Landscape agronomy: a new field for addressing agricultural landscape dynamics

Landscape dynamics increasingly challenge agronomists to explain how and why agricultural landscapes are designed and managed by farmers. Nevertheless, agronomy is rarely included in the wide range of disciplines involved in landscape research. In this paper, we describe how landscape agronomy can help explain the relationship between farming systems and agricultural landscape dynamics. For this, we propose a conceptual model of agricultural landscape dynamics that illustrates the specific contribution of agronomy to landscape research. This model describes the relationship between three elements: farming practices, landscape patterns and natural resources. It can stimulate agronomists to deal with research issues in agricultural landscape dynamics and enhance the interdisciplinary integration of farming systems in wider landscape research. On these premises, we discuss the main research issues that will benefit from an active involvement of agronomy, to understand, but also to assess landscape dynamics and to design relevant decision support systems.     

Agriculturally productive yet biodiverse: human benefits and conservation values along a forest-agriculture gradient in Southern Ethiopia

Landscape Ecology - It remains unclear how agricultural landscapes can best serve multiple purposes such as simultaneously maintaining agricultural productivity and conserving biodiversity. Our...     

蔬菜园艺场可持续生产模式的探索与建议

在浦江现代农情园标准化蔬菜园艺场施行农业生态园生产模式,采取种养结合、废弃物综合循环利用等措施,建立以保护和改善生态环境为前提,提高经济效益为指标的新型农业发展模式,为标准化蔬菜园艺场可持续生产提供理论依据和技术指导。     

胶东地区城市边缘区新农村特色农业观光园景观优化研究

在调研胶东地区多个新农村特色农业观光园的基础上,根据农业观光园的功能和特点,将胶东地区的农业观光园主要分为休闲观光采摘型、特色农业品尝型、休闲娱乐疗养型;分析了目前各观光园景观规划出现的问题,并以青岛金麒玉麟温泉山庄景观规划为例,阐述了胶东地区城市边缘区新农村特色农业观光园景观规划中要注重园区选址、突出主题、人性化设计的原则。     

A tool for testing integrated pest management strategies on a tritrophic system involving pollen beetle, its parasitoid and oilseed rape at the landscape scale

The intensification of agriculture has led to a loss of biodiversity and subsequently to a decrease in ecosystem services, including regulation of pests by natural enemies. Biological regulation of pests is a complex process affected by both landscape configuration and agricultural practices. Although modeling tools are needed to design innovative integrated pest management strategies that consider tritrophic interactions at the landscape scale, landscape models that consider agricultural practices as levers to enhance biological regulation are lacking. To begin filling this gap, we developed a grid-based lattice model called Mosaic-Pest that simulates the spatio-temporal dynamics of Meligethes aeneus, a major pest of oilseed rape, and its parasitoid, Tersilochus heterocerus through a landscape that changes through time according to agricultural practices. The following agricultural practices were assumed to influence the tritrophic system and were included in the model: crop allocation in time and space, ploughing, and trap crop planting. To test the effect of agricultural practices on biological regulation across landscape configurations, we used a complete factorial design with the variables described below and ran long-term simulations using Mosaic-Pest. The model showed that crop rotation and the use of trap crop greatly affected pollen beetle densities and parasitism rates while ploughing had only a small effect. The use of Mosaic-Pest as a tool to select the combination of agricultural practices that best limit the pest population is discussed.     

发挥科技优势 创新服务模式 建立长效机制——对农业科研单位在新时期如何做好服务“三农”工作的思考

服务"三农"是农业科研单位在新的历史时期面临的一个新课题、一项新任务,要立足自身优势,合理定位,找准切入点和着力点,不断创新服务"三农"的新途径、新方法、新举措。     

Nutrient flows and land use change in a rural catchment: a modelling approach

Due largely to unprecedented land-use changes in the Porijõgi River catchment (southern Estonia) losses of nutrients and organic matter have decreased significantly. During the period 1987–1997 abandoned lands increased from 1.7 to 10.5% and arable lands decreased from 41.8 to 23.9%. At the same time, the runoff of total-N, total-P, SO₄ and organic matter (after BOD₅) decreased from 25.9 to 5.1, 0.32 to 0.13, 78 to 48, and 7.4 to 3.5 kg ha^–1 yr^–1, respectively. The most significant decreases occurred in agricultural subcatchments while the changes were insignificant in the forested upper course catchment. A simple empirical model which incorporates land-use pattern, fertilization intensity, soil parameters and water discharge accurately described the variations of total-N and total-P runoff in both the whole catchment and its agricultural subcatchments (R ² varies from 0.95–0.99 for N to 0.49–0.93 for P). In small agricultural subcatchments the rate of fertilization is found the most important factor for nitrogen runoff, whereas in larger mosaic watersheds land use pattern plays the main role. Seven alternative scenarios compiled on the base of the empirical model allow to forecast potential nitrogen and phosphorus losses from the catchment. This information can be used in further landscape and regional planning of the whole region.     

