Neospora caninum DNA detection by TaqMan real-time PCR assay in experimentally infected pregnant heifers

Neosporosis has been considered the main cause of abortion between the first and the second trimester of pregnancy in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the presence of Neospora caninum DNA obtained from experimental models based on the evaluation of different areas of the fetal nervous system and organs from heifers previously inoculated with NC-1 after or before insemination. This study was performed with Hereford × Nelore (n = 29) heifers and all animals were considered free of diseases at the beginning of the experiment. All animals were bred by fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) and allocated as follows: (a) seronegative heifers subjected to TAI (TAI, n = 9), (b) heifers infected with N. caninun 60 days prior to TAI (NC-1 + TAI, n = 9), and (c) heifers submitted to TAI and infected with N. caninum 60 days later (TAI + NC-1, n = 11). The pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography 35 days after TAI and evaluated every 30 days until the end of gestation. Fetuses were collected surgically at 170 days of gestation, and immediately necropsied to remove tissues aseptically. Samples of the central nervous system (CNS), heart, kidney, lung, liver, skeletal muscle and caruncle were collected for DNA extraction. Days of gestation at abortion and interval from abortion to first insemination were examined by Student's t-test. At 35 days of gestation the pregnancy rates in the group NC-1 + TAI (4/9, 44.4%) was lower than in the control group (8/9, 88.8%, P < 0.05). At 60 days, the pregnancy rates in the NC-1 + TAI group (0/4, 0%) was lower compared to TAI + NC-1 (5/7, 71.4%) and control (6/8, 75.0%) groups (P < 0.05). Animals from the group NC-1 + TAI were re-inseminated 60 days after the first TAI. After pregnancy losses throughout the study, 5 animals (TAI), 3 animals (NC-1 + TAI) and 5 animals (TAI + NC-1) maintained pregnancy until 170 days of gestation. TaqMan RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of N. caninum DNA in the medulla and right posterior cortex in 3 out of 5 fetuses from the TAI + NC-1 group. We concluded that heifers infected after TAI had a higher incidence of the parasite at the fetus CNS. Identification of N. caninum by TaqMan RT-PCR would assist in the investigation of infection and in the evaluation of vaccines or therapeutic drugs to control neosporosis in cattle.     

猪蛔虫幼虫琼脂胶移行法的建立

本实验首次在国内建立起了线虫的琼脂胶移行法 (Agar- gel Migration Assay,AMA)。通过对影响幼虫活力的某些理化因素 ,如 :琼脂胶的温度、每孔加入的琼脂胶和幼虫混合液的体积、琼脂胶的浓度及幼虫在琼脂胶内移行的时间等研究发现 :加胶的温度和加胶的量对幼虫的移出率有较大的影响。幼虫的移出率随加胶温度的升高而降低 ,当温度达到 70℃时 ,则几乎无虫体从琼脂胶内移出 (移出率仅为 0 .5 % ) ;幼虫的移出率随加入琼脂胶量的增多而减小 ,当每孔加入 10 0 0μl时 ,幼虫的移出率为 16 .6 8% ,当加入 4 0 0μl时幼虫的移出率则能达到2 5 .17%。琼脂胶的浓度对幼虫移出的影响并不明显 ,采用 SAS软件 (for Windows V6 .12 )分析发现 1.2 %、1.0 %、0 .8%、0 .4 %的结果间无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但琼脂胶的浓度能影响胶液凝固的时间和凝固后的韧性。实验表明 :最适宜的加胶量为 4 0 0μl /孔 ,最适宜的加胶温度为 5 3℃ (Agar- gel,sigm a) ,在琼脂胶中最佳培养移行时间为 2 4 h,琼脂胶液的最适实验浓度为 1.5 %琼脂胶     

布鲁菌Cycling探针荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

根据布鲁菌BCSP31基因序列设计布鲁菌通用检测引物和探针,建立了布鲁菌Cycling探针荧光定量PCR检测方法。以构建的含BCSP31基因的质粒标准品10倍递进稀释为模板检测其敏感性,结果显示,本方法能检测约10个拷贝的阳性质粒,且标准曲线的线性关系良好。用本方法检测5株不同种的布鲁菌以及猪大肠杆菌K99、巴氏杆菌C48-1、猪链球菌ST171、绿脓杆菌等4株对照菌。结果显示,5株不同种的布鲁菌均出现典型的"S"型扩增曲线,4株对照菌40个循环内均无CT值出现。用本方法和B4/B5-PCR方法对来自布鲁菌病流行地区3个不同牛场的40份血样、奶样和血清样进行平行检测。结果显示,本方法和B4/B5-PCR方法的结果符合率为80.0%。B4/B5-PCR检测为阳性的27份样品经本方法检测均为阳性;B4/B5-PCR检测为阴性的13份样本,经本方法检测,其中8份呈阳性,5份为阴性。本方法的敏感性明显高于B4/B5-PCR方法。试验表明,所建立的Cycling探针荧光定量PCR方法具有敏感、特异、稳定等特点,可用于布鲁菌感染的快速检测。     

