缓控释肥在果树生产中的应用与展望

为推动缓控释肥在果树生产中的应用,实现果园优质高效和省力化栽培生产,总结了国内报道的有关缓控释肥的研究与应用文献资料;介绍了缓控释肥料概念和释放原理,概述了缓控释肥在果树上的效应研究,展望了缓控释肥在果树生产上的应用前景;建议今后应大力研制和推广果树专用缓控释肥料。     

草莓设施栽培缓控释肥应用研究

草莓设施栽培缓控释肥应用研究结果表明:在供试的4种缓控释肥料处理中,嘉磷丹和河北农民报的报农肥适宜在设施草莓上使用,比传统施肥成本较低且省工省力;金正大和根力多在设施草莓上使用时,畸形果率明显高于其它几种肥。     

黄瓜双断根嫁接工厂化育苗关键技术

黄瓜嫁接栽培是克服设施土壤重茬、预防土传病害、提高产量的最经济有效手段。黄瓜嫁接工厂化育苗,具有嫁接效率高、秧苗商品性好、定植缓苗快等特点,有利于黄瓜种植标准化生产的实现。通过棚室“4+2”消毒法、“311”轻型育苗基质配制、双断根嫁接技术、白粉病和白粉虱综合防控等技术创新与运用,形成了一套黄瓜双断根嫁接工厂化育苗技术体系,为促进蔬菜嫁接苗工厂化育苗发展提供参考。     

基于TOPSIS法的生防菌BG3对黄瓜苗生长的影响

以"津春4号"黄瓜为试材,探讨了不同剂量的生防菌剂BG3对黄瓜幼苗农艺性状表现以及生理生化指标的影响,研究了生防菌BG3对黄瓜生长的促生效应。结果表明:适宜剂量的生防菌剂BG3能够促进黄瓜幼苗的生长,但相同剂量的BG3制剂对不同指标的影响效果却不同;通过利用TOPSIS方法对各处理的生长指标进行综合评价得出,防菌剂BG3对黄瓜苗总体具有促生效应,在黄瓜生产中,可采用1kg土∶100mL生防菌剂BG3混合来处理播种土壤,以保证黄瓜苗期的良好生长。     

温室黄瓜定植前囤苗好

早春温室黄瓜一般于12月底、1月初开始育苗,2月底、3月初在温室内定植。由于早春地温低,黄瓜秧苗切块起坨后直接定植于温室内,根系损伤不易恢复,缓苗时间延长,不利于温室黄瓜的早熟高产,囤苗则是实现温室黄瓜早熟高产的一项重要措施。囤苗可使切块时损伤的根系很快得到恢复,并发生大量新根,还可扩大黄瓜幼苗的营养面积,提高秧苗质量。通过囤苗,把大苗摆放在温度较低处,把小苗摆放在温度较高处,使秧苗生长达到均匀一致,便于定植后统一管理。囤苗还可减少定植时切块起坨的工作量,缩短定植时间。囤苗的方法是:早春温室黄瓜定植前7～10 d,选晴天…     

首部缓控释肥产业白皮书发布

正我国缓控释肥10年累计推广面积约3 500万hm~2,实现节支增收1 100亿元。5月28日,由中国磷复肥工业协会、缓控释肥产业技术创新战略联盟、国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心共同主办的中国缓控释肥十年发展峰会在京召开。来自工信部、农业部等政府部门和化肥企业代表,以及业界专家学者等近     

包膜型缓控释肥料的国内外研究概况

首先介绍了缓控释肥的概念、发展历程及其分类方法和行业标准;其次对包膜型缓控释肥料的核心技术和典型产品作了重点总结;最后针对包膜型缓控释肥行业的发展问题,阐述了未来的研究重点。     

