多媒体自主讲课教学模式在草业科学教学中的实践

作为一种新的教学模式,多媒体自主讲课将多媒体教学与自主讲课结合起来,通过学生制作多媒体课件、课堂讲解、课后讨论等环节,提升学生自主创新、口头表达等方面的能力,改善课堂氛围,促进我国人才培养模式的发展。     

Buffalo and Bali cattle—Exploiting their reproductive behaviour and physiology

Summary Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) occupy production niches in much of the developing world’s agricultural systems which in the developed world are occupied byBos indicus andBos taurus. Both the former species are better-adapted to these environments and systems. Both depend on population survival strategies different from each other’s and from those ofB. indicus andB. taurus. Water buffalo rely on longevity and late sexual maturity, while Bali cattle rely on high conception rates and sacrifice of juveniles when the population is under stress. Knowledge of these different strategies will help in formulation of management strategies for maximising nett reproductive rates. This paper briefly describes each species, reviews its survival strategies and summarises the available data on the reproductive characteristics of each.

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Résumé Le buffle d’eau (Bubalus bubalis) et le bovin de Bali (Bos sondaicus), occupent dans les systèmes agraires de bien des pays en voie de développement des crénaux de production qui sont l’apanage, dans les pays développés, deBos indicus etBos taurus. Les deux premières espèces sont l’une et l’autre mieux adaptées à ces environnments et à leurs systèmes agraires, mais toutes deux dépendent de stratégies de survie démographique à la fois différentes pour chacune et également de celles relatives àBos taurus etBos indicus. Pour le buffle d’eau, il s’agit de la longévité et d’une maturité sexuelle tardive alors que les taux élevés de conception et le sacrifice des jeunes sujets caractérisent le bovin balinais, lorsque la population est sous l’effet d’une pression quelconque. La connaissance de ces différentes stratégies contribuera à la formulation de règles de qestion des élevages, afin de maximiser les taux nets de reproduction. L’article décrit brièvement chaque espèce, passe en revue ses stratégies de survie et résume les données disponibles sur les caractéristiques de reproduction de chacune d’elles. Resumen El búfalo de agua (Bubalus bubalis) y el ganado Bali (Bos sondaicus), ocupan nichos productivos en los sistemas agrícolas de paises en vías de desarrollo industrial, nichos ocupados por elB. indicus y elB. taurus en países desarrollados. Ambas especies citadas al principio, están mejor adaptadas al ambiente y a los sistemas de producción. Ambos dependen de estratégias de supervivencia diferentes entre ellas y de aquellas exhibidas por elB. indicus y elB. taurus. E1 búfalo de agua, depende de longevidad y madurez sexual tardía, mientras que el ganado Bali depende de altas tasas de concepción y por ende del sacrificio de animales jóvenes cuando la población está bajo estrés. E1 conocimiento de las diferentes estratégias de supervivencia por ellos utilizadas, ayudará en la formulación de estratégias de manejo, para maximizar las tasas reproductivas netas. Este artículo describe brevemente cada especie, revisa las estratégias de supervivencia utilizadas y resume las características reproductivas de cada una de ellas.

     

Impacting policy through science and education

Scientists, researchers, and their findings are critical factors in helping to resolve contemporary societal problems. Because of the tremendous interconnectivity of our lives and the expanded scope and scale of the medical and health problems we face, the research community needs to be both more involved and more competent in the development of public policy and to become more effective participants in the political and media activities in which their work is firmly embedded. This article suggests that researchers and scientists will be more relevant, have more impact, and be more productive if they can blend outstanding science with new non-cognitive skills that can reinforce the important social context of their work.     

Evidence-informed education in the health care science professions

The use of evidence to inform the practice and policy of professional education in the health care sciences is taking on an increasingly important role alongside the use of more traditional types of knowledge. It is an addition to the repertoire in this and many professions that draw on social-science discipline knowledge. In the field of health care science professional education, the Best Evidence Medical Education Collaboration (BEME) leads the movement toward evidence-informed practice. It is a movement not without controversy, and lively debate on epistemological and practical issues is in progress. With publication of the first BEME Reviews in 2005, this debate will be extended. We can expect energetic and healthy commentaries on both the review process and the substantive findings. All this will make a valuable contribution to an important aspect of professional education practice and policy that is here to stay.     

