转基因耐除草剂玉米ZZM030对草铵膦、草甘膦及非靶标除草剂的耐受性评价

采用田间试验,鉴定小区随机区组排列,对转基因玉米ZZM030和对应的非转基因对照祥249进行不同用量的草甘膦、草铵膦及非靶标除草剂的喷施处理,分别在用药后7、14、28 d调查和记录成苗率、植株高度、药害症状,评价该转基因玉米品系的目标性状有效性和对非靶标除草剂耐受性。结果表明,转基因玉米ZZM030对草铵膦和草甘膦具有良好的耐受性,对玉米田其他常用除草剂阿特拉津和烟嘧磺隆也具有良好的耐受性,不耐受玉米敏感型除草剂精喹禾灵和稀禾啶。     

利用玉米萌动胚转化体系获得抗除草剂转基因新材料

以玉米杂交种郑单958为受体材料, 建立农杆菌介导的玉米萌动胚转化体系, 并获得抗除草剂转基因玉米材料。经过对农杆菌菌液浓度、共培养时间、乙酰丁香酮的浓度的优化, 农杆菌介导的玉米萌动胚转化法的最优参数为菌液浓度OD₆₀₀值为0.8, 共培养时间为48 h, 乙酰丁香酮的浓度为100 μmol/L。获得69株PCR阳性植株, 其中54株为bar基因金标免疫试纸条检测阳性植株, 29株获得种子;T1代植株具有草丁膦抗性, 并显示出胶体金免疫酶联反应阳性, 表明目的基因已整合玉米基因组内并有效表达, 而且能够稳定遗传给后代。     

转酸性蛋白酶pepB基因玉米的分子鉴定与农艺性状分析

通过分子生物学技术把酸性蛋白酶pepB基因转入受体玉米自交系基因组中,培育转酸性蛋白酶pepB基因玉米新品系。以耐盐基因badh作为筛选标记性基因,经过抗性筛选,对T1、T2、T3代转基因植株进行PCR检测,得到14个T1代转基因阳性植株,32个T2代转基因阳性植株和27个T3代转基因阳性植株。Southern杂交结果表明,外源酸性蛋白酶基因已经整合进玉米基因组中。RT-PCR结果表明,酸性蛋白酶基因在受体玉米中获得表达,获得外源酸性蛋白酶pepB基因遗传表达的T3代转基因玉米株系。通过对T2、T3代转基因玉米各品系农艺性状的分析结果表明,转基因玉米各品系在株高、茎粗、穗长等农艺性状上与受体亲本没有差异,但生育期均有不同程度的缩短。     

转基因耐除草剂玉米C0010.2.2定性PCR检测方法的建立

转基因耐除草剂玉米C0010.2.2是北京大北农生物技术有限公司利用农杆菌介导法,将epsps基因和pat基因转到受体玉米DBN567获得的耐除草剂玉米转化体,具有耐除草剂草甘膦和草铵膦性状。研究建立转基因耐除草剂玉米C0010.2.2的检测方法,在外源基因插入位点的左、右边界分别设计引物,经过引物筛选、特异性测试、灵敏度测试、退火温度和引物浓度测试,建立转基因耐除草剂玉米C0010.2.2的定性PCR检测方法,该方法的检出限和灵敏度可达到0.1%。验证结果表明,该方法可以特异性检测到转化事件,具有很好的重复性和再现性。     

转基因小麦中bar基因检测方法研究

为解决转基因小麦中bar基因检测假阳性率偏高的问题,采用不同环境下PCR检测、叶片Basta涂抹检测和转基因试纸检测3种方法对转bar基因小麦进行了检测。结果表明,在无菌环境下进行PCR检测、利用适宜浓度的Basta进行叶片涂抹检测和转基因试纸检测均能准确进行bar基因检测。此外,本研究还讨论了不同检测方法的优缺点,以期为不同情况下如何避免假阳性及假阴性植株提供参考。     

利用CRISPR-Cas9技术编辑ZmSh2基因创制超甜玉米新种质

选取玉米ZmSh2基因,利用CRISPR-Cas9技术构建基因编辑载体pBUE411-ZmSh2,以玉米C01未成熟的幼胚组织为受体,利用农杆菌介导法将目的基因转入到玉米幼胚中,以草铵膦为选择剂进行筛选获得ZmSh2基因编辑的突变体株系。通过表型观察发现,编辑的纯合突变体材料明显比对照玉米自交系C01褶皱,使用手持式糖度仪检测突变体植株的甜度可达到25%。结果表明,利用CRISPR-Cas9技术能够创制出超甜玉米新种质材料,为CRISPR-Cas9介导玉米其他性状定向遗传改良提供了重要的理论和实践依据。     

