不同人工林改良土壤效果的初步调查

以兴隆试验区为代表,研究分析首都周围绿化工程改良土壤养分及改善林木生长条件的效果。试验结果表明:油松纯林可提高土壤养分含量,但是土壤pH值下降;山杨、刺槐等阔叶林使土壤养分和pH值都得到改良,刺槐林效果尤为明显。     

沙地杨树刺槐人工混交林的改良土壤功能及养分互补关系

杨树刺槐混交林是我国北方地区沿河及滨海沙地上成功的固氮树种和非固氮树种人工混交林。本文在简单介绍混交林生长情况的基础上,主要对林地土壤养分改良及其种间Ｎ、Ｐ养分互补关系进行了阐述。指出杨树刺槐混交林生产力提高主要是因为林地土壤养分（特别是Ｎ素养分）的极大改善及树种间Ｎ、Ｐ养分的互补。混交林土壤Ｎ素养分水平提高的根本原因是林地土壤微生物活性高,加快了含Ｎ较高枯落物分解速度,增强了土壤氨化及硝化强度。而杨树刺槐种间的Ｎ、Ｐ养分互补则主要表现在混交林中杨树可将吸收入体内的Ｐ素通过根系接触转移给相邻的刺槐,而刺槐则可将固定的Ｎ素通过根系接触转移给杨树,而且Ｎ、Ｐ转移的强度很大。这种奇妙的树种间养分互补机制对杨树刺槐混交林幼林期生产力提高是有重大意义的。     

地杨树刺槐人工混交林的改良土壤功能及养分互补关系

杨树刺槐混交林是我国北方地区沿河及滨海沙地上成功的固氮树种和非固氮树种人工混交林.本文在简单介绍混交林生长情况的基础上,主要对林地土壤养分改良及其种间N、P养分互补关系进行了阐述.指出杨树刺槐混交林生产力提高主要是因为林地土壤养分(特别是N素养分)的极大改善及树种间N、P养分的互补.混交林土壤N素养分水平提高的根本原因是林地土壤微生物活性高,加快了含N较高枯落物分解速度,增强了土壤氨化及硝化强度.而杨树刺槐种间的N、P养分互补则主要表现在混交林中杨树可将吸收入体内的P素通过根系接触转移给相邻的刺槐,而刺槐则可将固定的N素通过根系接触转移给杨树,而且N、P 转移的强度很大.这种奇妙的树种间养分互补机制对杨树刺槐混交林幼林期生产力提高是有重大意义的.     

苏北沿海围垦区刺槐和柽柳林地土壤养分研究

以栽植的固氮树种刺槐及土著树种柽柳为研究对象,对苏北东台围垦区柽柳、刺槐林下根区(冠幅内)与非根区(冠幅外)土壤养分及含盐量和pH值进行了对比分析。结果表明:刺槐和柽柳根区土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮和有效磷含量均显著高于非根区土壤(柽柳有机质和全磷含量除外),刺槐根区土壤有机质、全氮和水解氮含量显著高于柽柳根区土壤,但两种林地根区土壤全磷和有效磷含量没有显著差异。柽柳和刺槐根区土壤盐分含量均显著低于非根区土壤,但两种林地土壤pH值并没有显著差异。由此可见,无论是自然演替植被还是人工恢复植被均有助于围垦区土壤质量的改善,但相对于土著树种而言,人工栽植的刺槐更有利于土壤有机质和氮的积累。植被恢复降低了土壤盐分含量,同时可能促进了土壤微生物活性,进而有利于土壤养分状况的改善,但土壤质量变化与树种密切相关。研究发现,固氮树种刺槐比土著树种柽柳更有利于提高土壤养分状况。     

不同林型下土壤理化性质的差异研究

为了探讨杨树林、刺槐林的增产机理,本文从土壤理化性质、土壤养分含量等方面,对杨树林、刺槐林与林外进行调查分析。结果表明:杨树林和刺槐林较大幅度地改善了土壤孔隙度、含水量、养分含量等等;杨树林和刺槐林在提高土壤肥力方面有着重要意义。     

