Anatomy of a conformational change: hinged "lid" motion of the triosephosphate isomerase loop

Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is used as a model system for the study of how a localized conformational change in a protein structure is produced and related to enzyme reactivity. An 11-residue loop region moves more than 7 angstroms and closes over the active site when substrate binds. The loop acts like a "lid" in that it moves rigidly and is attached by two hinges to the remainder of the protein. The nature of the motion appears to be built into the loop by conserved residues; the hinge regions, in contrast, are not conserved. Results of molecular dynamics calculations confirm the structural analysis and suggest a possible ligand-induced mechanism for loop closure.     

一种油罐底板渗漏的实时监测技术

在油罐渗漏事故中，底板渗漏占的比率最高，渗漏的油水混合物腐蚀能力极强，而一般的检查方法有时很难判断底板是否发生渗漏。通过对油罐底板渗漏及其检测方法的分析，提出了一种实时监测油罐底板渗漏的技术——油罐基础检漏层技术，介绍了油罐基础检漏层的结构原理、设计计算及安装注意事项。     

The roles of structural imperfections in InGaN-based blue light-emitting diodes and laser diodes

REVIEW High-efficiency light-emitting diodes emitting amber, green, blue, and ultraviolet light have been obtained through the use of an InGaN active layer instead of a GaN active layer. The localized energy states caused by In composition fluctuation in the InGaN active layer are related to the high efficiency of the InGaN-based emitting devices. The blue and green InGaN quantum-well structure light-emitting diodes with luminous efficiencies of 5 and 30 lumens per watt, respectively, can be made despite the large number of threading dislocations (1 x 10(8) to 1 x 10(12) cm-2). Epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN on sapphire reduces the number of threading dislocations originating from the interface of the GaN epilayer with the sapphire substrate. InGaN multi-quantum-well structure laser diodes formed on the GaN layer above the SiO2 mask area can have a lifetime of more than 10,000 hours. Dislocations increase the threshold current density of the laser diodes.     

滚筒式生物反应器固态发酵的应用研究

传统方法生产丹贝（大豆发酵食品）都以静态方式进行固态发酵，发酵过程中热质传递受到一定的限制，会产生温度梯度，且气体组分不均匀，从而导致发酵产品质量不稳定。滚筒式生物反应器的应用可以促进热质传递，使物料均匀发酵，且易于实现机械化生产和扩大生产规模。笔者参予设计制造了450L的滚筒式生物反应器，并利用其进行了固态发酵生产丹贝的应用研究。以2株根霉为发酵剂，进行了静态和动态固态发酵的对照试验，并对发酵过程中物料的化学组分和微生物组成进行了检测。结果表明，滚筒式固态发酵产品质量可靠；不同的菌株对搅动有不同的反应，其中微孢子根霉对搅动有适应能力，适用于滚筒固态发酵。     

Structure of membrane surfactant and liquid crystalline smectic lamellar phases under flow

Synchrotron x-ray scattering studies were performed to probe the nonequilibrium structures of two layered systems at high shear rates: the smectic-A phase of the thermotropic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4'-octylbiphenyl (8CB) and the lamellar L(alpha) phases of surfactant membranes composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate and pentanol. Whereas the lamellar surfactant phases oriented primarily with their layers parallel to the shearing plates, as expected intuitively, in the corresponding high shear regime, the smectic-A liquid crystalline material oriented with the layers perpendicular to the shearing plates. A careful numerical study revealed that this surprising layer orientation results from nonlinear dynamics of the liquid crystal director and is caused by the flow distortion of thermal fluctuations.     

Global prevalence of double Benioff zones

Double Benioff zones provide opportunities for insight into seismogenesis because the underlying mechanism must explain two layers of deep earthquakes and the separation between them. We characterize layer separation inside subducting plates with a coordinate rotation to calculate the slab-normal distribution of earthquakes. Benchmark tests on well-established examples confirm that layer separation is accurately quantified with global seismicity catalogs alone. Global analysis reveals double Benioff zones in 30 segments, including all 16 subduction zones investigated, with varying subducting plate ages and stress orientations, which implies that they are inherent in subducting plates. Layer separation increases with age and is more consistent with dehydration of antigorite than chlorite.     

