非洲菊切花水分平衡、鲜重变化和瓶插寿命的关系探究

为提高瓶插非洲菊切花的品质,延长瓶插寿命,研究了不同配方保鲜液处理的非洲菊切花的水分平衡、鲜重变化、鲜重变化率和瓶插寿命各指标的变化规律及其关系。结果表明,处理2(蒸馏水+30 g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-HQ+150 mg/L CA+75 mg/L KH2PO4)、处理3(蒸馏水+30 g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L8-HQ+150 mg/L CA+50 mg/L NaHPO4.2H2O)的保鲜剂配方保鲜效果为好,尤以处理2配方的保鲜效果最佳,瓶插寿命是对照(蒸馏水处理)的2.4倍,达到12 d以上。处理2、3非洲菊切花的瓶插寿命与水分平衡值、鲜重变化率分别呈线性和多项式回归关系,二者的水分平衡值与瓶插寿命的相关系数分别为R=0.984 5和R=0.989 5,鲜重变化率与瓶插寿命的相关系数分别为R=0.994 3和R=0.995 5;处理2、3分别在4.351、4.247 d时的水分平衡值为0,在6.633、6.526 d时切花花枝占最初的质量百分数为100%,这些参数为非洲菊切花的瓶插保鲜提供了重要的理论依据。     

植物源月季切花保鲜剂的筛选研究

以切花月季"戴安娜"为试验花材,以蔗糖、大蒜水提液和VC为原料,按照L9(34)正交设计配制瓶插液,通过测定瓶插寿命、花径变化率、鲜质量损失率和水分平衡值,研究不同瓶插液的保鲜效果.结果表明:在瓶插寿命指标上,20 g/L蔗糖+大蒜水提液(水提料液比1∶20(g/mL))+100 mg/L VC的配方组合表现最佳.极差分析表明,蔗糖是影响月季切花瓶插寿命的最主要因素,大蒜水提液次之.在鲜质量损失率指标上,10 g/L蔗糖+大蒜水提液(水提料液比1∶40(g/mL))+200 mg/L VC的配方组合表现最优.所有处理对月季切花的花径变化率和水分平衡值无显著影响.     

保鲜剂对杜鹃切花采后品质的影响

为探究不同保鲜剂对杜鹃切花采后观赏品质的影响,并筛选出杜鹃切花的适合保鲜剂配方,以东洋杜鹃品种‘红元宝’为研究对象,采用不同保鲜剂对其进行瓶插处理,测定不同处理对切花瓶插寿命、鲜质量变化、水分平衡、质膜稳定性等生理指标和观赏品质的影响。结果表明：100～300 mg/L8-羟基喹啉对‘红元宝’切花的保鲜具有积极作用,可有效延缓花瓣边缘卷曲和萎蔫,促进花径的增大并保持更长的开花时间（18 d）,维持切花体内水分平衡,减缓其鲜质量变化及质膜透性的增加。而0.2～0.6 mmol/L硫代硫酸银处理不利于‘红元宝’杜鹃切花采后品质的保持,反而加剧了切花的衰老。经筛选,确定30 g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-羟基喹啉为‘红元宝’杜鹃切花的最适保鲜剂。     

非洲菊鲜切花瓶插保鲜液的比较研究

利用蔗糖、食盐、阿斯匹林、柠檬酸、青霉素等配成不同的保鲜液对非洲菊鲜切花进行保鲜处理,试验结果表明,经过不同保鲜液处理后的瓶插非洲菊鲜切花寿命和花枝鲜重等指标都有明显改观,其中2.5%蔗糖 1%食盐和2.5%蔗糖 1/3片阿司匹林 1%食盐两组合均对延长非洲菊瓶插鲜切花寿命有明显改善,保鲜效果理想,为家庭、花店、宾馆、宴会等场合鲜切花瓶插保鲜提供理论依据.     

