滨海城市盐碱地园林绿化技术探讨

随着国民经济和社会的迅速发展,人口增长与耕地减少的矛盾日益突出,各类盐土资源,特别是我国海岸带盐土作为一种重要的土地后备资源,亟待去开发、利用和保护.现针对滨海盐碱地区土壤条件苛刻,土地生产力低,难于建立植被,严重制约这些地区园林绿化的质量和数量等问题,在原有滨海城市盐碱地园林绿化技术的基础上,通过物理措施、工程措施、化学措施、生物措施等改良盐碱地土壤环境并结合选择耐盐植物,为这一地区盐碱地改良及城市绿化提供适宜的树种和技术标准,丰富沿海地区园林树种,增加树种多样性,改善沿海发达地区的生态环境和投资环境,为我国东部沿海地区园林绿化成活率提供重要保障.     

木麻黄海岸林林下套种技术与综合效益探讨

以福建泉州木麻黄海岸林为研究对象,探讨了木麻黄林下套种技术以及林下套种植被的生长效果和综合效益。经实践证明,木麻黄海岸林林下套种技术能够提高海岸土地资源的利用效率,降低风速,提高林分生产力和综合防护能力,因此值得进行深入研究和推广。     

Postharvest conditioning temperatures and fruit maturity on flavedo soluble sugars of coastal and desert lemons

Summary

The content and changes in flavedo soluble sugars of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. of different maturity derived from coastal and desert climatic regions to two postharvest conditioning temperatures of 158C and 108C were determined. Conditioning caused significant changes of flavedo soluble sugars in lemons of the two geographic areas. Raffinose level increased with duration of conditioning in both desert and coastal lemons and was slightly higher at 108C than at 158C conditioning. The flavedo sucrose content of green coastal lemons was greater than silver or yellow lemons and increased significantly in silver and yellow lemons after conditioning for 3 d at 158Cor108C, but declined significantly in all maturity classes to a low level with conditioning of more than 3 d. In contrast, the flavedo sucrose content of green and yellow desert lemons was 2.8–fold and 1.7–fold greater, respectively, than comparable coastal lemon flavedo, with the green lemon flavedo showing a significant gradual decrease with increasing duration of conditioning at 158C and 108C, but not in yellow lemon flavedo. The flavedo glucose and fructose contents of desert lemons remained relatively unchanged with conditioning at 158C and 108C, but their contents in yellow, silver and green coastal lemon flavedo increased after prolonged conditioning. The flavedo fructose content of yellow coastal lemons was significantly greater than green lemons, but there was no difference in flavedo fructose content of green and yellow desert lemons. The observed alteration of flavedo soluble sugars associated with conditioning provided an insight of cellular response to temperature, and emphasized the importance of climatic origin on lemon flavedo sugar composition.     

沿海防护林在滨海湿地景观建设中的运用

沿海防护林是滨海湿地的主要组成部分,现试图通过对台州市滨海湿地建设的研究,将二者在景观建设中结合起来。可以通过在滨海湿地中种植红树林、利用沿海防护林实现生物多样性、在湿地内建滨海观光游憩区等途径实现其滨海特色景观的建设。     

浅析福建省滨海城市园林景观及其特色

从自然环境、地域文化、园林植物三方面介绍了福建滨海城市的园林景观资源.从自然景观和人造景观二方面简要介绍了园林景观的分类.从植物、地域文化、历史、自然环境等景观元素入手,浅析了福建省滨海城市园林景观所具有的特色,对城市景观建设中如何体现景观特色有重要的指导意义,.     

World congress highlights need for action

Landscape ecology traditionally has been limited to the study of terrestrial systems; however, the questions and methods defining the science are equally relevant for marine and coastal systems. The reciprocal relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes and the overarching effect of scale on this relationship was being explored in some marine and coastal settings as the general discipline of landscape ecology was evolving throughout the latter two decades of the last century. As with all components of the biosphere, an understanding of these relationships is critical for successful management of marine and coastal systems. In these systems, widely dispersed field or ship-based observations and lack of broad scale data have historically precluded quantification of large-scale patterns and processes and hindered management efforts. However, relatively recent advances in geographic information systems, remote sensing and computer technologies have begun to address these issues and are now permitting assessments of pattern and process in oceans. The intent of this special issue is to highlight research that is adapting the tools of landscape ecology to answer ecological questions within marine and coastal systems, to address the unique challenges faced in these landscapes, and to stimulate an exchange of ideas and solutions to common problems. Inspiration for this special issue of Landscape Ecology began with a special session on “Marine and Coastal Applications in Landscape Ecology” that was held at the 19th Annual Symposium of the United States Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, March 31–April 2, 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada.     

紫穗槐等5种乔灌木在边坡环境的生长比较研究

植物品种的合理选择在边坡绿化中至关重要.试验对5种常见边坡植物在东南沿海一般边坡环境下的生长情况进行对比分析,结果表明,5个品种间存在较大差异,其中紫穗槐、马棘两个品种植株大小适宜、根系发达、绿化效果好,更适合东南沿海地区条件较恶劣的边坡绿化.黄山栾树、伞房决明推荐使用在土层较好的边坡绿化.     