高分子缓/控释肥在小油菜上的应用研究

以小油菜为试材,研究了高低2种不同溶解度的高分子缓/控释肥对盆栽小油菜品质及产量的影响。结果表明:25℃下溶解度为45%的高分子缓/控释肥能够有效提高小油菜产量,溶解度为21%的高分子肥效果不如普通化学肥料;高溶解度和低溶解度的高分子缓/控释肥可有效提高小油菜品质,较普通肥相比可降低硝酸盐含量3.0~4.8倍,提高维生素C和可溶性糖含量作用显著。     

中国缓、控释化肥的研发进展

缓、控释肥料是未来肥料产业的发展的重要方向之一.该文综述了近年来我国缓、控释肥料的开发和产业化现状,分析了相关研发存在的问题,提出了中国缓、控释肥料研发应进一步采取的对策.     

春季大棚早熟黄瓜定植后的追肥方法

由于黄瓜根浅,好氧,喜湿怕涝不耐旱,喜肥不耐肥等特性,追肥时要掌握“少吃多餐”的则。1.定植后到根瓜膨大期。黄瓜定植后,对于营养条件要求十分严格,缓苗后秧苗开始迅速,所以要求较充足的养分。在定植两周后,每隔7—10天追一次肥,每亩地施入腐熟人粪尿150斤。     

优化短短芽孢杆菌施用技术对番茄和辣椒幼苗生长的影响

从不同施用方式、不同浓度及不同施用次数等方面优化短短芽孢杆菌FJAT-0809-GLX的施用技术,并研究其对番茄和辣椒幼苗的施用效果。结果表明,短短芽孢杆菌叶面喷施和灌根结合施用显著增加了辣椒幼苗的株高和茎粗,处理14d后株高净增长为20.00 cm,茎粗净增长为0.16 mm。不同浓度短短芽孢杆菌均能促进番茄和辣椒幼苗的生长,其中稀释500倍对番茄幼苗的促生效果最好,稀释10倍对辣椒幼苗的促生效果最好。短短芽孢杆菌不同灌根次数对番茄和辣椒幼苗生长的影响不同,灌根2~3次对番茄幼苗生长效果较好,灌根2次对辣椒幼苗生长效果最好。     

Analysis of the main factors involved in the evaluation of Prunus resistance to Plum pox virus (Sharka) in controlled greenhouse conditions

In countries like Spain or France, quarantine rules force researchers to evaluate the resistance to Sharka (Plum pox virus, PPV) in controlled, isolated conditions. This evaluation method shows important limitations resulting from the management of plants in the controlled conditions, grown in pots with artificial cycles of growth in the greenhouse and cold chamber, alternately. The objective of this study is to analyse different factors that affect the efficiency of the method of evaluation of PPV resistance in controlled greenhouse conditions. The cultivars evaluated as model genotypes were the resistant ‘Stark Early Orange’ and the susceptible ‘Real Fino’ apricot. Furthermore the ‘GF305’ peach was used as a susceptible control. The different studied factors were the inoculation protocol (rootstock or variety inoculation), the grafting success (depending on inoculation method, rootstock–variety combination and date of grafting), and the efficiency of the process in each artificial cycle of growth. Results showed that rootstock inoculation was more effective than inoculation of the variety. As rootstock, the ‘GF305’ seedlings were slightly better than the ‘Real Fino’ seedlings in the inoculation process, but they were quite similar in terms of effectiveness in the evaluation and grafting process. Grafting can be carried out in spring or autumn without having important differences. The global efficiency of the evaluation process was much higher with rootstock inoculation.     