含矮壮素的保鲜剂对非洲菊切花保鲜及生理生化的影响

以非洲菊为试材,研究了含矮壮素(CCC)的保鲜液对非洲菊切花的瓶插寿命和相关生理特性的影响。结果表明,加含矮壮素的保鲜液瓶插液B(30g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐+50mg/L矮壮素)的寿命(11.5d)与对照相比(9.5d)延长2d;水分平衡值达到零的时间比对照晚3d,花瓣丙二醛(MDA)含量和脯氨酸含量(Pro)及相对电导率(REC)比对照上升趋势缓慢。以上结果说明,瓶插液添加适当浓度的矮壮素,可以调节非洲菊切花的生理特性,并延长其瓶插寿命。     

化学药剂对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响

为了研究预处理和瓶插液配方对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响,通过对瓶插期间月季切花的形态变化的观察,进行了保剂配方试验。结果表明,化学药剂能明显缓解月季切花水分胁迫,改善体内水分平衡,能不同程度的延长瓶插寿命。通过对几十种保鲜剂的研究和筛选,选择出2－3种具有良好保鲜效果的保鲜剂。     

赤霉素和青霉素对芍药切花衰老的影响

以芍药‘春晓’（Paeonia lactiflora‘Chunxiao’）的切花为试验材料,采用室内瓶插的方法。在基本瓶插液（3％蔗糖＋200mg/L8-羟基喹啉＋150mg／L柠檬酸）中分别添加不同浓度赤霉素、青霉素,通过对其外部形态和衰老过程中生理生化指标的测定,探讨了赤霉素、青霉素对芍药切花采后瓶插品质的影响。结果表明,适宜浓度的赤霉素、青霉素可有效提高切花的SOD、CAT活性,降低02-生成速率、MDA含量,减少活性氧对切花的伤害;改善切花的水分平衡值,降低脯氨酸含量,减少水分胁迫对切花造成的伤害;增加可溶性蛋白质含量,为切花提供能源物质,从而延缓衰老,延长瓶插寿命,改善切花瓶插期间的观赏品质。青霉素100mg／L 处理的效果最佳,瓶插寿命比对照延长2．5d。     

家用保鲜液对非洲菊切花保鲜效应的研究

为延长非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii Bolus)切花的保鲜时间,利用白糖、白醋和洗洁精混合制成家用保鲜液。通过测定瓶插寿命、花径、观赏值、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量,研究不同浓度配比的家用保鲜液对切花品质和寿命的影响。结果表明:非洲菊切花瓶插期间,处理9(30 g/L白糖+20 g/L白醋+1.2 m L洗洁精)切花的瓶插寿命为12.3 d,比对照延长3.8 d;最大花径达到9.38 cm,比对照增大1.03 cm;可溶性蛋白含量最高,丙二醛(MDA)含量增长速率最慢,可作为非洲菊切花的理想家用保鲜液。通过采用正交表L9(34)设计,极差分析表明,保鲜液组成中白糖水平的变化对可溶性蛋白含量的变化影响最大,而洗洁精则对MDA含量的影响最大。研究结果可为非洲菊及其它鲜切花家用保鲜液体系的建立提供理论依据。     

蔗糖对向日葵切花保鲜效果的影响研究

以向日葵切花为试验材料,采用5 g/L、10 g/L、20 g/L、40 g/L的蔗糖溶液作为保鲜液,用蒸馏水作为对照。结果表明,5 g/L的蔗糖溶液能够有效增强向日葵切花的吸水能力,增加花枝的鲜重,显著延长向日葵切花的瓶插寿命,是向日葵切花保鲜液中蔗糖的合理浓度,值得推广。     

1-MCP对香石竹“Sangria”切花贮藏保鲜及瓶插寿命的影响

为研究保鲜剂1-甲基环丙烯(1-Methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)对香石竹“Sangria”切花贮藏期、瓶插寿命及瓶插期生理代谢的影响,分别采用0.64、1.28、1.92μL/L 1-MCP对香石竹“Sangria”切花进行熏蒸处理,对冷藏(2～4℃)和室温(25℃)瓶插过程中切花状态进行调查。结果表明:室温条件下,1-MCP能够显著延长香石竹切花的瓶插寿命,其中浓度为1.92μL/L时效果最佳,香石竹切花瓶插寿命由4 d延长至8 d;冷藏条件下,1.92μL/L 1-MCP处理的切花开放指数达到0.8的时间为101 d,而对照组仅为18 d,大大延长了香石竹切花的冷藏时间。进一步调查冷藏后香石竹切花瓶插时发现:所有经1-MCP处理且冷藏110 d的香石竹切花可在瓶插1 d后正常开放;1.92μL/L 1-MCP处理可显著增加切花的相对吸水率,减缓花瓣电导率上升;瓶插第11天的1.92μL/L 1-MCP处理组花朵萎蔫率仅为7.1%,而对照组花朵萎蔫率达到78.5%。因此,1.92μL/L 1-MCP熏蒸处理可作为香石竹切花保鲜处理方案进行推广。     