Spatial dynamics of coastal forest bird assemblages: the influence of landscape context,forest type,and structural connectivity

Context

Complex structural connectivity patterns can influence the distribution of animals in coastal landscapes, particularly those with relatively large home ranges, such as birds. To understand the nuanced nature of coastal forest avifauna, where there may be considerable overlap in assemblages of adjacent forest types, the concerted influence of regional landscape context and vegetative structural connectivity at multiple spatial scales warrants investigation.

Objectives

This study determined whether species compositions of coastal forest bird assemblages differ with regional landscape context or with forest type, and if this is influenced by structural connectivity patterns measured at multiple spatial scales.

Methods

Three replicate bird surveys were conducted in four coastal forest types at ten survey locations across two regional landscape contexts in northeast Australia. Structural connectivity patterns of 11 vegetation types were quantified at 3, 6, and 12 km spatial scales surrounding each survey location, and differences in bird species composition were evaluated using multivariate ordination analysis.

Results

Bird assemblages differed between regional landscape contexts and most coastal forest types, although Melaleuca woodland bird assemblages were similar to those of eucalypt woodlands and rainforests. Structural connectivity was primarily correlated with differences in bird species composition between regional landscape contexts, and correlation depended on vegetation type and spatial scale.

Conclusions

Spatial scale, landscape context, and structural connectivity have a combined influence on bird species composition. This suggests that effective management of coastal landscapes requires a holistic strategy that considers the size, shape, and configuration of all vegetative components at multiple spatial scales.

     

Historical change in coastal sage scrub in southern California,USA in relation to fire frequency and air pollution

Invasions resulting in the transformation of one ecosystem to another are an increasingly widespread phenomenon. While it is clear that these conversions, particularly between grassland and shrubland systems, have severe consequences, it is often less clear which factors are associated with these conversions. We resampled plots from the 1930s (Weislander VTMs) to test whether two widely assumed factors, changes in fire frequency and nitrogen deposition, are associated with the conversion of coastal sage scrublands to exotic grasslands in southern California. Over the 76-year period, coastal sage scrub cover declined by 49%, being replaced predominantly by exotic grassland species. Grassland encroachment was positively correlated with increased fire frequency and, in areas with low fire frequencies, air pollution (percent fossil carbon as indicated by ∂¹⁴C, likely correlated with nitrogen deposition). We conclude that increases in fire frequency and air pollution over the last several decades in southern California may have facilitated the conversion of coastal sage shrubland to exotic grassland systems.     

Why history matters in landscape ecology

Landscape ecology traditionally has been limited to the study of terrestrial systems; however, the questions and methods defining the science are equally relevant for marine and coastal systems. The reciprocal relationship between spatial pattern and ecological processes and the overarching effect of scale on this relationship was being explored in some marine and coastal settings as the general discipline of landscape ecology was evolving throughout the latter two decades of the last century. As with all components of the biosphere, an understanding of these relationships is critical for successful management of marine and coastal systems. In these systems, widely dispersed field or ship-based observations and lack of broad scale data have historically precluded quantification of large-scale patterns and processes and hindered management efforts. However, relatively recent advances in geographic information systems, remote sensing and computer technologies have begun to address these issues and are now permitting assessments of pattern and process in oceans. The intent of this special issue is to highlight research that is adapting the tools of landscape ecology to answer ecological questions within marine and coastal systems, to address the unique challenges faced in these landscapes, and to stimulate an exchange of ideas and solutions to common problems. Inspiration for this special issue of Landscape Ecology began with a special session on “Marine and Coastal Applications in Landscape Ecology” that was held at the 19th Annual Symposium of the United States Regional Association of the International Association for Landscape Ecology, March 31–April 2, 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada.

     

Near-future sea level impacts on coastal dune landscapes

Very little attention has been paid to the impact of global warming, especially sea level rise, on coastal dunescapes, despite the fact that these provide natural protection along many of the world's shorelines. This paper reviews likely responses given the IPCC climate change predictions to 2030AD, which include sea level rise in the order of 0.09 to 0.29m. It is envisaged that coastal dunes will react in a variety of ways dependent both on regional and local factors. Rising water levels will increase susceptibility to erosion, but the fate of released sediment, particularly the onshore/offshore partitioning, must depend on morphodynamic antecedence, and the propensity for periodic domain shifts. The release of material at the shoreline may allow construction of coastal dunes, to the point of progradation in some zones. The response of dune vegetation to a warmer, wetter climate is uncertain. Most of the main temperate dune species are C3 plants which given favourable conditions would respond positively to CO₂ enhancement. However local factors may offset such potential gains.     

