪表等外壳.聚氯乙烯合金还具有良好的耐寒性,可制作各种规格的异型材,包括门窗、上水管道等.产品市场前景好,具有很强的竞争力,有很好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Discussion on Spatial Optimization Modeling of Water Resource Conservation Forests and Management Practice of Forest Functions

According to the unification principle of system structure and system function of the Water Resource Conservation Forests,seven factors were selected from stand spatial structure,trees structure and healthy of woods,the multifunction management optimization model target was confirmed by using nonlinearity multi-objective programming approach, and the target function-stand spatial structure homogeneity index was defined to establish spatial optimization models with restraining conditions set up in diversity of stand structure and spatial structure.The spatial structure of available typical stand in the wet land area in southern Donting Lake was optimized by means of selective cutting and reinforcement planting.The results showed that the spatial structure was improved obviously and trees diversity and stand health were not weakened.It’s suggested that the established optimization model can effectively guide multifunction management,stand structure optimization and the steadiness of ecological ecosystem and it is convenient and operable in practice,and it’s very important to protect and recover ecosystem of Water Resource Conservation Forests.     

Multi-Objective Genetic Based Pore Combination Recognition

This paper proposes an automatic method of pore combination recognition,which is an important feature to hardwood recognition.After extracting edge from wood microscopic cross-section, based on area histogram of the similar circle regions,the method classifies all regions into two classes with maximum between-class variance,so as to distinguish the pore from other textures,which are similar in shapes but different in sizes.Meanwhile, second objective function about average area of closed regions is used to improve the pore segmentation performance.At last,the method uses adjacency degree of pore set to judge pore combination.The experiments demonstrate that the task of pore segmentation can be completed successfully for all kinds of pore distribution and combination,and also the correct combinations of pores are given.     

枫香人工林枯落物和土壤层养分季节变化

对枫香人工林枯落物和土壤养分季节变化进行研究。结果表明:不同季节枯落物的养分大量元素含量大小顺序是夏季>秋季>冬季>春季,含量范围是25.055~37.115 g/kg。土壤中A层大量元素含量从春季开始递减,至夏季达到最低值,秋季有所回升;B层土壤养分含量季节变化呈双峰型,但变化幅度不大.说明土壤养分含量随着深度的增加受到枯落物的影响越小,其土壤养分含量越稳定。A层土壤较容易受到枯落物季节性的影响,微量元素季节变化呈波浪型;B层土壤微量元素含量一年中始终呈现增加趋势。     

萌条的根桩年龄对杨树扦插造林效果的影响

采用湘林—90无性系杨1~5年生根桩萌条的1年生苗扦插造林,研究萌条的根桩年龄对杨树扦插造林效果的影响。结果表明:造林时的胸径、苗高、材积在不同年龄根桩的萌条苗间均有显著差异,造林后的第1年、第4年,胸径、树高、材积在不同年龄根桩萌条苗的造林地间虽有差异,但差异均不显著。试验结果表明1~5年生根桩萌条的1年生苗都适宜扦插造林。     

广元市碗厂沟不同林地类型土壤氮素动态变化分析

对广元市碗厂沟湿地松、刺槐混交林3种林型的氮素特征进行了比较分析,结果表明:不同林型土壤全氮、水解性氮、铵态氮剖面特征随着土层的加深含量逐渐减少,硝态氮受多种因素的影响,其变化没有一定的规律性;3种林型虽然各氮素上下层的差异较大,但都表现为刺槐林>混交林>湿地松林>。3种林型的氮素在不同深度时间上的变化趋势各不相同,一年中全氮以3月含量最高,6最低;水解氮是6月含量最高,12月最低;铵态氮以12月最高,9月最低;硝态氮在一年中变化复杂,且各林型变化不一。3种林型相比较,全氮、水解性氮、按态氮总含量由大到小的顺序为:刺槐林>混交林>湿地松林;各林分硝态氮总含量的大小顺序为:混交林>刺槐林>湿地松林。     

