Stability of the aphid transmission phenotype in cucumber mosaic virus

The stability of the aphid transmission phenotype in seven field isolates of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was studied, using aphids Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae . Field isolates, obtained from four vegetable crops, were propagated in squash and Nicotiana glutinosa , and passaged by either aphid transmission or mechanical transfer. All seven isolates were transmissible by both aphids and this aphid transmission phenotype was stable after 20–24 mechanical passages. Upon further mechanical passaging, one of the seven isolates, CMV-2 A1-MT 60x, lost its transmissibility by Myzus persicae but was still transmissible by Aphis gossypii , although at a reduced rate. Isolates maintained by both aphid transmission and mechanical transfer were transmitted more efficiently by Aphis gossypii than by Myzus persicae . A comparison of the RNA profiles showed no major differences among the CMV isolates before and after mechanical passage.     

Seed transmission of lettuce mosaic virus inLactuca serriola

Samenvatting De beste bestrijding van het slamozaïek zou de teelt van resistente rassen zijn. Resistentie tegen dit virus is echter niet bekend. Omdat besmetting steeds via het zaad plaats vindt, sla in Nederland niet als wintergewas wordt geteeld en onkruiden als besmettingsbron geen rol spelen blijft alleen de mogelijkheid over om uitsluitend virusvrij zaaizaad te gebruiken.Ruimtelijke isolatie van zaadvelden is in West-Europa om technische redenen niet zo goed uitvoerbaar als in de Verenigde Staten. Het zou daarom belangrijk zijn, indien er slarassen beschikbaar waren, waarbij geen virusoverdracht via het zaad plaats vindt. Een uitgangspunt om dit te bereiken zou het kruisen zijn met wilde sla (Lactuca serriola L.), die volgensWelch et al. (1953) deze eigenschap zou bezitten.Om na te gaan of deze mededeling juist was, werd van 28 herkomsten vanLactuca serriola een vijftal planten met slamozaïekvirus geïnoculeerd en van de zieke planten werd het zaad afzonderlijk geoogst. Van iedere plant werden zo mogelijk 500 zaailingen uitgeplant. Uit tabel 1 blijkt, dat bij alle herkomsten het virus via zaad wordt overgebracht. het heeft dus in het geheel geen zinLactuca serriola als uitgangsmateriaal voor kruisingswerk te gebruiken, met als doel virusoverdracht via het zaad te voorkomen.

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Gedetacheerd bij het Proefstation voor de Groenteteelt in de Volle Grond in Nederland, Alkmaar.     

三七花叶症的检测与鉴定

从云南文山采集的表现明显花叶,并畸形、皱缩症状的三七样品,经血清学检测,与黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumbermosaicCucumovirus,CMV)有弱阳性反应,根据CMV种的外壳蛋白同源性序列设计引物,对其进行了RT鄄PCR扩增和序列分析,判定样品中含有CMV。     

Occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus in phlox in Israel

A strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was isolated from phlox plants raised from imported cuttings and grown in plastic tunnels. The infection was acquired from local sources. Virus identification was based on electron microscopy, host range, aphid transmission, serology and physical properties.     

插接与劈接嫁接西瓜对黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病传播的比较

为了明确西瓜嫁接对黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病传播的影响,应用插接法与劈接法中刀片、竹签2种工具分别粘毒后再嫁接西瓜进行传毒能力比较,结果为：插接法嫁接传毒能力强于劈接法嫁接,粘毒竹签的传毒能力强于粘毒刀片,最初嫁接的1、2株瓜苗最容易染毒发病。     

植物与黄瓜花叶病毒互作的研究

植物对病原物的抗性包括由单基因控制的质量抗病性和由多基因控制的数量抗病性两种。作物对黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV)的抗病性属于数量抗病性,即有多个微效抗性基因同时起作用控制黄瓜花叶病毒病的感染,其中研究最精细的是其数量主基因RCY1,该基因位于拟南芥5号染色体,编码一套具有卷曲螺旋-核苷酸结合位点-富含亮氨酸重复序列(CCNBLRR)结构的抗性蛋白;黄瓜花叶病毒病的外壳蛋白基因与RCY1基因共同作用决定作物对黄瓜花叶病毒病的抗性反应。但是在其它的互作体系中,可能存在另外的诱发子和抗性基因,到目前为止尚无定论。     