多代刺槐能源林对土壤理化性质的影响

以河南洛宁吕村林场一代,二代,三代刺槐能源林为研究对象,以未造林荒地为对照,通过测定土壤理化性质并进行对比分析,评价刺槐林对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:刺槐林可以改善土壤理化性质。在土壤物理性质方面,刺槐林改良土壤质地和结构,使土壤更加疏松、通气和水分效果更加显著。土壤化学性质方面,刺槐林地与荒地土壤pH差异不显著,均呈现弱酸性。相同土层深度下,土壤有机质,全氮,速效氮均呈现三代林二代林一代林CK,差异显著。土壤磷含量变异系数比较大,相同深度下,全磷,速效磷含量变化空间分布有所不同。速效钾的含量分布也呈现不同的规律。树木对土壤养分具有"表聚效应",土壤表层与深层土壤差异显著,随土壤深度增加,有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,呈现出垂直结构变化,含量不断降低。     

碱性土壤引种池杉技术初探

在ｐＨ值８．０～８．３的碱性土上引种池杉，采用综合措施改良土壤，降低了ｐＨ值，使池杉能生长良好。     

苹果根际土pH值和有效养分的研究

通过对田间和盆栽树细根和土壤的测定表明，苹果根际土与非银际土在有机质含量，过氧化氢酶活性，ｐＨ值和有效养分等方面有明显差异。苹果根际土ｐＨ值受施肥种类的影响结果与禾谷类作物相似，叶片蒸腾速率的增大会引起根际土，ｐＨ值的下降，而根系活力对根际土ｐＨ值无影响，根际土有效养分含量与非根际土有效养分含量有很好的相关性，而非根际土有效养分含量与细根内相应元素含量的相关性比根际土与细根的好。根系的吸收能力影响     

刺槐苗木施肥的研究

一、前言肥料在林业上,特别在苗圃和造林的早期阶段的应用,已成为许多国家常用的栽培措施。在苗木生长过程要消耗土壤中大量养分,不得不通过施用适当的肥料为苗木生长提供养分。所以科学施肥就成为速生丰产的关键措施之一。刺槐是豆科植物,根瘤中的固氮细菌可使土壤中的含氮量增加。施肥对刺槐效果如何,施用什么肥料效果好,尚未进行系统的研究。为探     

不同造林模式对退化花岗岩山地土壤理化性质及水文效应的影响

为研究不同造林模式对鲁中南退化花岗岩山地土壤理化和水文效应的恢复效果,以该区域营造10 a的4种造林模式的人工林为研究对象,运用样方调查与室内实验相结合的方法,以造林前数据(CK)作为对照,对比分析了乳山市夏村镇埠西庄小流域4种造林模式下的土壤理化性质与水文特征。结果表明:(1)4种造林模式下土壤的理化性质相比于造林前均有显著提高;(2)刺槐五角枫混交林的土壤容重最小,孔隙度最大,饱和贮水量最高,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾与速效氮、磷、钾含量最高,黑松纯林的容重大、孔隙性小、持水性差,土壤有机质与养分含量低;(3)不同造林模式的土壤入渗能力表现为:刺槐五角枫混交林黑松麻栎混交林黑松黄栌混交林黑松纯林 CK。综合考虑4种造林模式对土壤理化性质与水文的改良效果,刺槐五角枫混交模式更适合在研究区栽植。     

不同造林措施对桉树人工林地土壤养分的影响

针对桉树人工林地力退化问题,通过比较两种造林措施下桉树人工林地土壤肥力特征发现,皆伐和造林时的人为活动对浅土层(0～20 cm)的土壤有松动作用,在一定程度上降低土壤容重,部分提高土壤持水量和孔隙度,但造林后林地土壤物理特性变差,炼山+机械挖桩造林措施对林地土壤物理性质破坏作用要明显高于伐根催腐造林;与皆伐前相比,两种造林措施均导致了林地土壤pH向酸性化方向发展;伐根催腐造林使得林地土壤有机质含量、全N、全K、Ca和Mg含量均较皆伐前大,炼山措施导致大量养分烧失和流失,故其最小;土壤微量元素中除了Cu以炼山造林地最大外,Fe、Mn、Zn、B均以伐根催腐造林地最大。     