加强饲料科学理论研究

本文聚焦于饲料组成及营养质量方面的理论分析,例如,最近一直在讨论抗生素替代品,可是我们以前一直没有抗生素,人和牲畜生存良好;二是我们人类从来没有在食物中添加抗生素,如果饭菜中添加了抗生素人会不舒服,为什么猪饲料中一定要添加抗生素?再如,我国猪、羊,一直以高繁殖力著称,现在为什么繁殖力低下,实际上主要是饲料的改变,没有青绿饲料了,不喂青绿饲料。本文针对这些问题,提出集约化养殖条件下的解决办法。     

Serologic and reproductive findings after a herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in goats

CASE DESCRIPTION: An abortion storm occurred in a goat herd, resulting in 75 aborted kids and 1 neonatal death from December 2004 to February 2005. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Aborted fetuses ranged from being premature to past term. Laboratory findings in 4 of 5 aborted fetuses were consistent with herpesvirus abortion. A virus that yielded positive results with a fluorescent antibody test for bovine herpesvirus-1 was isolated and identified as caprine herpesvirus-1 (CpHV-1) via DNA sequence analysis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Many does that aborted were rebred for kidding in late summer. Most of the young wethers born in 2005 were sold; however, all of the young does were kept for breeding in fall. In November 2005, all 241 goats in the herd were tested for antibodies against CpHV-1 to identify goats that had seroconverted during the outbreak. No complications attributable to CpHV-1 were identified during kidding in 2006. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of serologic findings, infection with CpHV-1 was not associated with reduced reproductive success in the subsequent breeding.     

秩和检验在饲料科学研究中的应用

本文简要介绍了两种常用的秩和检验方法，并结合饲料科学研究及饲料分析中的实例进行说明，探讨两种方法在该领域的应用。     

Agricultural education and research in New Zealand

Extract

The Presidential address provides an opportunity for the president of organizations such as ours to express publicly his ideas and opinions on any matter with somewhat more weight than they might otherwise carry. This privilege must therefore be taken with due humility and circumspection, for it is not unusual for statements to be weighed solely on the standing of the person making them, without reference to his special qualifications for doing so; nor, unfortunately, is it rare for people well qualified in certain spheres to make seemingly authoritative statements on things about which they know very little.     

繁殖障碍型猪瘟的研究进展

猪瘟是威胁我国乃至全世界养猪业的主要疾病。目前该病的流行和发病特点发生了很大变化 ,本文仅就繁殖障碍型猪瘟的发病情况、发病特点及其防制的研究进展作一综述     

草业科学专业高等职业教育框架刍议

本文论述了草业职业教育的性质和重要性以及我国高等草业职业教育现状,论证了草业科学的3类因子群,3个主要界面和4个生产层的理论是构建草业科学专业的理论基础;提出了草业科学职业教育层次的框架系统及专业设置;以草业高等职业教育为例,尝试拟订其课程框架及其可开设的课程名称;目前我国的草业职业教育在大多数省区尚属空白,为此应尽早、大力弥补和改变这种情况,否则将严重制约我国草业发展。     

Bacteriologic findings in ostrich (Struthio camelus) eggs from farms with reproductive failures

From January 2001 to December 2002, 543 ostrich eggs were submitted for bacteriologic investigation. The eggs were laid by 387 domesticated ostriches that suffered fertility disorders and that came from 44 farms located in different areas of Northern and Central Italy. Microbiologic investigations showed bacterial isolation in 105 (19.3%) of 543 eggs examined, with a high prevalence of enterobacteria from albumen and yolk. In only a few cases did bacterial isolation result from yolk or albumen alone. An antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted on isolates by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. This is the first report regarding the microbiologic status of eggs from ostrich farms located in different Italian regions.     

我国草坪学研究文献的统计分析

以《中文科技期刊全文数据库》为统计分析源,采用文献计量方法对1997-2006年我国草坪学研究论文进行分析。通过对文献量年代变化、期刊分布情况以及论文主题等方面的统计分析,结果表明,我国的草坪学研究在1997-2006年间文献量呈线性增长趋势,正处于快速发展阶段;《草业科学》、《草原与草坪》、《四川草原》、《中国草地》、《草业学报》、《草地学报》6种期刊在1997-2006年发文量较高,是我国草坪学研究的核心期刊群;草坪草的生态学、生物学、生理生化、解剖学、细胞学、分子学、基因水平研究已经成为我国草坪学研究的重点和热点。