A strain of cucumber mosaic virus,seed-transmitted in beans

From bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown near Valencia, Spain, a virus was isolated that is easily transmitted by sap and by leaf contact to beans and 23 of 37 other plant species tested. In most species symptoms were mild or absent. Symptoms in bean could be easily confused with those of bean common mosaic virus, but were usually mild and diseased plants often recovered. All bean cultivars tested were susceptible. One of twelve varieties investigated showed 7% seed transmission. Seed remained infective after 27 months of storage. Two antisera (titre 64) were prepared against purified, formalin-treated virus. Serologically the virus was found to be closely related to normal cucumber mosaic virus and hardly or not to the chrysanthemum aspermy virus. This shows that it differs from peanut stunt virus which is known to cause a severe disease in beans in the USA.Partial masking of symptoms, high infectivity, wide host range and seed transmission make the virus potentially important to bean cultivation.Samenvatting Uit boneplanten, geteeld in de buurt van Valencia, Spanje, werd een virus geïsoleerd dat met sap gemakkelijk overgaat op bonen en 23 andere van de 37 getoetste plantesoorten (Tabel 1). In de meeste soorten waren de symptomen zwak of zelfs afwezig.De verschijnselen in boon konden gemakkelijk worden verward met die van het bonerolmozaïekvirus (Fig. 1), maar ze waren meestal zwak, terwijl de geïnfecteerde planten zich doorgaans min of meer herstelden. Alle 26 getoetste bonerassen (o.a. Tabel 2) bleken vatbaar te zijn.Bij boon ging het virus door aanraking met de vingers of aan een doekje over, ook wanneer na aanraking van de zieke plant 5 minuten werd gewacht alvorens een gezonde aan te raken. Na 15 minuten wachten kon evenwel geen virusoverdracht meer worden aangetoond. Door wassen met alleen water, of met water en zeep, bleken de handen gemakkelijk van virus te reinigen. In één van de 12 hierop onderzochte bonerassen bleek het virus met zaad over te gaan (7%). Het zaad was nog geïnfecteerd toen het opnieuw werd getoetst na bewaring gedurende 27 maanden.De verdunningsgrens van het virus lag bij 100.000, de inactiveringstemperatuur bij ongeveer 60°C en de houdbaarheid in vitro bij 24 uur.InNicotiana glutinosa beschermde het virus tegen latere infectie met de gele stam van het komkommermozaïekvirus.In hakselpreparaten van geïnfecteerde planten waren de virusdeeltjes slechts met moeite aantoonbaar (Fig. 2). Gezuiverde, met formaline behandelde preparaten bleken echter veel, ongeveer 30 nm grote deeltjes te bevatten (Fig. 3).Tegen gedeeltelijk gezuiverde, met formaline gefixeerde preparaten werden twee antisera met een titer van 64 gemaakt. Serologisch bleek het virus nauw verwant te zijn aan het normale komkommermozaïekvirus en nauwelijks of niet aan het chrysante-aspermievirus (Tabel 3). Het verschilt daarom van het peanut stunt virus, waarvan bekend is dat het in de USA een ernstige ziekte in boon kan veroorzaken.Gedeeltelijke symptoommaskering, hoog infectievermogen, uitgebreide waard-plantenreeks en overgang met zaad doen het virus voor de boneteelt van potentiële betekenis zijn.     

Occurrence and transmission of sowbane mosaic virus in seed from naturally infected plants of spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Sowbane mosaic virus was isolated as a single infectious component from seedlings and seeds from a seed-lot of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) propagated in Hungary, and was identified by experimental host-range, thermal-inactivation point, dilution end-point, electron microscopy and serology.Chenopodium quinoa was more susceptible and/or sensitive to infection thanC. amaranticolor and was a better indicator host, butC. amaranticolor is of diagnostic value. This is the first report on natural infection of spinach by the virus and on its natural seed-transmission in spinach. Growing-on tests on whole seeds and infectivity tests on separate embryos and seed-coats showed that over 30% of the seeds' embryos were infected and c. 80% of the seed-coats contained the virus. The incidence of infection in the spinach crop from which the seed was obtained must have been high.     