Features of soil enzyme activities and the number of microorganisms in plantations and their relationships with soil nutrients in the Qinling Mountains, China

We studied the distribution of soil nutrients, the number of soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activities, and their relationships in pure and mixed plantations. Soil enzyme activities, the number of soil microorganisms, and soil nutrients were measured in plantations of Chinese pine (Pinustabulaeformis), larch (Larix kaempferi), sharp tooth oak (Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata), Manchurian catalpa (Catalpa fargesii), and mixed plantations in the Qinling Mountains, China. Compared with pure plantations, the conifer-broad-leaved broadleaf mixed plantations increased total N, available N, total P, available K, and organic matter in the forest soil; promoted the activities of invertase and urease by 16.7% and 53.8%; and increased the total amount of soil microorganisms by 95.9% and the number of bacteria by 104.5% (p<0.05). The correlations between soil enzymes, number of microorganisms, and soil nutrients were significant (p<0.05), and the correlations between the number of soil bacteria and basic nutrient prosperities (total N, available N, available K, and organic matter (OM)) were significant or highly significant. The correlations between the number of soil actinomycetes, and soil total N, available N, OM, and pH were also significant or highly significant. A suitable mixture of planted conifers and broad-leaved species improves the quality and amount of soil nutrients, increases the number of soil microorganisms and changes their redistribution. The change of soil enzymes and the number of soil microorganisms are indications of the change tendency of soil nutrients. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest A&F University (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 2008, 36(10): 88–94 [译自: 西北农林科技大学学报]     

Biomass production,nutrient cycling and distribution in age-sequence Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolate) plantations in subtropical China

Biomass production and nutrient(N, P, K, Ca and Mg) accumulation, distribution and cycling were quantified in young, mature and over-mature(10-, 22-, and34-year old) Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolate(Lamb.) Hook] plantations in southern China. Total stand biomass of young, mature and over-mature stands was 38,104 and 138 t ha-1respectively. Biomass production increased significantly with age. Stem wood represented the highest percentage of stand biomass, accounting for 41,55 and 63 % in the young, mature and over-mature plantations respectively. Nutrients concentration was highest in live needles and branches, and lowest in stem wood. The plantations accumulated more N, followed by K, Ca, Mg,and P. Nutrient return amount, nutrient utilization efficiency, nutrient turnover time, the ratio of nutrient returnand uptake increased with stand age, which implies that young Chinese fir deplete soil nutrients to maintain growth,and efficiently utilize nutrients to decrease dependence on soil nutrients as they age. Harvesting young Chinese fir plantations would therefore lead to high nutrient loss, but prolonging the rotation length could improve soil recovery,and help sustain productivity in the long-term. Improved nutrient return through litterfall as stands get older may also be beneficial to nutrient pool recovery.     

不同林龄马尾松人工林土壤有机碳特征及其与养分的关系

选择5个不同林龄阶段的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林,研究土壤有机碳的含量、碳储量以及有机碳与氮、磷、钾及pH值之间的关系.结果表明:土壤各层含碳率、碳储量均随林龄的增加而增大,8、12、18、22、30年生林分的碳储量分别为151.62、177.64、201.19、216.19、331.60 t/hm2;同一林龄,不同土壤层含碳率与碳贮量,均随土层深度的增加而减少,表现为:0～20 cm＞ 20～ 40 cm＞40～60cm;有机碳与氮、磷、钾之间均呈现极显著相关,与土壤的pH值相关性不显著.     

