Further Studies on the Effects of Cold Treatment of Transplants on Crop Maturity Characteristics of Cauliflower

Studies were made to determine some of the factors which could modify the influence of a cold treatment of transplants on the maturity characteristics of three autumn cauliflower varieties. These included controllable experimental variables and uncontrollable environmental factors some of which were investigated by multiple regression techniques.

Results from the four experiments indicated that while the cold treatment considerably shortened the harvest period of the majority of the crops grown, the magnitude of the response of individual crops was affected by the temperature conditions under which the plants were raised and also, on some occasions, by temperature conditions prevailing just after planting and at harvest. There were varietal differences in responsiveness to the cold treatments. Selection for uniformity of transplant growth stage did not increase the cold treatment effect. It is suggested that plant-to-plant variation in low temperature requirement for curd induction may be a factor contributing to the result. The possible use of cold treatment of transplants in commercial practice is discussed.     

不结球白菜新品种速俊018 的选育

速俊018 由两个不结球白菜自交不亲和系07 超级四季-3s 和08 冬赏味长叶-1s 配制而成的不结球白菜一代杂种。株型美观直立,叶片椭圆形,叶色深绿、油亮,叶柄较长,宽度适宜,柄色碧绿、光泽度好,生长速度快,早熟性好,夏、秋季播种后20 d（天）即可开始采收上市,25 d（天）后产量迅速增加;采收期较长,播种后可作为鸡毛菜、小棵菜和大棵菜陆续采收,适当密植可提高作鸡毛菜和小棵菜栽培的产量,种植密度以株距3 cm、行距5 cm 最佳;抗病丰产,耐寒、耐抽薹性强,耐热性中等,适应性广,可全国各地四季种植。     

Influence of annual fruit shake-removal and Ethrel on citrus yield over four years

Trunk-shake harvesting did not reduce subsequent crops of orange cvs Washington and Leng Navel, Marsh grapefruit or Frost Nucellar Lisbon lemon when they were harvested about the middle of their maturity season, but it reduced subsequent yields of Valencia orange. Ethephon (as Ethrel) reduced the average annual yield of harvested fruit over the four years of the trial for all cultivars except Lisbon lemon. Thus, despite the risk of reducing subsequent cropping, trunk-shake harvesting without the use of Ethrel enables up to 80% of the crop to be removed with the remainder to be hand harvested according to market demand and price.     

嫁接提高蔬菜作物抗逆性及其机制研究进展

嫁接广泛应用于蔬菜作物的生产实践中,可显著提高蔬菜作物抗逆性,提高蔬菜作物产量、改善品质。本文综述了近年来嫁接在提高蔬菜作物抗病性、耐盐性、耐寒性、耐热性、耐旱性、耐弱光、抗涝性和耐重金属胁迫方面的研究进展,重点阐述了嫁接提高蔬菜作物抗病性、耐盐性和耐寒性的生理及分子生物学机制,可为嫁接在蔬菜作物上的有效应用和抗逆栽培研究提供理论依据。     

草原樱桃根插繁殖技术研究

试验对草原樱桃根插繁殖方式进行了较系统的研究,分析了药剂种类、草原樱桃品种、扦插基质、根段长度和扦插时期对根插繁殖的影响。结果表明,采用的四种药剂中除IAA外,其它药剂对生根都有很好的促进作用;三个品种中,阿斯卡生根效果好;基质中通透性好、带菌少的河沙、椰糠效果好;扦插的插穗进行一段时间的冷藏有利于发根萌芽。     

温室春茬番茄品种对比试验

番茄是吐鲁番设施温室春提早生产的主栽作物之一,但由于长期种植品种单一,导致番茄的成熟性、抗病性、产量等有很大的局限。为促进番茄优良品种推广,试验引进了4个番茄新品种,并与当地主栽品种进行了比较试验,通过对5个品种物候期、熟性、植物学性状、产量和发病率等方面的对比,筛选出了适合吐鲁番地区日光温室栽培的两个品种,即金顶六号和北斗908,这两个品种生长势强、早熟、高产、抗病性强。     

Some Effects of Seed Size and Maturity on the Yield of Carrot Crops

Carrot seed was harvested on eight occasions from crops grown at Wellesbourne during 1962–64. Seed from each harvest was separated into four size grades by means of round-holed sieves. In laboratory tests, the percentage germination of the seeds increased with increasing seed size. Late-harvested, mature seed of a given size generally had a higher percentage germination than less mature, but otherwise similar, seed. The numbers of seedlings which emerged per 100 seeds sown in the field were linearly related but not directly proportional to the percentage germination of the seed, regardless of seed size or maturity. At comparable plant densities, large seeds gave bigger seedlings than small seeds, and after 15–18 weeks of growth the yield of roots was 15–20% higher from large than from small seed. However, with older crops (24 weeks) no such yield differences were measurable. Graded seed of all but the smallest size gave crops in which the root size had a lower coefficient of variation than that of crops grown from ungraded seed.