健康白鲢鱼体的病原菌

从白鲢鱼体分离到一批溶血毒素产生菌，对这批菌的工病性和毒力相关因子作了检测，并对其中的几株典型菌株作了鉴定。部分溶血毒素产生菌对全体致病，鉴定表明其中两株菌属于嗜水气羊胞菌．实验结果说明健康白鲢鱼作微生物群落中存在致病性嗜水气单胞菌，但致病性与是否吸收刚果红、吸收铁盐等没有必然联系。     

许氏平鲉消化管上皮细胞及消化腺组织学和组织化学

对许氏平鲉Sebastes schlegeli(Hilgendorf)消化管中的上皮细胞及消化腺进行了组织学及组织化学的研究.经光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,口咽腔、舌和食道黏膜表面为复层扁平细胞,含有杯状细胞和味蕾,上皮细胞表面具微脊(微皱襞).食道下段复层扁平细胞中夹有单层柱状细胞.胃黏膜表面为单层柱状细胞,细胞表面具顶板.胃贲门和盲囊部有丰富胃腺,盲囊底部和幽门部无胃腺.肠黏膜表面为单层柱状细胞,小肠段杯状细胞丰富,幽门盲囊上皮细胞结构同小肠.另外,还研究了肝脏、胰腺和胆囊的结构.     

钵体苗活动苗盘的结构设计

为解决钵苗基质与钵盘间因接触面积大而导致其黏附力大、取苗时钵苗基质破损率高的问题,将现有油菜钵体苗育苗盘设计成由齿形侧板、矩形侧板、扭力弹簧和支撑轴等组成的钵穴形状可变的活动苗盘。借助Admas软件模拟仿真活动苗盘的开启过程及侧板上的受力情况,得到开启矩形侧板、齿形侧板的作用力峰值分别为4.28和9.22 N,作用力峰值出现时的位移间隔为25 mm。在万能材料力学试验机上对活动苗盘开启过程及侧板上的受力进行检测,得到开启矩形侧板、齿形侧板的作用力峰值分别为4.72和9.96 N,其作用力峰值出现时的位移间隔为24.3 mm,位移误差为2.8%。结果表明,活动苗盘的开启过程中作用力峰值变化趋势一致,所设计的活动苗盘开启过程各侧板开启位置及开启时间与设计目标一致,能实现有序打开。     

Boundary layer profiles in plasma chemical vapor deposition

A nonlinear optical spectroscopy based on degenerate four-wave mixing has made possible direct measurements of species temperature and concentration profiles through the boundary layer of a reactive plasma at atmospheric pressure. Spectra were obtained for CH and C(2) radicals over a range of conditions including those for the plasma chemical vapor deposition of diamond films. Numerical simulations based on a one-dimensional stagnation-point flow model are in good agreement with the measurements. The CH mole fraction is shown to rise and fall as a function of distance from the substrate, which is compelling experimental evidence for the complex chemistry that is occurring in the plasma boundary layer.     

溶菌酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

为了从微生物中获取溶菌酶,本研究采用双层平板法从土壤中筛选获得一株产溶菌酶活性较高的菌株S2-6b.利用摇瓶发酵优化产酶条件,液体发酵培养基成分为可溶性淀粉15%,牛肉膏25%,玉米浆05%,NaCl 05%,起始pH值为70,培养温度为28 ℃,接种量为30%,摇瓶的装液量为40 mL/300 mL,转速为200 r...     

Luminescent color image generation on porous silicon

Black and white images were projected onto n-type silicon (100) wafers during a photoelectrochemical etch to produce a color image that photoluminesces. The photoluminescence originates from a thin layer of luminescent porous silicon that is produced in the photoetch, and the colors that appear in the etched image arise from thin-film optical interference. A diffraction grating was also photoetched into the substrate, demonstrating simultaneous encoding of a gray-scale image into thin-film interference, luminescence, and diffraction phenomena.     