脱落酸在牡丹切花衰老中的作用

为探明脱落酸(ABA)在牡丹切花衰老中的作用,为其保鲜技术的开发提供理论依据,以类似跃变型切花牡丹‘如花似玉’为试材,研究ABA和钨酸钠（ABA合成抑制剂）处理对其瓶插期间的开花指数、花径增大率、瓶插寿命、最佳观赏期、花瓣ABA含量和内源乙烯释放量等指标的影响,探讨ABA在牡丹切花衰老中的作用。结果表明,外源ABA处理可以加快牡丹切花衰老进程,缩短瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期;花瓣ABA含量与内源乙烯释放量显著正相关;花瓣ABA含量高峰始终出现在内源乙烯释放量高峰之前。所以,ABA可能以诱导乙烯大量合成的方式间接加速牡丹切花的衰老。     

纳米铜加蔗糖处理对非洲菊切花的保鲜作用

为探究新型纳米级无机杀菌剂纳米铜(nano-copper,NC)处理对切花的保鲜效应,以非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii)'红艳'切花为试材,观测不同浓度NC单独处理及其与蔗糖组合溶液瓶插处理对非洲菊瓶插寿命、观赏品质和水分关系的影响.结果表明,与去离子水处理(对照组)相比,1、3、5mg/LNC单独处理对非...     

不同浓度的山梨酸保鲜剂对非洲菊切花保鲜效果的研究

以30mg／L蔗糖＋500mg／L硝酸钙的基本液为对照,添加不同浓度（30、50、70、100mg／L）的山梨酸．研究不同浓度的山梨酸保鲜液对非洲菊鲜切花的保鲜效果。结果表明：各处理与对照相比,均能不同程度增加鲜切花的鲜重,增大花径,延长瓶插寿命,其中以添加100mg／L山梨酸的保鲜液保鲜效果最好,鲜重可比初始值增加16．8％,内层花径变化率比对照增加8．6％,瓶插寿命可比对照延长3d。     

Postharvest characteristics of cut dahlia flowers with a focus on ethylene and effectiveness of 6-benzylaminopurine treatments in extending vase life

With the aim of extending vase life of cut dahlia flowers, we investigated the postharvest characteristics of the flowers. Our focus was on the role of ethylene on senescence and on treatments that have extended vase life of other flowers. Continuous exposure to ethylene at 2 or 10 μL L⁻¹ significantly accelerated petal abscission in cut flowers. Flowers continuously immersed in 1 or 10 μL L⁻¹ 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) solution wilted earlier than those treated with distilled water (DW) or 0.15 g L⁻¹ citric acid. Ethylene production from the ovary and ray petal was relatively high (4.5 and 0.9 nL g⁻¹ fresh weight h⁻¹, respectively) at harvest, but decreased gradually over 5 days. No remarkable increase in ethylene production was observed during senescence. Silver thiosulfate complex (STS), an inhibitor of ethylene action, did not extend the vase life of cut flowers, although a high silver concentration was detected in flower organs. In contrast, pulse treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and dip treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) extended the vase life of florets, and BA was more effective than 1-MCP when the flowers were held in both DW and CEPA. BA spray treatment extended vase life of cut ‘Kokucho,’ ‘Kamakura’ and ‘Michan’ flowers. These results suggest that dahlia flower senescence is partially regulated by ethylene, and BA is more effective in delaying the senescence of cut dahlia flowers than ethylene action inhibitors.     