In an experiment carried out in 1966 with small, large and ungraded seed from eight imported samples, the results were similar to those obtained with the seed produced at Wellesbourne.

The results suggested that only with crops intended for harvesting when younger than about 18 weeks would greater yields and more uniform roots be expected if graded seed of larger sizes were used rather than small or ungraded seed.     

早熟耐热大白菜新品种潍白1号

潍白１号大白菜是利用漳浦４０３和浙小４０１两个优良自交不亲和系配制而成的极早熟耐热大白菜一代杂种，具有早熟、耐热、优质、高产等优良性状，从定植到获４５～５０天，一般６６７ｍ２产量５０００ｋｇ以上，其产量、商品品质及杂种优势都明显优于夏阳。目前已在湖北、广东、广西、贵州等地推广种植     

辣椒抗病新品种渝椒4号的选育研究

从20世纪90年代开始辣椒抗病材料筛选,同时进行辣椒抗病品种选育研究。1993年利用抗病材料培育的有优良综合性状的自交系7-2-1-1为母本,346-1-1-1为父本配制组合,2001年育成渝椒4号一代杂种。该品种早中熟,一般定植至采收60d,植株生长势强,果实为不规则长灯笼形,果色浅绿,中抗疫病、耐炭疽病,耐热、耐寒能力强,微辣,品质风味好,商品性佳,产量39.91t/hm2,适宜于西南地区及湖北、安徽、广西等地种植。     

成熟度及贮藏环境对迷你冬瓜果实品质的 影响

以春丰迷你冬瓜果实为试材，研究不同采收成熟度及贮藏环境对迷你冬瓜果实贮藏期间品质
的影响。结果表明，低成熟度的果实虽采收时营养价值高，但不耐贮藏，贮藏3 d 后果皮即出现皱缩现象；
高成熟度的果实耐贮性好，贮藏100 d 后外观仍保持良好，且在地下室环境中贮藏能延缓果实品质下降的
速度；在冷藏环境下各成熟度的果实贮藏20 d 后出现腐烂症状。分析认为：短期贮藏可选择花后15 d 的
嫩瓜冷藏；长期贮藏则应选择花后30 d 或45 d 的老熟瓜在地下室相对低温的环境中贮藏。     

西双版纳州甘蔗机械收获损失调查及对策初探

调查了西双版纳州在农艺和农机技术配套应用下,机械收获与人工砍收对甘蔗产量、出苗等影响的差异.调查表明,机械收获宿根蔗破头率为7.69％～10.29％;杂质比人工砍收略高;割茬产量损失比人工砍收平均高134kg/667m2.甘蔗机械收获与人工砍收对甘蔗出苗差异不明显.提出了解决机械收获问题的对策.     

A hypothesis to explain the relationship between low-temperature treatment,gibberellin activity,curd initiation and maturity of cauliflower

The effects of cold-treating young cauliflower plants (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) of the cultivars ‘Lero’, ‘Lawyna’, ‘Novo’ and ‘Janavon’, on gibberellin activity and the spreads of curd initiation and maturity are described and discussed in relation to other similar work.Exposure of plants to 0°C for 15 days increased gibberellin activity in the apices of ‘Lero’ and ‘Lawyna’ plants. The spreads of curd initiation and maturity of ‘Lawyna’ were significantly reduced by cold-treatment at 0°C, but ‘Lero’ was not affected, possibly because plants had initiated too many leaves and were thus beyond the stage receptive to low-temperature treatment. This treatment had no effect on gibberellin activity nor on the spreads of curd initiation and maturity of ‘Novo’ or ‘Janavon’, probably because plants had not reached the sensitive stage when cold-treated.It is postulated that the phase of growth during which the curd-initiation period can be shortened by cold treatment is specific for each cultivar, and other data were used to confirm this. It seems likely that the receptive phase occurs at higher leaf-numbers with cultivars which take longer to initiate curds.     

Rose flower production as related to plant architecture and carbohydrate content: Effect of harvesting method and plant type

Summary

The dependence between flowering cycles and woody stem parts of a rose crop was studied, with respect to plant architecture and carbohydrate content. Two harvesting methods (“control” versus “flush”) and two plant types (“control” versus “one stemmed”) were compared. Crop growth and partitioning of dry matter were studied as influenced by crop management during 18 months of culture. For a full-productive year, flush harvesting generally promoted bud break as compared with continuous harvesting but at the same time, also due to lower light interception, blind-shoot formation was enhanced and the individual flower weight reduced. Numbers of basal shoots were hardly related to flower production over a full cropping year. Flower production was much more sensitive to the number and diameter of branches at the height of cutting the flowers. The treatments did not affect carbohydrate allocation in the plant. Total carbohydrate storage was much too low to argue a clear role for the possible use of movement of carbohydrate reserves towards new growth. Maximum starch concentration was found at the beginning of summer and gradually dropped to a minimum in December and then increased again to a spring maximum. A cold treatment did increase the total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration but no positive influence on new basal-shoot formation was observed. No starch gradient was found in basal stem parts.     

