浅议被告人 犯罪嫌疑人的劳动权

随着科学的进步和社会的发展,人权观念也逐渐深入人心,被告人、犯罪嫌疑人的人权如何得到保护已经渐入我们的视野,尤其是他们的劳动权问题,仍有很大的改进空间。本文主要围绕着被告人、犯罪嫌疑人应当享有劳动权及这一权利如何得到保障这一观点进行阐述。     

Nest inheritance is the missing source of direct fitness in a primitively eusocial insect

Animals that cooperate with nonrelatives represent a challenge to inclusive fitness theory, unless cooperative behavior is shown to provide direct fitness benefits. Inheritance of breeding resources could provide such benefits, but this route to cooperation has been little investigated in the social insects. We show that nest inheritance can explain the presence of unrelated helpers in a classic social insect model, the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes dominulus. We found that subordinate helpers produced more direct offspring than lone breeders, some while still subordinate but most after inheriting the dominant position. Thus, while indirect fitness obtained through helping relatives has been the dominant paradigm for understanding eusociality in insects, direct fitness is vital to explain cooperation in P. dominulus.