三种不同材质小菜蛾性诱剂诱芯田间诱蛾效果比较

利用挂胶型诱捕器比较了常规长效诱芯、双孔扁垫柱型诱芯和圆锥柱型诱芯3种不同材质和形状的性诱芯诱捕小菜蛾的效果。结果表明:双孔扁垫柱型诱芯诱蛾效果为最佳,是圆锥柱型诱芯诱蛾量的1.61倍,是常规长效诱芯诱蛾量的1.16倍。在持效期方面,双孔扁垫柱型诱芯同常规长效诱芯相同,好于圆锥柱型诱芯。     

Comparison of sub-irrigation and overhead irrigation of tomato and lettuce seedlings

Summary

Overhead irrigation is a common irrigation practice in nurseries, yet it can be wasteful of water and nutrients. We compared the water use, fertilizer use and growth of ‘Top Gun’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and ‘Grosse Lisse’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings in sub and overhead irrigation systems. Five rates of controlled release fertilizer were used – 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 kg m^–3. Sub-irrigation used 86% less water than overhead irrigation. Irrigation type had a significant effect on some growth measurements by final harvest, 43 d after sowing. The sub-irrigated lettuce seedlings were significantly taller. The overhead irrigated lettuce seedlings had a higher dry weight and more leaves. The sub-irrigated tomato seedlings were taller, had longer leaves, a larger leaf area and more leaves. Increasing levels of controlled release fertilizer produced quadratic type responses over time for shoot dry weight, with 10 kg m^–3 producing tomato and lettuce transplants with a higher biomass in a shorter time than lower levels of fertilizer.     

Diagnostic value of Th17 cells in symptom severity and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AIM: To observed the correlation between Th17 cell level and the symptom severity and prognostic factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore the clinical application value of Th17 cell level in assessing the prognosis of patients with COPD. METHODS: The patients with diagnosed COPD (n=110) in our hospital during May 2013 to December 2014, and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), the COPD patients were divided into group A (low risk, less symptoms), group B (low risk, more symptoms), group C (high risk, less symptoms) and group D (high risk, more symptoms), which were given inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β₂ agonist or corticosteroid/long-acting β₂ agonist+long-acting antimuscarinic agent treatment for 3 months. The proportion of Th17 cells, cytokines (IL-17 and IL-6), the COPD assessment test (CAT) score, age, body mass index, pulmonary function and the times of acute exacerbation of COPD in previous 1 year were observed before and after treatment. The correlation analysis between the level of Th17 cells and other clinical characteristics was performed. RESULTS: Th17 cell, IL-17 and IL-6 levels in COPD group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). With the increase in the severity of COPD symptoms, Th17 cells, cytokines (IL-17 and IL-6) and CAT score in groups B and D were significantly higher than those in groups A and C (P < 0.05). The univariate analysis showed that the levels of Th17 cells in groups B and D before treatment were positively correlated with the CAT score (P < 0.05), which were negatively correlated with FEV₁ , FEV₁% Pred, FVC and FVC% Pred. The levels of Th17 cells were not correlated with the CAT score, FEV₁, FEV₁% Pred, FVC and FVC% Pred in groups A and C. The levels of Th17 cells after treatment were positively correlated with the CAT score, which were negatively correlated with FEV₁ , FEV₁% Pred, FVC and FVC% Pred (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The peripheral Th17 cell level has a good correlation with IL-17, IL-6, CAT score and pulmonary function in COPD patients, suggesting a potential value to predict the symptom severity and prognosis of COPD.     

平邑甜茶无融合生殖基因型分析及雌配子发育模式研究

【目的】为探明平邑甜茶的无融合生殖遗传与发育机制,【方法】以平邑甜茶与B9、M27、M9为亲本杂交,并筛选杂种实生苗;用去雄套袋法鉴定杂种的无融合生殖率,用流式细胞仪鉴定杂种的染色体倍性。【结果】获得种子3101粒,培育实生苗2 388株,从中筛选出杂种实生苗73株,其中58株开始开花结果。经无融合生殖率鉴定,有25株为84.00%~95.06%,8株为10.00%~48.00%,25株为0~5.00%;倍性鉴定表明,10株四倍体皆为无融合生殖型,4株二倍体皆为有性生殖型,三倍体植株中无融合生殖型加上中间型与有性生殖型数量比接近1∶1。【结论】验证了平邑甜茶的无融合生殖以显性单基因质量性状为主,也有数量性状效应;初步认为平邑甜茶无融合生殖核基因型为"Aaa"("A"代表无融合生殖基因,显性;"a"代表有性生殖基因,隐性);平邑甜茶胚囊多数情况下由未减数的2n=3x配子直接发育成与母株基因相同的胚,部分2n配子与雄配子结合,形成2n+n=4x型后代,少量胚囊经减数分裂产生n=x、n=2x两种配子,无融合生殖基因随n=2x配子分离。     