Reactions of strawberry plants to long-term freezing and alternate freezing and thawing

Summary

The study was conducted in two experiments, one examining the effects of alternate freezing and thawing at –12?C for 2 h and +6#x02DA;C for 24 h, and the other examining the effects of permanent freezing for 1 or 15 d at+12?C. In both experiments the plants were grown in the pre-fruiting period at a coastal or a continental location in Norway. The freezing injury increased the higher the stress, indicated by reduced growth, fruit size and yield.It was shown that ‘Korona’ was the most hardy cultivar at a short period of freezing stress and at alternate freezing and thawing, while ‘Senga Sengana’ was more freezing tolerant at long-term permanent freezing than ‘Bounty’ and ‘Korona.’ In general the results indicate that the plants induce freezing tolerance according to some factor of origin, since plants grown in the continental climate were better able to survive long-termpermanent freezing than plants grown in a coastal climate, and plants grown in a coastal climate were better able to survive alternate freezing and thawing than plants grown in a continental climate.     

Scaling-up ecosystem functions of coastal heterogeneous sediments: testing practices using high resolution data

Landscape Ecology - Heterogeneity in coastal soft sediments and the difficulty of data collection hinder our ability to scale up ecological data (necessarily obtained at small-scale) to...     

The influence of landscape spatial configuration on nitrogen and phosphorus exports in agricultural catchments

Landscape Ecology - Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exports from rural landscapes can cause eutrophication of inland and coastal waters. Few studies have investigated the influence of the spatial...     

冀东滨海重盐碱地原土绿化技术

针对冀东滨海重盐碱地原土绿化存在的问题,从整地、土壤改良、树种配置、育苗、栽植与管护等方面阐述了滨海重盐碱地原土绿化技术。     

辽宁盘锦市盐碱地园林绿化技术措施

通过对盘锦市城区及滨海地区土壤检测,得到盐碱地土壤化学物质含量数据;并针对其土壤盐碱化程度高的情况,提出盐碱地园林绿化的技术措施及养护管理方法。     

Macroclimate,microclimate and dune formation along the West European coast

Extremely important to the climate in any region are the radiation balance and the exchange processes of heat, water vapour and momentum. Most climatological parameters (e.g. temperature, humidity, wind speed, cloudiness and precipitation) are the direct or indirect result of the radiation balance and these exchange processes.The weather of the West European coast from Tarifa (Spain) to Skagen (Denmark) is especially suitable for the formation of dunes. Often a wind is blowing, varying widely in force and direction. The conditions are optimal for the formation of high and wide dune complexes, given a large supply of sand by the sea. The annual precipitation surplus is considerable for most of this coast. This favours the establishment of vegetation, and thereby it enhances dune formation. The short distance to the land-sea border causes strong gradients in several climatological parameters. These gradients lead to mesoscale effects, such as land-sea breezes and coastal fronts. The varying vegetation cover and the presence of slopes in all directions induce a strongly varying microclimate. However, this microclimate is not unique to the coastal dunes. Unique is the interaction with the wide range of ambient weather, which is inherent to the coast.It is not possible to be conclusive about the effects of climatic change on coastal dunes because climate models are not yet able to predict the changes adequately and because these models supply information on the expected mean climate, but not on the actual weather.     

Influence of patch,habitat, and landscape characteristics on patterns of Lower Keys marsh rabbit occurrence following Hurricane Wilma

Degradation of coastal systems has led to increased impacts from hurricanes and storm surges and is of concern for coastal endemics species. Understanding the influence of disturbance on coastal populations like the endangered Lower Keys marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris hefneri) is important to understanding long-term dynamics and for recovery planning. We evaluated the effect of disturbance on the rabbits by determining which patch, habitat, and landscape characteristics influenced habitat use following Hurricane Wilma. We determined patch-level occurrence 6–9 months prior to Hurricane Wilma, within 6 months following the hurricane, and 2 years after the storm to quantify rates of patch abandonment and recurrence. We observed high patch abandonment (37.5% of used patches) 6 months after Hurricane Wilma and low rates of recurrence (38.1% of abandoned patches) 2 years after the storm, an indication that this storm further threatened marsh rabbit viability. We found the proportion of salt-tolerant (e.g., mangroves and scrub mangroves) and salt-intolerant (e.g., freshwater wetlands) vegetation within LKMR patches were negatively and positively correlated with probability of patch abandonment, respectively. We found patch size and the number of used patches surrounding abandoned patches were positively correlated with probability of recurrence. We suggest habitat use following this hurricane was driven by the differential response of non-primary habitats to saline overwash and habitat loss from past development that reduced the size and number of local populations. Our findings demonstrate habitat use studies should be conducted following disturbance and should incorporate on-going effects of development and climate change.     

青岛市春大棚黄瓜品种比较试验

对4份华南型黄瓜品种进行春提早栽培试验。结果表明,05C41,04C204和03C105等黄瓜品种长势旺,抗病性强,高产,风味品质良好,外观整齐一致,适应市场需求,在沿海地区都具有很好的推广价值。     

江苏沿海地区黑番茄品种比较试验

对5个黑番茄品种的生育特性、植株形态、果实性状、产量和抗性方面进行比较.研究结果表明,黑圣女、黑金珠、黑珍珠和黑妃20果色亮丽、口感酸甜可口、产量高综合性状较好,可在江苏沿海地区作为特色品种引进种植.