喇叭水仙切花保鲜技术研究

以Golden Harvest为材料,研究预冷时间和保鲜液配比对喇叭水仙鲜切花保鲜效果的影响,在盛花期取三年生Golden Harvest的新鲜花枝,花枝必须生长一致且接近开放,把鲜切花放在5 ℃、相对湿度70%的冰箱中,分别预冷24、36、48 h,结果表明喇叭水仙鲜切花预冷36 h的花径最先达到最大值,且对花的伤害最轻;以预冷36 h的花枝为材料,对SUG与8-HQC以及AgNO3与6-BA分别进行了不同浓度配比试验,结果表明喇叭水仙的保鲜液的最佳配比为5% SUG＋200 mg/L 8-HQC＋45 mg/L AgNO3＋5 mg/L 6-BA,此保鲜液有利于延长切花瓶插寿命、促进开花度和延缓鲜重的降低速度,此条件下喇叭水仙的瓶插寿命可达14.5天,花开的最大直径可达9.21 cm,维持盛开时间达3.6天,且不易发生霉变腐烂。     

Effects of ethylene on volatile emission and fragrance in cut roses: The relationship between fragrance and vase life

The relationship between fragrance and vase life and the role of ethylene on volatile emission in cut rose flowers was investigated. No relationship was observed between the amounts of volatile compounds emitted and vase life when fragrant and non-fragrant rose cultivars were compared. Neither ethylene production nor respiration rate of flowers was directly related with vase life. Volatile production during vase life was differential and independent among volatiles originating from different biosynthetic groups. Ethylene did not play a role in the regulation of volatile emission in rose flowers. Endogenous ethylene production was very low in most of the cultivars and did not show autocatalytic production trends. Volatile emission patterns during vase life did not parallel endogenous ethylene production. Exogenous ethylene exposure had differential effects among all cultivars, regardless of the fragrance of the flower. Fragrant cultivar ‘Osiana’ was highly sensitive to exogenous ethylene, with petals abscising within 24 h of ethylene (1 μL L^?1) exposure while other fragrant cultivars ‘Erin’ and ‘Lovely Dream’ had low ethylene sensitivity. Volatile production was unaffected by exogenous ethylene. The results of this study indicate that volatile emission in cut roses is not regulated by endogenous or exogenous ethylene and occurs independently of petal senescence and/or abscission. These results provide a better understanding of the complexity of volatile emission in rose flowers.     

Effect of pre- and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on physio-chemical attributes in relation to vase-life of rose cut flowers

The naturally short vase-life of cut rose flowers, leads to difficulties with long-distance transportation and subsequent marketing. This study was conducted to determine whether application of salicylic acid (SA) pre- and postharvest could improve vase-life of cut rose flowers of the ‘Black Magic’ variety. Aqueous solutions of 50-200 μM salicylic acid were sprayed on roses grown in a controlled greenhouse about two weeks before harvest and flowers were cut and kept in a vase solution of SA (50-400 μM) to examine SA effects on the vase-life, flower development and senescence, increase/decrease of relative fresh and dry weight, vase solution uptake and activity of an antioxidant enzyme, catalase (CAT). All of these attributes were positively affected by SA treatment. The vase solutions containing SA showed a significant increase in cumulative uptake, relative fresh weight, and CAT activity. Generally, CAT activity in intact and cut flowers decreased during the flower bud development with the lowest activity present at petal senescence. However, SA retarded the decrease of CAT activity during senescence both in flowers and leaves compared to the water control. Postharvest SA application prolonged vase-life in cut rose flowers by improving the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity related to CAT activity and by better regulation of the water balance.     

Ca2+参与NO对切花月季瓶插期间乙烯合成的调控

分别用0.1 mmol?L-1 SNP（NO供体）、0.1 mmol?L-1 SNP+0.3 mmol?L-1的TFP（CaM）、0.1 mmol?L-1 SNP+10 mmol?L-1的TFP（Ca2+螯合剂）、6 mmol?L-1 Ca2+、6 mmol?L-1 Ca2++0.05 mmol?L-1的PTIO（NO清除剂）处理切花月季‘Kardinal’,研究切花瓶插期间内源乙烯的生物合成变化以及Ca2+在NO对切花月季瓶插期间乙烯合成调控中的作用。结果表明：Ca2+处理能提高月季瓶插前期花瓣中的NOS活性,保持了花瓣中的NO的较高水平,减缓切花瓶插后期NOS活性的升高,进一步研究表明,Ca2+螯合剂EGTA和CaM的抑制剂TFP处理却可使花瓣中的ACS和ACO活性升高,ACC的含量增加,从而加速了乙烯的生物合成;同时,NO的清除剂PTIO处理也可以抑制由于Ca2+处理导致的ACS和ACO的活性降低以及乙烯合成底物ACC的含量下降。因此,Ca2+和CaM可能参与了NO对切花瓶插期间乙烯的合成调控及其信号转导。