Nutrient flows and management of a small watershed

Nutrient leaching from agricultural areas is one of the main concerns of watershed management. The paper examines nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from different parts of small agricultural watershed (378 ha) that was divided into 6 subcatchments. The calculations of nutrient outflow are based on the detailed measurement at the time of intensive agricultural activities during 5 years (1987–1991). The results show that nutrient leaching can vary very much even in such a small catchment area. The retention of nitrogen and phosphorus took place in the storage lake: 3,900 and 2.2 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. At the same time, in the small subcatchment with high shallow groundwater outflow value, the nitrogen and phosphorus outflow was 233 and 0.90 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. The most effective mitigation method is establishing buffer zones on the banks of the stream. A buffer zone of 460 m length would remove 2,200 to 2,640 kg N and 12 to 15 kg P a year, a constructed wetland on the stream would remove 1,660 to 2,760 kg N and 3 to 4.5 kg P a year. The detailed study gives good opportunity to estimate most critical areas where application of mitigation methods is most needed and ecologically and economically effective.

     

Exploring Patterns of Exotic Earthworm Distribution in a Temperate Hardwood Forest in South-Central New York, USA

Exotic earthworms invading forests in Canada and northeastern United States that were naturally devoid of large detritivores cause major changes in ecosystem function. To assess their long-term impacts, studies are needed to elucidate the factors that control the patterns of earthworm invasion at the landscape level. We analyzed the distribution patterns of exotic earthworms in a northern hardwood forest in south-central New York (USA), as explained by landscape variables thought to be important in determining earthworm distribution. Forest type, slope angle, elevation, and the distance to agricultural clearings and wet refugia were significant predictors of earthworm presence, whereas local wetness index and the distance to streams and roads were not. Forest type and distance to agricultural clearings were the two most significant predictors. Our data suggest that areas close to agricultural clearings, dominated by mixed hardwoods, and located towards valley bottoms or on gentle slopes are very likely to support communities of exotic earthworms. Steeper slopes, areas dominated by American beech or eastern hemlock, and locations in the core of extensive forest landscapes have lower probabilities of invasion by exotic earthworms. When applied to a nearby area, our statistical model correctly predicted earthworm presence for 67% of 377 sampling points. Most of the mistakes were incorrect predictions of earthworm absence, suggesting that our statistical model slightly underestimated earthworm presence, possibly because of the pervasive influence of active agricultural fields adjacent to the test site.     

莒南县农产品质量安全保障措施探讨

山东省莒南县是一个传统的农业大县,随着近几年农业产业结构的不断调整和优化,该县农业产业化建设的步伐不断加快.但由于多种因素的影响,农产品质量安全仍存在很多不足.本文分析了山东省莒南县农产品质量安全方面存在的问题,探讨了莒南县农产品质量安全控制的具体方式及保障措施,包括健全和完善农产品质量安全体制机制建设、提高农产品质量...     

中国与“一带一路”国家农业合作探索——以白俄罗斯为例

摘要：随着“一带一路”倡议的蓬勃发展,我国与沿线国家的农业合作不断深化,农产品贸易、农业技术合作、农业人才培养等前景广阔。白俄罗斯是“丝绸之路经济带”上的重要节点,也是最早参与和支持“一带一路”倡议的国家之一。为推动“一带一路”共建国家的农业合作,以中国与白俄罗斯的农业合作为例,从中国与白俄罗斯农业发展实际情况入手,分析了白俄罗斯农业发展中劳动力不足、种植结构不断调整、农产品进出口的现状,理清了我国与白俄罗斯在肥料贸易、农业创新技术合作等农业现代化方面的合作现状,并提出了在“一带一路”建设背景下,我国与白俄罗斯在农业科技、人才培养和农产品贸易方面的合作前景。     

Landscape context affects site occupancy of pond-breeding anurans across a disturbance gradient in the Brazilian Cerrado

Context

The Brazilian Cerrado, a global biodiversity hotspot, is being converted to agricultural production. Amphibians in particular are susceptible to agricultural practices that threaten both their wetland and upland habitats. Although local site variables are important for determining species occurrence, site occupancy is also mediated by the broader landscape and management context in which the site occurs.

Objectives

Investigate the relative effects of broad-, intermediate-, and local-scale factors on species occurrence for pond-breeding anurans within different landscapes across an agricultural-disturbance gradient in the Cerrado.

Methods

Ponds were surveyed for adult anurans over 3 years within 18 landscapes (each 625 km²) that varied in their degree of agricultural land use (landscape context). We analyzed species distribution models for eight pond-breeding anurans, using hierarchical binomial generalized linear models.

Results

The broader landscape context had a significant effect on the incidence of pond-breeding anurans, even after accounting for variation in other environmental factors at more local (pond) or intermediate (1-km²) scales. The top-ranked models for most species included some combination of broad-, intermediate- and local-scale factors, however. These covariates influenced species occurrence in different ways, with the response to agricultural disturbance varying among species. Although some species were negatively affected, others appeared to benefit from agricultural activities that increased breeding habitat (e.g., impoundments to provide water for cattle).