猪圆环病毒3型TaqMan-MGB荧光定量PCR方法的建立及应用

为建立猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)荧光定量PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中PCV3基因序列设计特异性引物和探针,经过反应体系和条件优化,建立了特异性检测PCV3的TaqMan-MGB荧光定量PCR方法。该检测方法在4.78×10~1拷贝/μL～4.78×10~9拷贝/μL质粒标准品范围内均有良好的线性关系;该方法特异性试验结果显示,其与多种常见猪病病毒均无交叉反应,特异性良好;本研究建立的方法敏感性是常规PCR方法的100倍,敏感性较高;批内批间重复性试验变异系数均小于2.3%,重复性良好。对临床样品的检测结果显示,该方法对PCV3的检出率高于常规PCR方法,并且PCV3阳性样品多存在混合感染情况。该方法的建立为PCV3的实验室诊断及流行病学调查提供了快速、准确的检测手段。     

羊痘病毒实时荧光定量TaqManPCR检测方法的建立

参照羊痘病毒（CaPV）P32的基因序列，设计合成了2套引物和1条探针，建立了实时荧光定量PCR技术，对细胞培养物、皮肤丘疹、痂皮等组织病料中的GPV进行了特异性检测和敏感性试验。结果显示，用300nmol／L引物浓度和200nmol／L探针浓度，获得的CT值较小，而△Rn最大；可检测到相当于0．1TCID50的病毒DNA；制作的标准曲线中各浓度范围内有极好的线性关系且线性范围宽，相关系数为0．9995以上；组内和组间试验重复性的变异系数分别为2．3％和3．4％；与常规的PCR相比较，该方法具有快速、特异、敏感、可定量，可同时检测大量样品等优点。表明，荧光TaqMan PCR是一种检测CaPV的良好方法，可对组织病料中低含量的CaPV或持续带毒宿主进行准确检测。     

Optimization of the agar-gel method for isolation of migrating Ascaris suum larvae from the liver and lungs of pigs

Experiments on use of an agar-gel method for recovery of migrating Ascaris suum larvae from the liver and lungs of pigs were conducted to obtain fast standardized methods. Subsamples of blended tissues of pig liver and lungs were mixed with agar to a final concentration of 1% agar and the larvae allowed to migrate out of the agar-gel into 0.9% NaCl at 38 degrees C. The results showed that within 3 h more than 88% of the recoverable larvae migrated out of the liver agar-gel and more than 83% of the obtained larvae migrated out of the lung agar-gel. The larvae were subsequently available in a very clean suspension which reduced the sample counting time. Blending the liver for 60 sec in a commercial blender showed significantly higher larvae recovery than blending for 30 sec. Addition of gentamycin to reduce bacterial growth during incubation, glucose to increase larval motility during migration or ice to increase sedimentation of migrated larvae did not influence larvae recovery significantly.     

犬源A型贾第虫real-time PCR检测方法的建立

为建立贾第虫定性定量的检测方法,本研究针对犬源贾第虫16S rRNA基因片段设计一对引物,将构建的重组质粒作为阳性对照,建立了贾第虫DNA的SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time PCR检测方法.结果显示,特异性产物Tm值为94.20℃,最低可检测到3.39 copy/μL的阳性质粒,标准曲线的相关系数为0.99.与其他常见原虫隐孢子虫、球虫、弓形虫均不发生交叉反应,重复性变异系数小于3％.该检测方法具有较好的特异性和敏感性,为贾第虫病的临床检测和流行病学调查提供了新的技术手段.     

鲤科疱疹病毒2型TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立快速和敏感的检测鲤科疱疹病毒2型(CyHV-2)的方法,本研究根据CyHV-2 DNA聚合酶基因序列合成引物和TaqMan探针,建立了CyHV-2荧光定量PCR检测方法.结果显示,以重组质粒为标准品建立的标准曲线在5拷贝/μL～5×108拷贝/μL具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999;其最低检出量为5拷贝/μL,比普通PCR的敏感度高100倍.该方法仅对CyHV-2的靶基因序列进行扩增,而对锦鲤疱疹病毒、流行性造血器官坏死病病毒、病毒性出血性败血症病毒、传染性胰脏坏死病病毒及鲤春病毒血症病毒核酸扩增结果均为阴性.组内和组间重复试验变异系数的平均值分别为0.5％和0.3％,具有良好的重复性.与常规PCR相比较,该方法具有快速、敏感、特异及高通量检测等优点,适用于对CyHV-2的快速检测.     