漆树科4种植物次生韧皮部的解剖比较

【目的】以漆树科3属4个种(盐肤木、青麸杨、黄连木和黄栌)的次生韧皮部为研究对象,阐明各物种次生韧皮部组成细胞的结构特征和分布规律,为植物次生韧皮部组成细胞结构特征与分泌结构之间的关系研究提供理论依据,并为漆树科植物系统演化的相关研究提供参考依据。【方法】采集盐肤木、青麸杨、黄连木和黄栌的树皮样品(样品含形成层、次生韧皮部及周皮,不含次生木质部),采用比较解剖学的方法,对漆树科4种植物的次生韧皮部的结构特征、组成细胞的构成及其排列方式进行比较,并对4种植物的乳汁道结构进行研究。【结果】漆树科4种植物次生韧皮部均是由筛管分子和伴胞、韧皮薄壁组织细胞、射线细胞、乳汁道和韧皮纤维构成,呈切向带状相间排列。黄连木、青麸杨和盐肤木的具功能韧皮部和无功能韧皮部分界明显;青麸杨的射线细胞在无功能韧皮部中倾斜分布,其余3种植物均为整齐纵向排列;青麸杨的乳汁道为分枝型乳汁道,其他3个种的乳汁道均无分枝,仅有少量相邻乳汁道融合现象发生;黄连木和黄栌次生韧皮部内分布有大量的韧皮纤维,青麸杨韧皮部中较少,而盐肤木韧皮部中无韧皮纤维分布。【结论】漆树科4种植物次生韧皮部组成细胞及乳汁道结构存在一定差异,青麸杨乳汁道是目前为止漆树科植物中发现的较为稀有的分枝型乳汁道,研究结果能够为漆树科系统进化研究提供参考依据。     

几种野生芹菜营养成分分析

以东北地区常见野生芹菜为研究对象,对其水分、灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、糖(总糖、还原糖)、维生素(C、胡萝卜素)、氨基酸种类及含量(总氨基酸含量、8种必需氨基酸含量)、总黄酮含量(提取时间、乙醇浓度对其影响)、硝酸盐含量等营养成分进行分析的结果表明:①四种野生芹菜与家芹相比而言,灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、维生素C等含量均明显高于家芹;②四种野生芹菜矿质元素含量明显高于家芹中矿质元素含量;③拐芹、大叶芹、棱子芹中氨基酸含量和家芹中氨基酸含量无明显差异,碎叶山芹中各种氨基酸含量明显高于其他几种芹菜。     

桉树优良品种引种试验研究

文昌市林业科学研究所2005年9月引种11个品种桉树优良无性系在迈号镇种植试验,通过6年对试验点跟踪调查、分析,对各品系的生长情况进行综合评价,为今后同一立地条件下种植桉树提供理论依据.     

2011年冬鄱阳湖水鸟数量与分布调查

鄱阳湖目前是我国最大的淡水湖,是长江中下游地区乃至东亚地区最大和最重要的候鸟越冬地,每年在鄱阳湖越冬的水鸟总数在50万只以上,同时鄱阳湖还是部分全球珍稀濒危物种十分重要的越冬地。坚持开展鄱阳湖越冬水鸟的种群数量调查,对于掌握长江流域乃至全球水鸟种群动态十分重要。2011年冬在鄱阳湖开展了越冬水鸟调查,共记录到越冬水鸟51种59万余只,其中有14个种达到了全球种群数量1%的标准,同时鸿雁、白鹤、东方白鹳的数量超过全球种群数量的估计值。     

杉木花粉发芽试验研究

以18a生种子园采集的杉木花粉为试验对象,在花粉发芽试验中,培养基按不同的蔗糖浓度和pH值进行了9种处理,接种24～36h以后在低倍显微镜下观察。根据调查结果分析,培养基不同,花粉的发芽率高低也不一样,杉木的花粉发芽最佳培养基是蔗糖浓度为20％、pH为5．5的培养基。     

呼伦贝尔市柴河林业局天然林保护工程成效分析

柴河林业局天保工程区在天然林保护工程实施后,森林生态环境得到了很大改善。文章通过对天保工程区各类土地资源在天然林保护工程实施前后的对比分析,系统阐述和评价了天然林保护工程的实施对该局森林资源和生态状况变化的影响。     

土默川平原南部3种盐生植物种群空间格局特征研究

对在土默川平原南部7个样地上生长的优势度较高的羊草、碱蓬、盐爪爪3个盐生植物种群进行了南北方向上的空间分布特征分析,结果表明:羊草均为聚集分布,碱蓬在永圣域乡满水井村、乃只盖乡新营子村、伍什家乡主力汗村为均匀分布,盐爪爪在伍什家乡主力汗村为随机分布,其他地区为聚集分布格局;羊草在伍什家乡主力汗村、碱蓬在永圣域乡满水井村、沙尔营乡甲尔旦村和乃只盖乡新营子村,样地格局规模方面曲线未形成有效峰,未出现聚块,其余样地有明显聚块;碱蓬格局强度高于羊草和盐爪爪。