Conclusions

Landscape context, the degree to which landscapes have been transformed by agricultural land use, has a major influence on the distribution of pond-breeding anurans in the Brazilian Cerrado.

     

农业传播中的传播者及其把关行为

分析了农业传播者是我国农村现阶段农民获取各类信息的主要媒介;叙述了不同行业的农业传播者在农业生产中所扮演的角色及作用。得出了正确了解农业传播者有利于在传播过程中有效的提高农业传播的把关质量和效率,使农业传播更好地为农村发展和农业生产产业化服务的结论。     

Integrating life cycle assessment into landscape studies: a postcard from Hulunbuir

Landscape Ecology - Conventional life cycle assessment (LCA) has been increasingly criticized for lacking spatial information, especially for agricultural systems where high spatial variation and...     

青岛地区农产品质量安全生产的主要内容与发展现状

总结了青岛地区农产品质量安全的主要内容和方法，即加大农业投入品监控力度，推进农业标准化生产，增加农业标准化支撑能力。提出当地应该突出地方特色，在做专做优的基础上把品牌做精做强。     

中国与共建“一带一路”国家农业贸易现状及发展策略

摘要：农业贸易是“一带一路”倡议的重要内容,自2013年以来,中国与共建“一带一路”国家间互联互通水平不断提高,农业经济贸易合作不断拓展。与此同时,中国与共建“一带一路”国家间农业合作机制不断完善,农产品贸易规模显著扩大,贸易结构呈现多元化,农业贸易新业态、新模式不断涌现。当前,“一带一路”倡议进入发展新阶段,国际形势日趋复杂,新形势下“一带一路”农业贸易发展面临挑战。从多双边农业合作和区域农业合作方面梳理了中国与共建“一带一路”国家农业合作机制建立情况,总结了10年以来中国与共建“一带一路”国家农业贸易规模、贸易结构、贸易新业态与新模式等方面的发展情况,为进一步深化“一带一路”农业贸易合作,提出了新形势下“一带一路”农业贸易发展有关对策建议,包括搭建多层次多渠道农业经济贸易合作机制,加强政策对接和沟通磋商;构建高水平农业对外开放新格局,扩大农业贸易“朋友圈”;提升农业产业链与供应链韧性,保障重要农产品稳定安全供给。     

我国农产品追溯服务发展现状及对策

农产品追溯是监管农产品生产过程、保障农产品质量安全的重要方式,完善的农产品追溯体系可以提高农产品生产的透明度,保障消费者的知情权。作为保障农产品质量安全的有效措施,农产品追溯体系越来越受到政府、社会和消费者的重视。本文介绍了我国农产品追溯体系的5种主要运作模式,即纯追溯服务、追溯+ERP系统、追溯+认证服务、追溯+营销服务、追溯+综合服务;并分析了我国农产品追溯行业的发展现状和存在问题,包括法律法规不健全、监管主体不明确、行业标准不统一、易发系统性风险、追溯系统建设成本高等;在此基础上,探究了农产品追溯未来的发展方向和市场导向,提出服务是农产品追溯的核心,为农产品追溯业务供应方开展农产品追溯业务提供了理论指导和模式借鉴。     

新型农业经营主体技术效率研究综述与展望

新型农业经营主体是促进我国农业产业转型升级的重要推动力,技术效率是衡量培育新型农业经营主体的重要指标。该研究对新型农业经营主体按定义、类型、地区进行分类,将影响新型经营主体技术效率的评价方法进行归纳、总结和评述,展示了目前定义和测算新型农业经营主体技术效率的前沿进展和发展趋势。结果表明:对于以苹果等高价值经济作物为研究对象的新型农业经营主体的研究较少,且大多文献集中于研究主体的某一专业大户、家庭农场或合作社等进行分析论证,鲜有对专业大户、家庭农场、合作社及农业企业进行系统性的分析。因此,该研究指出应对苹果等作物新型农业经营主体技术效率进行分析,苹果作为我国第一农业产业,对经济的发展起到巨大的促进作用。通过对新型农业经营主体影响因素的总结,对新型农业经营主体的发展进程起到指导性作用,并对研究新型农业经营主体在产业发展过程中的作用奠定了坚实的基础。     

Effect of landscape connectivity on plant communities: a review of response patterns

Landscape Ecology - Fragmentation in agricultural landscapes is considered as a major threat to biodiversity. Thus, ecological corridors are deployed at multiple scales to increase connectivity....     

农业景观审美性浅析

探讨了农业景观的起源与发展过程,论述了农业景观审美体系是由审美主体、审美客体以及主体对客体产生的审美感受三部分构成,缺一不可;并进一步说明了农业景观的审美体验,介绍了自然农业景观、农业观光园以及农业主题性公园的不同特点以及审美方式;从不同的美的角度出发,讨论了农业景观的审美价值和审美意义,为现代景观设计提供了有价值的素材。