猪Hokovirus TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法的建立与应用

为建立检测PHoV的TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法,本研究根据PHoV的VP2基因序列设计引物和探针,以梯度稀释的含有VP2基因的重组质粒作为标准品,进行定量PCR反应.结果显示,该方法的检测灵敏度为10拷贝;而且该检测方法特异性较好,与猪的其他病毒核酸均无交叉反应;批内和批间的变异系数低于3.29％,表明该方法的重复性较好.对华东地区采集的225份临床样品进行检测,结果显示,PHoV的阳性率为14.2％.本研究建立的荧光定量PCR方法灵敏度高、特异性好,可以为PHoV的流行病学调查和发病机制等研究提供可靠的工具.     

基于TaqMan探针的Real-time PCR定量检测空肠弯曲杆菌

空肠弯曲杆菌 (Campylobacterjejuni ,C .jijuni)被认为是人类主要食源性病原菌之一。由于空肠弯曲杆菌特殊的生长条件和容易进入不可培养但存活的状态 (Viablebutnonculturable ,VNC) ,所以传统的生化鉴定结果并不一定可靠 ,并且是一项费时而繁琐的工作。核酸检测方法的出现为空肠弯曲杆菌的检测带来了方便。在本文基于LightCycler为平台 ,建立一种基于TaqMan探针的Real_timePCR方法来定量检测空肠弯曲杆菌。用该方法检测时 ,发现所有空肠弯曲杆菌 (11株 )都呈阳性 ,所有其它弯曲菌 (3株 )和其它菌株 (5株 )都是阴性。整个检测过程 6 0min内可以完成 ,检测限度为5CFU ,标准曲线的相关系数为 0 .988。结果表明荧光定量PCR方法既为空肠弯曲杆菌提供了一种特异、敏感、快速和简洁的定量检测方法 ,又为研究空肠弯曲杆菌致病机理提供了一种重要方法。     

检测猪戊型肝炎病毒的荧光定量PCR方法的建立

根据GenBank中猪戊型肝炎病毒的ORF2核苷酸序列的保守区域设计合成一对特异性引物,建立了一套SYBRGreen Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测猪源戊型肝炎病毒(swHEV)的方法,并评价了该方法的灵敏度、稳定性和特异性,同时与常规的RT-nPCR进行对比分析.结果表明,建立标准曲线的相关系数为0.998,斜率为-3.039,Ct值变异系数(CV)在0.17％～1.41％之间,有良好的稳定性.同时在检测猪群常见病中显示出很好的特异性,并且比RT-nPCR更灵敏,适合于swHEV的检测.     

Development of a real-time SYBR Green PCR assay for the rapid detection of Dermatophilus congolensis

Methods such as real time (RT)-PCR have not been developed for the rapid detection and diagnosis of Dermatophilus (D.) congolensis infection. In the present study, a D. congolensis-specific SYBR Green RT-PCR assay was evaluated. The detection limit of the RT-PCR assay was 1 pg of DNA per PCR reaction. No cross-reaction with nucleic acids extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, or Austwickia chelonae was observed. Finally, the RT-PCR assay was used to evaluate clinical samples collected from naturally infected animals with D. congolensis. The results showed that this assay is a fast and reliable method for diagnosing dermatophilosis.     

A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae

AIM: To develop a real-time PCR for the detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae, using PCR primers targeting the ma-mp81 gene.

METHODS: A group of 15 M. agalactiae isolates, 21 other Mycoplasma spp. isolates and 21 other bacterial isolates was used in evaluation of the assay.

RESULTS: All M. agalactiae isolates were detected by the assay and none of the non-target isolates was amplified. The analytical detection limit of the assay was 10 fg of purified genomic DNA and 10⁴ cfu/ml milk inoculated with M. agalactiae. When applied to goat-milk samples collected from three herds free of M. agalactiae infection, the assay had a specificity of 100%.

CONCLUSIONS: The assay would be useful in a diagnostic laboratory, providing specific, sensitive and rapid detection of M. agalactiae.     

禽流感DNA疫苗重组质粒组织分布的实时荧光定量PCR方法建立

为研究禽流感病毒(AIV)DNA疫苗重组质粒在组织中的分布情况,本研究以AIV DNA疫苗pCAGGoptiHA 5HA基因为检测对象,分别建立检测AIV DNA疫苗重组质粒的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时定量PCR方法和TaqMan MGB实时定量PCR方法。经优化比较两种方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性和污染率。结果表明,两种方法的标准曲线线性关系均较好,相关系数均达到0.999;最低检测量为42 copies,特异性强;探针法的重复性优于染料法,污染率低于染料法,因此采用TaqMan MGB实时定量PCR方法检测AIV DNA疫苗重组质粒组织分布情况。     

Evaluation of PCR inhibitory effect of enrichment broths and comparison of DNA extraction methods for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis using real-time PCR assay