河口垦区橡胶树根病区土壤养分调查

对云南河口垦区99个橡胶树根病区和103个无病区土壤养分检测结果:除两区土壤全氮水平趋于平衡外,根病区土壤养分水平(尤其是有机质、有效磷、交换性钙和镁)均低于无病区,土壤养分水平低不利于橡胶树根系生长,树体抗性降低,可能是根病发生严重的一个原因。     

Dynamics of soil nutrients in larch plantations

IntroductionThesoildegradationofaFtificialforestisthecoreofresearchforplantationtostabilityandafforestationinChina.lnrecentyears,studiesonsoilfertiIityofplantationshavegradua[Iyincreased.forChinesefir,massonpine,popIar,Iarch,etc.Manyspecificmeas-ureshavebeenputfotwardtomaintainthesoilfertil-ityIevelinaFtificialforest(Pan1997,Yan1997lYan1996).owingtovariabilityofsoilfertilityinplantation,ithasmanydifficuItiestostudythesoiIfertility.Forexample,thesoiIsampIeplothastobemovedhori-zontalIyino…     

不同密度三倍体毛白杨试验林土壤养分的动态变化

以三倍体毛白杨不同密度试验林为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计研究了4 a生长期内5个不同密度(2 m×2 m、2 m×3 m、2 m×4 m、2 m×5 m和3 m×4 m)试验林的0 20、20 40、40 60 cm土壤层次的理化指标(pH值、有机质、全N、碱解N、全P、有效P、全K和速效K含量),结果表明:(1)4 a生长期内,三倍体毛白杨各密度试验林3个土层的pH值均增加,尤其是低密度(3 m×4 m)试验林增幅最大,且随土层加深碱性增强。(2)各密度试验林3个土层有机质含量呈先降后升的变化,高密度(2 m×2 m、2 m×3 m)试验林有机质消耗量显著比其它密度的大。(3)土壤全P和有效P含量呈先升后降的变化特点,高密度(2 m×2 m)试验林有效P消耗量显著比其它密度的大。(4)高密度(2 m×2 m)试验林土壤碱解N含量增幅显著;中、低密度(2 m×4 m、3 m×4 m)试验林土壤速效K含量降幅显著;其它养分指标无明显变化规律。     

Biomass production,nutrient cycling and distribution in age-sequence Chinese fir (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cunninghamia lanceolate</Emphasis>) plantations in subtropical China

Biomass production and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) accumulation, distribution and cycling were quantified in young, mature and over-mature (10-, 22-, and 34-year old) Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb.) Hook] plantations in southern China. Total stand biomass of young, mature and over-mature stands was 38, 104 and 138 t ha^?1 respectively. Biomass production increased significantly with age. Stem wood represented the highest percentage of stand biomass, accounting for 41, 55 and 63 % in the young, mature and over-mature plantations respectively. Nutrients concentration was highest in live needles and branches, and lowest in stem wood. The plantations accumulated more N, followed by K, Ca, Mg, and P. Nutrient return amount, nutrient utilization efficiency, nutrient turnover time, the ratio of nutrient return and uptake increased with stand age, which implies that young Chinese fir deplete soil nutrients to maintain growth, and efficiently utilize nutrients to decrease dependence on soil nutrients as they age. Harvesting young Chinese fir plantations would therefore lead to high nutrient loss, but prolonging the rotation length could improve soil recovery, and help sustain productivity in the long-term. Improved nutrient return through litterfall as stands get older may also be beneficial to nutrient pool recovery.     

云南河口不同土地利用方式下的土壤养分变化

选取云南河口橡胶园、油梨园和香蕉园的3种热带作物作为研究对象,通过研究其土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等指标,分析不同土地利用方式下的土壤养分变化状况。结果显示:3种热带作物中橡胶园有机质、解碱氮最高,pH、有效磷最低,速效钾居中;油梨园土壤pH、有机质、解碱氮、有效磷均为中间水平,速效钾最低;香蕉园土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾含量最高,有机质最低。总体来看,香蕉园土壤养分水平相对较高,橡胶园中等,油梨园中等偏下,这些养分指标中仅有橡胶园和油梨园土壤pH、有效磷之间存在极显著差异,各土壤养分之间为一般正相关关系,差异不显著。     

广西桉树造林区水体监测与评价

桉树人工林生态问题已成为森林与环境、林业持续发展中社会各界共同关注的焦点之一。通过在广西主要桉树人工林造林区设置3个监测点,进行pH值、高锰酸钾指数（CODMn）、5日生化需氧量（BOD5）和悬浮物（SS）的多年定位监测。监测数据表明：桉树造林后林区水样CODMn、BOD5、SS、pH值的参数均发生了显著的变化;宁明、...