肉牛伊维菌素驱虫的育肥效果比较

用广谱抗寄生虫药伊维菌素对肉牛进行驱虫对比试验。选择20头患寄生虫病的雄性肉牛空腹称重，随机分为两组，每组10头。一组为治疗组，按1ml／50kg用伊维菌素进行皮下注射给予驱虫；另一组为对照组，不给予任何驱虫药物。在同等饲养管理条件下，饲喂到第61天称重，观察试验组和对照组的驱虫育肥效果。结果表明，治疗组在用药后第61天10头牛总增重700kg，每头平均增重70kg，平均日增重1．15kg；对照组10头牛总增重625kg，每头平均增重62．5kg，平均日增重1．02kg。初步说明伊维菌素用于肉牛驱虫育肥效果良好，是比较好的肉牛驱虫药。     

冬小麦秸秆不同处理饲喂肉牛的效果观察

将冬小麦秸秆经微贮、氨化处理后进行饲喂肉牛增重育肥试验,对照牛喂自然干麦秸。48 头供试牛(每组16 头),试验结果为:喂微贮麦秸组头均日增重0.89kg,喂氨化麦秸组头均日增重0.84kg,对照组头均日增重0.57kg。试验组与对照组比较差异极显著(P< 0.01),两试验组差异不显著(P> 0.05)。将各组耗料(包括精料、粗料)、增重按市价进行效益分析,60 天试验期结束,微贮组平均每头获得114.00 元,氨化组平均每头获利63.13 元,对照组平均每头亏损14.36 元。冬小麦秸杆处理后饲喂肉牛效果明显。微贮法优于氨化法,成本低,易操作,饲喂效果好,在农区应大力推广。     

添加营养促进剂对肉牛增重效果的研究

本试验是在冬季杂种肉牛放牧补饲条件下,添加牛用营养促进剂(一种具有营养调控功能的牛用预混料),研究其对肉牛的增重效果。试验分两组进行,设试验组与对照组,每组10头牛,两组均自由采食青干草。对照组每头牛日供基础日粮2.5kg,试验组日给基础日粮1.0kg+营养调控料1.5kg(内含1％的营养促进剂),每月称重一次,测定肉牛增重情况;另外     

用紫花苕代替育肥肉牛精料中豆粕试验

用西本杂公牛10头、安本杂公牛11头,随机分成3组,进行了30 d对比饲养试验.结果表明,试验1组用紫花苕Vicia atyopurpurea代替肉牛育肥精料78%的豆粕,杂交肉牛的平均日增重比对照组高243.8 g(P＜0.01),饲料风干物质报酬降低0.24 kg,增重的饲料成本降低0.15元/kg;试验2组用紫花苕草粉全部代替肉牛育肥精料中的豆粕,杂交肉牛平均日增重比对照组高43.3 g(P＞0.05),饲料利用率降低3%,增重消耗饲料成本提高0.05元/kg.从而认为,紫花苕草粉可以代替杂交肉牛育肥精料78%的豆粕;但在杂交犊牛精料中应保证3%～5%的豆粕才能取得良好的生产效果.     

青贮甜高粱与玉米秸秆饲喂肉牛效果研究

[目的]饲喂青贮甜高粱与玉米秸秆对肉牛增重的效果研究,选择11月龄、体重280Kg 的西门塔尔公牛20头进行饲喂效果对比试验。[结果]显示：对照组、试验组平均每头日增重为0.98 kg、1.45 kg。试验组比对照组平均日多增重0.47 kg,提高47.96%;净收益每头每天比对照组多9.78元。[结论]表明：青贮甜高粱饲喂育肥肉牛增重效果明显,经济效益较好。     

"槽饲站牛"快速育肥方法

随着科学技术的发展,快速育肥肉牛技术也不断提高,经济效益显著增加.一年内,避开阴雨蚊虻季节,可育肥2～3批牛,每个育肥期100天,1头牛平均日增重1～1.25 kg,最高达2.5kg,一个育肥期每头牛净增肉平均为100～125 kg,可获利300～600元.肉牛育肥方法主要采用"槽饲"快速育肥方法,主要抓好以下四关.     

玉米秸秆微贮对育肥牛的试验

为了验证玉米秸秆微贮对育肥牛的饲喂效果,对76头西门塔尔牛饲喂180天,结果表明,试验组肉牛从试验前平均体重382.59kg/头,到试验后的平均体重579.63kg/头,日均增重达1.095kg/头。试验组比对照组肉牛平均每头牛日增重增加0.226kg,平均每头牛日增重提高26%。试验结果表明,玉米秸秆微贮对育肥牛有较好的应用效果。     

利用人工草场和青贮饲料育肥杂交肉牛的效果

利用人工草场和青贮饲料,在良好的饲养管理条件下育肥杂交一代肉牛50头。结果肉牛平均日增重0.615kg,每头牛年增重224kg。通过试验,探索到了一些低成本育肥杂交肉牛的技术。     

利用日光暖棚、纯天然饲料快速育肥肉牛试验

利用目光“两用”暖棚,在纯天然饲料的条件下对肉牛进行育肥试验。90天后,试验组肉牛平均增重90．30kg．比对照组多增重57．00kg;日增重1000g,比对照组日增重多63g。纯收入试验组每头达651.2元,对照组每头牛育肥期满倒赔32．4元。     

益生菌猪发酵剂发微生物酵饲料饲喂断奶仔猪和育肥猪的效果研究

目的:研究微生物益生菌猪发酵剂发酵饲料饲喂断奶仔猪和育肥猪的效果.方法选择30头奶仔猪和30头育肥猪作为研究对象,将两种猪随机抽取其中的15头共30头作为实验组,另外30头作为对照组;对照组断奶仔猪喂仔猪基础日粮,对照组育肥猪饲喂育肥猪基础日粮;实验组断奶仔猪和育肥猪喂微生物益生菌猪发酵剂发酵饲料饲,比较两组猪的生长情况.结果:对照组每头断奶仔猪每日增重约390g,40d后增重约15.60kg,实验组每头断奶仔猪每日增重520g,40d后增重约20.80kg;实验组每头断奶仔猪比对照组每头断奶仔猪40d后增重高出5.20kg.实验组断奶仔猪出现轻度拉稀,对照组断奶仔猪出现较为严重的腹泻.对照组每头育肥猪每日增重约680g,40d后增重约27.20kg实验组每头育肥猪每日增重约840g,40d后增重约33.60kg;实验组每头育肥猪比对照组每头育肥猪40d后增重高出6.20g.实验组育肥猪出现轻度拉稀,对照组育肥猪出现较为严重的腹泻.结论:微生物益生菌猪发酵剂发酵饲料饲喂断奶仔猪和育肥猪的效果良好,能够促进断奶仔猪和育肥猪更加快速健康地发育、生长,增重速度更快并改善腹泻情况.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.