施用炭化苹果枝粉末对平邑甜茶生长及根系构型的影响

选取冬季修剪下来的‘红富士’苹果枝条,分别在400、600 和700 ℃下厌氧炭化后粉碎过筛,按照1%和2%的质量比施入2 年生盆栽平邑甜茶的盆土中,调查平邑甜茶光合性能、植株生长量、根系活力和根系构型参数等。结果表明,3 种温度热解制备的炭化苹果枝粉末明显提高平邑甜茶叶片净光合速率、株高、干径和植株干质量,明显增加根活力、根系总长度、根系直径、根系表面积和根系体积,并且明显增大根系分形维数,使根系结构复杂化;在400 ~ 700 ℃的范围内,随着炭化温度升高,炭化苹果枝粉末对平邑甜茶的作用效果也逐渐升高;土壤施用2%的炭化苹果枝粉末的作用效果大于施用1%的处理。     

镁、钙、硼、钼肥对茄子幼苗生长的影响

以'蓉杂茄8号'茄子为试材,通过叶面喷施稀释倍数为300、500、800倍的镁、钙、硼、钼4种肥料,研究了镁、钙、硼、钼肥料对茄子幼苗生长的影响,以期为生产应用提供参考。结果表明:叶面喷施镁肥有利于茄子幼苗生长,其中稀释800倍的镁肥效果最佳,其整株生物量较对照增加了40.00%。与对照相比,叶面喷施稀释500、800倍的钙肥使茄子幼苗株高增加16.39%、19.45%,根部生物量增加24.19%、29.03%,但却不利于叶片的生长;而稀释300倍的钙肥反而显著抑制了茄子幼苗生长。叶面喷施稀释300倍的硼肥能使茄子幼苗壮苗指数及整株生物量较对照提高20.22%、15.25%,但是稀释500、800倍的硼肥却显著抑制了茄子幼苗生长。叶面喷施钼肥不利于茄子幼苗叶片生长,但稀释500、800倍的钼肥却使茄子幼苗株高、茎粗显著增加,稀释300倍的钼肥则使其生物量增加。综上,镁肥、钙肥以稀释800倍效果最佳,而硼肥、钼肥以稀释300倍效果最佳。不同元素肥料中镁肥效果最佳,因此稀释800倍的镁肥可用于生产中培育茄子壮苗。     

不同嫁接方式对西瓜枯萎病防效以及产量和品质的影响

在西瓜枯萎病发生严重的土壤上,以台湾农友小兰为接穗、本地长颈葫芦为砧木,探讨了不同嫁接方式对西瓜枯萎病防效以及产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明,与西瓜自根苗比,采用断根嫁接法或是双断根嫁接法,西瓜苗根系发达,定植后发棵快,生长旺盛,光合速率增强;枯萎病发病率低,防效达82.6%~86.2%;西瓜667 m2产量2 673~2 925 kg,增产44.5%~58.2%,差异达显著水平;可溶性糖含量达11.2%~11.8%,提高了9.8%~15.6%,其中双断根嫁接法效果更为突出。     

大棚茄子追施保水缓释肥肥效研究

保水剂和缓释肥在西北干旱地区的初步应用取得了成功,具有比较明显的生态效益和经济效益,但在大棚中应用较少。为了研究保水缓释肥在大棚茄子上的应用效应,特进行了本试验。通过试验,发现大棚茄子追施保水缓释肥后,能有效拓展根系的分布范围,促进植株生长,提高花芽分化的质量,具有明显增产效应,可在生产上推广应用。