A varied population of cucumber mosaic virus from peppers

A varied population of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) isolates is reported from peppers ( Capsicum annuum ) in Australia. Isolates representing both CMV subgroups (serogroups) I and II have been obtained from the same field at the same sampling time. The CMV isolates were typed into subgroup I (eight isolates) and subgroup II (two isolates) using both a nucleic acid hybridization assay and an immunological assay with monoclonal antibodies. The immunological assay described allows the typing of strains in crude sap extracts, obviating the need for purified virions. The spatial and temporal coincidence of both CMV subgroups presents a situation in which pseudorecombinants with reassorted genomic components might arise.     

Evaluation of Seed Transmission of Turnip yellow mosaic virus and Tobacco mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana

ABSTRACT The mechanism of virus transmission through seed was studied in Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Serological and biological tests were conducted to identify the route by which the viruses reach the seed and subsequently are located in the seed. Both TYMV and TMV were detected in seed from infected plants, however only TYMV was seed-transmitted. This is the first report of transmission of TYMV in seed of A. thaliana. Estimating virus seed transmission by grow-out tests was more accurate than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay due to the higher frequency of antigen in the seed coat than in the embryo. Virus in the seed coat did not lead to seedling infection. Thus, embryo invasion is necessary for seed transmission of TYMV in A. thaliana. Crosses between healthy and virus-infected plants indicated that TYMV from either the female or the male parent could invade the seed. Conversely, invasion from maternal tissue was the only route for TMV to invade the seed. Pollination of flowers on healthy A. thaliana with pollen from TYMV-infected plants did not result in systemic infection of healthy plants, despite TYMV being carried by pollen to the seed.     

Natural infection of cucumber mosaic virus on Dianthus barbatus in India

Cucumber mosaic virus (serologically closely related to strains CMV-C and CMV-D) is reported for the first time as a natural infection of Dianthus barbatus causing leaf crinkle and stunting of plants. It was mechanically transmitted to healthy D. barbatus and Vaccaria pyramidata (Caryophyllaceae) and to other herbaceous test plants, and was also aphid-transmissible from D. barbatus to D. barbatus. A convenient host for multiplication and purification of the virus was Nicotiana rustica. The presence of CMV was confirmed in D. barbatus and also in V. pyramidata by Western immunoblotting, but the concentration was too low in both the hosts to detect the virus by agar double diffusion tests.     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病的鉴定与防治

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病是1种检疫性有害生物,主要为害葫芦科瓜类作物,在引种和调运种子、种苗时应加强对种苗进行检测,最好实行产地检疫。通常采用生物学、电镜观察、血清学和分子生物学进行鉴定。控制黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒病的有效方法是调运无病的种苗和瓜果,其次是合理轮作减少毒源。     

Occurrence of a variant of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus in ISRAEL

A virus was isolated from naturally infected melons and squirting cucumber(Ecballium elaterium (L.) Rich) plants collected in the northern part of Israel. Some data are presented on the biological, serological and physical properties of the virus, which was identified as a variant of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus.     

Quercetin influences response in Nicotiana megalosiphon infected by satellite-associated cucumber mosaic virus

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Quercetin is a prominent flavonoid with a remarkable spectrum of biochemical activities. Its impact on human health, as well as its role in the normal...     

The reaction of two lettuce cultivars to mixed infection by beet western yellows virus, lettuce mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus

The interaction of beet western yellows virus (BWYV), lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been studied in lettuce cultivars Little Gem and Saladin. LMV infection alone or in combination with BWYV and or CMV caused the most severe symptoms and yield losses in both cultivars. BWYV caused more severe reactions in Little Gem than in Saladin; the reactions caused by CMV were mild in both cultivars. The interaction between BWYV and CMV infection resulted in a significantly greater yield loss in both cultivars than that caused by BWYV or CMV infection alone.     

甘蔗花叶病毒在玉米种子中的分布及其与种子传毒的关系

 采用免疫学、电镜观察、RT-PCR、组织培养及生物学测定等方法,针对引起玉米矮花叶病的甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)在高感自交系Mo17的乳熟期、蜡熟期、成熟期和室温贮存的成熟干种子上的分布部位及其各部位病毒的侵染性进行了研究。结果表明:病毒存在于种皮、胚乳的糊粉层和胚内,糊粉层和胚内的病毒具有侵染活力,胚内的可侵染性病毒可以通过发芽传递给下一代幼苗,完成病毒的种子传播过程。在种皮内没有检测到具有侵染活力的病毒,在胚乳的淀粉层内未检测到病毒。在种子成熟过程中,种子内的病毒不断得到积累,随着种子的脱水、干燥又被部分钝化,使得种子传毒率降低。