The best enrichment broth and DNA extraction scheme was determined for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in steamed pork using real-time PCR. The inhibitory effect of commonly used Salmonella enrichment broths, Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) and Muller-Kauffmann tetrathionate with novobiocin (MKTTn), on real-time PCR was confirmed. The inhibition of PCR was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in RV and MKTTn, as compared with buffered peptone water (BPW) or phosphate-buffered saline. The inhibitory effect of the selective enrichment media was successfully removed by using a modified DNA extraction, PrepMan Ultra Reagent with an additional washing step or the DNeasy Tissue Kit. In three experiments, when applied to detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in steamed pork, the real-time PCR coupled with single 24 h enrichment with BPW performed better than double 48 h enrichment with BPW plus RV or MKTTn. The simple real-time PCR assay using BPW proved to be a rapid and sensitive test for detection of low concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis in steamed pork samples as compared with the conventional culture method.     

羊鞭虫病实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速检测羊鞭虫病实时荧光PCR方法,根据GenBank已经公布的羊鞭虫(Trichuris ovis)ITS基因序列(登录号:JF680987.1),设计特异性引物和TaqMan探针,以重组质粒作为绝对定量模板,建立检测羊鞭虫病的TaqMan实时荧光PCR方法。对反应体系的特异性、敏感性和稳定性进行评价,并用该方法对临床样品进行检测。结果显示,该检测方法线性关系良好,标准曲线的相关系数R^2=0.994,扩增效率E=1.05。该方法特异性强,与其他8种常见家畜寄生性线虫病不发生交叉反应;灵敏度高,最低检出下限为31.7拷贝/μL;重复性好,组内和组间变异系数分别为0.43%~1.04%和1.20%~1.91%,均小于2.00%。用建立的实时荧光PCR方法和显微镜检查方法分别对20份临床样品进行检测,实时荧光PCR和显微镜检查方法检出的阳性样品分别为14和9份。本研究建立的TaqMan实时荧光PCR方法能在粪便中快速、准确、灵敏检测羊鞭虫卵,为羊鞭虫病的检测和防控提供新的方法。     

口蹄疫病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立检测口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的方法,本研究根据GenBank中FMDV的2B基因序列,设计合成一对引物和一条TaqMan探针,将2B基因克隆到pBlueScriptSK(-)载体中,利用T7体外转录试剂盒制备标准品,通过优化反应条件,建立了TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法.结果表明,该检测方法的敏感性达到102拷贝/μL;与其它主要相关病毒均不发生交叉反应,批内和批间试验重复性的变异系数(CV)均小于3％.本研究建立的FMDV TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法对FMDV的快速检测具有重要意义.     

猪劳森氏胞内菌TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速有效的检测猪劳森氏胞内菌(LI)的方法,本研究根据该菌的天冬氨酸氨裂解酶基因保守序列设计合成一对特异性引物和一条TaqMan探针,建立了定量检测LI的荧光定量PCR方法,并对其进行敏感性、特异性、稳定性试验以及与套氏PCR方法的比较试验.结果表明,标准曲线的循环阈值与模板浓度呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.998507;该方法对其他病原体的检测无特异性荧光信号;而且该方法灵敏度高于套式PCR方法.本研究为猪LI的检测提供了一种特异、敏感、快速的定量检测方法.     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒TaqMan real-time PCR检测方法的建立

为建立鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)TaqMan Real-time PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中登录的ILTV gB基因序列设计了2对引物与一条特异性TaqMan探针,通过对反应体系和反应条件的优化,特异性、敏感性以及重复性试验,证明该方法在核酸含量108拷贝/μL～101拷贝/μL范围内具有良好的线性关系;能够检测初始模板中10-3EID50的病毒核酸及16拷贝的标准品;与其它相关的鸡源病毒均无交叉反应,并且批内、批间变异系数均小于2%,具有良好的重复性。该检测方法的建立为ILTV的临床检测和定量分析提供了一种快速、准确的技术手段。     

实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测禽白血病病毒方法的建立与应用

建立了TaqMan实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测禽白血病病毒(ALV)。选取ALV病毒的LTR序列设计引物和探针,以梯度稀释的含有ALV目的扩增片段的质粒作为标准品,进行定量PCR反应以确定检测灵敏度。阳性标准品在3.0×102~3.0×107个拷贝共6个数量级的范围内,定量PCR反应有"S"型扩增曲线,检测灵敏度最低为30个拷贝。根据病毒拷贝数与定量反应Ct值的关系,绘制了标准曲线。该方法具有特异性,对新城疫病毒、禽流感病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、传染性囊病病毒、鸡传染性贫血病毒和马立克病病毒核酸都没有扩增反应。实时定量PCR检测ALV的方法,灵敏度高,特异性好,可以进行定量分析,在禽病的快速检测上具有重要意义。