春秋结球大白菜潍白6号的选育

潍白6号系以东北材料牡丹江1号的自交不亲和系91-439为母本,以韩国高抗抽薹的自交不亲和系BC4-3A为父本育成的大白菜一代杂种。生长期为山东春播60d(天),黑龙江秋播70 d(天)。该品种叶色深绿,球叶合抱呈炮弹形,顶部呈石榴嘴状。抗病毒病、软腐病,较抗霜霉病,抗抽薹能力强。平均单株质量为3.52 kg,一般每667 m2产量为4 000～6 000 kg。既适合山东3月底4月初露地直播作春白菜栽培,又适于黑龙江等东北地区作秋季早熟大白菜栽培。     

The effect of fruit maturity on quality and colour shift of dried ‘Patterson’ apricot during eight months of cold storage

Summary

Fresh ‘Patterson’ apricot was harvested at three fruit maturity levels and characterized with measurements of flesh colour, Brix, acidity and levels of specific sugars. Fruit from the three maturity classes were sun-dried under uniform conditions. Dry fruit was again analysed for the content of specific sugars before cold storage. Stored fruit were sampled periodically for colour coordinates L*, C* and H° during an eight-month period. The study was repeated for two harvest seasons. In each season, significant differences (P≤0.05) were observed between the three fruit maturity classes for Brix, acidity, C* and H8. Levels of specific sugars varied significantly (P≤0.01) with regard to fruit maturity class, tissue type and fruit status. Regression analysis of colour coordinate changes during the storage period indicated significant (P≤0.05) differences in rate of colour shift of L*, C* and H8 relative to fruit maturity class. While dried fruit of the immature class was of substandard quality after the storage period, both medium and most mature dry fruit were of sufficient quality to warrant marketing even after eight months of cold storage.     

花椰菜叶绿素荧光参数与耐寒性的关系研究

以7个不同基因型花椰菜品种为材料,研究了低温胁迫对不同熟性和相同熟性花椰菜生长指标、冻害指数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响,以及相同熟性花椰菜冻害前后叶绿素荧光参数的变化,分析了花椰菜生长、耐寒性和叶绿素荧光参数的相关性。结果表明：低温胁迫下,冻害指数和叶绿素荧光参数中的初始荧光（Fo）仅在不同熟性的品种间具有显著差异,花球质量、植株营养体质量以及叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）和叶绿素荧光参数中的原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）在不同熟性和相同熟性的品种间均具有显著差异。相同熟性品种间在冻害前后Fv/Fm值均有显著差异。对不同基因型的生长指标、冻害指数和叶绿素荧光参数间的相关分析表明,直接反映花椰菜耐寒性的冻害指数与SPAD值和叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm值均显著负相关;间接反映花椰菜耐寒性的生长指标花球质量和营养体质量与叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm值显著正相关,而生长指标与SPAD值仅在不同熟性花椰菜间显著正相关。光化学转化效率与花椰菜的耐寒性紧密相关,叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm值可能为不同基因型间花椰菜耐寒性的鉴定指标。     

扦插密度及采收期对蒌蒿生长的影响

研究了扦插密度及采收期对保护地蒌蒿生长的影响。结果表明,通过扦插密度和采收期调节,可以控制保护地蒌蒿群体大小和个体生长量,适当扩大扦插密度和延迟采收是保护地蒌蒿高产优质栽培的重要技术措施。     

脱水加工型洋葱新品种白峰的选育

白峰为白皮脱水加工型洋葱一代杂种.不育系70A和保持系70B均来源于荷兰材料Wll的分离后代,父本来源于美国资源W0l自交后代99-3-9-16B.白峰为中熟品种,播种至收获约250d（天）;株高65～70 cm,管状功能叶8～9片;鳞茎近圆球形,外皮白色,有光泽;球横径7.5～8.5 cm,纵径6.5～8.5 cm,...     

‘茂谷橘橙’引种观察

对引进良种茂谷橘橙与6个本地柑橘良种进行比较研究,结果表明,茂谷橘橙属特迟熟良种,比芦柑迟熟90d左右;品质好、可溶性固形物达16.6％,可食率达85％;产量高、耐贮藏、挂果期抗寒力较强。     

马铃薯新品种商马铃薯一号的选育

商马铃薯一号是以中薯2号为母本、阿奎拉为父本,通过有性杂交选育而成。该品种早熟,生育期65 d;抗卷叶病毒病、花叶病毒病、晚疫病、早疫病和环腐病;薯块长椭圆形,黄皮黄肉,薯皮光滑,芽眼浅,商品薯率87.9%以上,品质优;属鲜食加工兼用型品种,适合中原二季作区纯作或间作套种栽培。