聚合Cry1C和VHb基因玉米抗虫耐渍新种质的创制

分别收集转外源抗虫基因Cry1C、耐渍基因VHb的Hi Ⅱ、A188 玉米材料T₁代阳性转化单株花粉,与生产上常用的郑58、248、掖478、昌7-2等30多份自交系杂交和回交,采用“200 mg/L的草铵膦初选－PCR检测－表型鉴定”筛选程序对后代植株进行阳性单株筛选,连续进行3次回交和筛选得到BC₃家系,将具有相同遗传背景、不同目标基因的家系杂交,随后选择含2个目标基因的个体与轮回亲本回交和筛选,至BC₅后自交纯合获得双抗新系11份。所得到的新系在抗虫、耐渍性状上与轮回亲本有显著差异。     

花器浸染法转化玉米途径研究

以4个自育玉米自交系为受体材料, 采用农杆菌介导, 以4种不同处理方法直接浸染玉米花器, 将耐草甘膦基因2mG2-epsps转入玉米种质, 研究简洁、高效的玉米转基因途径。结果表明, 获得T₀种子7 986粒, 成苗6 144株;苗期经1.25‰草甘膦异丙铵盐溶液筛选后, 共成活15株;经特异PCR检测发现, 其中2株植株呈阳性, 阳性率为13.33%。初步证明, 通过直接注射授粉后18～22 h玉米果穗的方法能将外源基因导入玉米中。     

高粱EPSPS基因的克隆、修饰及在玉米中的功能验证

针对草甘膦结合位点,对高粱5-烯醇式丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶（EPSPS）基因进行4种定点修饰,将修饰后的基因分别导入到玉米中。通过对转化体的抗性鉴定,确定将高粱EPSPS基因106位的脯氨酸变为丝氨酸（P106S）能够赋予转基因玉米草甘膦抗性。在喷施4倍的草甘膦时抗性事件CL38-1不产生药害。Southern杂交结果表明,目标基因在该转化事件中稳定遗传,转化其余3种EPSPS基因的植株对草甘膦没有足够的抗性。     

转Cry1A.401基因抗虫玉米CM8302和CM8303对亚洲玉米螟的抗性研究

采用农杆菌介导法获得转Cry1A.401基因抗虫玉米CM8302和CM8303,通过多代回交与自交获得BC₄F₁、BC₄F₂和BC₄F₃世代的转基因玉米材料。利用qRT-PCR和ELISA方法明确转基因抗虫玉米叶片、花丝和子粒均有Cry1A.401基因表达,不同世代间目的基因表达量无显著差异。田间接虫鉴定结果表明,CM8302和CM8303三个世代心叶期和吐丝期的抗性等级均为1级,抗性水平为高抗。室内生测结果表明,亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食CM8302心叶、花丝和子粒第6天存活率分别为0、4.0%和4.0%;取食CM8303心叶、花丝和子粒第6天存活率分别为0、4.0%和2.0%。分析显示转基因抗虫玉米CM8302和CM8303的心叶、花丝和子粒均具有显著杀虫效果且遗传稳定。     

Response of wheat (Tritium aestivum) to low rates of glyphosate and glufosinate

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at Hamilton Farms near Lonoke, Arkansas, USA to evaluate the potential impact of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate and glufosinate on winter wheat (Tritium aestivum). Three wheat cultivars were seeded, and glyphosate and glufosinate were applied at 1/10 and 1/20 times the labeled dose at the 3- to 4-leaf, panicle initiation, and boot stages. Both herbicides caused significant injury to wheat; however, wheat response to both herbicides was different. Glufosinate injury occurred rapidly and consisted of mainly leaf necrosis. Glyphosate injury to wheat was minimal and manifested in the form of leaf yellowing. Glyphosate caused shortened flag leaf when applied at PI and reduced canopy height when applied at boot. Injury was minimal to wheat across all treatments, with the highest level of injury being 34% following glufosinate applied at boot. Conversely, wheat was most sensitive to glyphosate at the 3- to 4-leaf stage. Flag leaf length was reduced the greatest by glyphosate at PI, whereas glufosinate reduced flag leaf length minimally. Even though glyphosate injury was lower than that of glufosinate, yield was reduced more by glyphosate. Wheat seed weight and germination were not affected by either herbicide. Wheat appears to be slightly more sensitive to glyphosate with respect to yield; however, it is slightly more sensitive to glufosinate with respect to foliar injury.     

转Cry1Ab-Ma基因玉米CM8101对亚洲玉米螟抗性研究

利用q RT-PCR和ELISA等方法测定转Cry1Ab-Ma基因玉米CM8101不同世代、不同组织目标基因表达量,开展玉米螟室内和田间生测鉴定,评价转Cry1Ab-Ma基因玉米CM8101对亚洲玉米螟的抗性。结果表明,Cry1Ab-Ma基因在CM8101各组织中均有表达,不同世代间目的基因的表达量无显著性差异,遗传稳定。室内生测结果表明,转基因玉米CM8101各组织均对亚洲玉米螟具有显著的杀虫效果,不同世代间玉米螟的存活率均无显著性差异。田间接虫鉴定结果表明,CM8101在T3、T4、T5世代的抗性等级均为1级,抗性水平为高抗。     

玉米花粉管通道法转化脱水素BDN1基因

通过花粉管通道法将脱水素基因BDN1转入玉米自交系合344中,并对转化后代进行PCR和RT-PCR分子检测以及耐盐性功能鉴定,筛选耐盐性较高的转基因玉米新种质.结果表明,实验共获得88株T0代除草剂抗性植株,其中31株PCR检测呈阳性,14株RT-PCR检测呈阳性,对T4代转基因株系苗期进行300 mmol/L NaCl溶液的盐胁迫处理, 2个转基因株系耐盐性比对照提高两个级别.     

Resistance levels and fitness of glufosinate-resistant transgenic sweet potato in field experiments

Transgenic herbicide-resistant sweet potato plants [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] produced through a biolistic transformation were used in this study. The objectives of this research were to (a) quantify resistance levels of transgenic sweet potato expressing the bar gene to glutamine synthetase (GS)-inhibitors, glufosinate and methionine sulfoximine, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide, oxyfluorfen and photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide, paraquat; (b) compare the relative chlorophyll content, quantum yield, growth, and tuberous root yield between transgenic and wild-type sweet potato; (c) compare the response of transgenic and wild-type sweet potato plants to chilling and high temperature, and (d) compare amino acids, minerals and sugar contents of transgenic and wild-type sweet potato tubers. The transgenic sweet potato lines were 20-82-fold more resistant to glufosinate than the wild-type. The representative transgenic line 7171 also showed resistance to methionine sulfoximine, but was not resistant to oxyfluorfen and paraquat, which have different target sites. The stem length, number of leaves, petiole length, shoot fresh weight, and storage roots of transgenic lines were lower than those of the wild-type in field experiments. Reduced growth and root yield were not due to reduced quantum yield and relative chlorophyll contents. Glufosinate increased the ammonium accumulation in leaves of wild-type plants, but had minimal or no effect on leaves of transgenic line 7171. There were differences in mineral contents, free sugars, total amino acids, and free amino acids in the petiole and storage roots between wild-type and line 7171. There was no difference in drought tolerance between wild-type and line 7171, but the transgenic line was more tolerant to chilling temperature than wild-type plants. Follow-up research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the growth and yield differences, different nutritional values, and differential response to low temperature between wild-type and transgenic sweet potato.     

玉米耐盐基因ZmHKT1;5在烟草中的功能验证

HKT类基因是与植物耐盐性密切相关的一类基因。在作物中HKT蛋白可通过排出Na+来维持植物体内的Na~+/K~+平衡,从而影响植物耐盐性。通过在烟草中过表达玉米ZmHKT1;5基因,验证该基因具有提高植物耐盐性的作用。结果表明,过表达ZmHKT1;5基因的T0代材料即显示出叶片耐盐能力的明显提高;T2代转基因株系种子在含盐培养基上的发芽能力明显强于野生型材料,T2代转基因株系幼苗阶段的耐盐能力也得到了明显的提高。通过比较在盐胁迫后2月龄的转基因材料和野生型材料的生理指标,发现野生型材料中MDA和H_2O_2的含量相较转基因材料发生了更为明显的上升,说明转基因材料中过表达ZmHKT1;5基因有效降低了盐胁迫引起的过氧化物积累。综合转基因验证的结果,证明ZmHKT1;5基因具有提高植物耐盐性的作用。     

农杆菌介导法将高赖氨酸蛋白基因sb401导入玉米的研究

以玉米杂交组合PA×PB的胚性愈伤组织为材料,通过农杆菌介导法将高赖氨酸蛋白基因sb401导入到玉米中。经过双丙胺膦筛选,共获得70株再生植株,其中15株经PCR检测呈阳性,将部分PCR呈阳性的植株进行Southern杂交,结果表明,sb401基因已经整合到玉米基因组中。bar蛋白试纸条检测结果呈阳性,推测目的蛋白得到了表达。