不同附着基质对苦草生长的影响

通过室内试验,将苦草（Vallisneria natans）种子播种在不同附着基质上,对其发芽情况和苦草的形态特征及生物量分配格局进行了研究。结果表明：（1） 在人工丝状棉上生长的苦草新生叶片数、最长根长、茎叶总长都要显著大于在薄层海绵和棕丝束上生长的苦草。而对照无附着基质组的苦草部分浮于水面,叶片枯黄,各项生长指标均低于其他3组;（2） 对照组中生长的苦草根数量最少,显著小于其他3个试验组上生长的苦草,但是该组苦草的根上生物量占有率及出现弯曲茎的数量大大高于其他3组;（3） 人工丝状棉基质上,苦草的存活率显著大于薄层海绵基质和棕丝束基质,也显著大于对照组（无基质）,四组的存活率分别为91%,88%,69%,21%。因此,基质条件对苦草的生长和形态有较大的影响,如果没有附着基质,苦草易于漂浮水面而死亡;在结构疏松的人工丝状棉基质上,苦草长势最好,但考虑到苦草在基质上的附着牢度和基质浸泡水中的理化变化,故本次试验中,薄层海绵为最好的附着基质。     

Molecular layering of fluorinated ionic liquids at a charged sapphire (0001) surface

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are promising candidates for a broad range of "green" applications, for which their interaction with solid surfaces plays a crucial role. In this high-energy x-ray reflectivity study, the temperature-dependent structures of three ionic liquids with the tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate anion in contact with a charged sapphire substrate were investigated with submolecular resolution. All three RTILs show strong interfacial layering, starting with a cation layer at the substrate and decaying exponentially into the bulk liquid. The observed decay length and layering period point to an interfacial ordering mechanism, akin to the charge inversion effect, which is suggested to originate from strong correlations between the unscreened ions. The observed layering is expected to be a generic feature of RTILs at charged interfaces.     

3种新烟碱类杀虫剂在蜂蜜中HPTLC残留分析方法的研究

建立了吡虫啉、噻虫胺和噻虫嗪在蜂蜜中残留的高效薄层色谱(HPTLC)检测方法,用乙腈机械震荡提取后涡旋并离心样品,于C-18固相萃取柱净化,CAMAGLinomatⅣ点样仪点样,二氯甲烷∶乙酸乙酯=3∶1(V∶V)混合溶液单向上行展开,于254nm波长进行HPTLC检测。结果表明,当3种农药在蜂蜜中的添加浓度分别0.05、0.5和1.0 mg·kg~(-1)时,添加回收率分别为71.58%~101.25%、72.29%~109.47%和79.88%~108.92%,相对标准偏差分别为9.31%~14.47%、7.79%~12.86%和9.24%~14.23%,均满足农残分析的基本要求。     

The Gutenberg discontinuity: melt at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary

The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) beneath ocean basins separates the upper thermal boundary layer of rigid, conductively cooling plates from the underlying ductile, convecting mantle. The origin of a seismic discontinuity associated with this interface, known as the Gutenberg discontinuity (G), remains enigmatic. High-frequency SS precursors sampling below the Pacific plate intermittently detect the G as a sharp, negative velocity contrast at 40- to 75-kilometer depth. These observations lie near the depth of the LAB in regions associated with recent surface volcanism and mantle melt production and are consistent with an intermittent layer of asthenospheric partial melt residing at the lithospheric base. I propose that the G reflectivity is regionally enhanced by dynamical processes that produce melt, including hot mantle upwellings, small-scale convection, and fluid release during subduction.     

圆口铜鱼卵巢发育及卵子发生的初步研究

对采于长江木洞江段和金沙江攀枝花江段的165尾圆口铜鱼进行了常规解剖,显微结构观察,结果表明：卵巢发育可分为Ⅰ～Ⅴ期。Ⅰ期卵巢较细,呈线状,以卵原细胞为主。Ⅱ期卵巢体积增加,呈“V”形;第2时相卵母细胞进入小生长期,产卵板明显;细胞质中出现卵黄核和生长环,周围有零散滤泡细胞。Ⅲ期卵巢因血管分布呈微红色,第3时相卵母细胞进入大生长期,核仁外排明显;液泡、卵黄颗粒及放射带出现,形成单层扁平滤泡层。Ⅳ期卵巢呈囊状,血管分布丰富,可见卵粒;第4时相卵母细胞,液泡逐渐退化,卵黄颗粒充满细胞质,滤泡层分化为2层。     

北沙参茎叶的紫外-可见光谱和薄层色谱鉴别分析

采用紫外-可见光谱法分别对石油醚、乙醚、氯仿、无水乙醇、甲醇和水6种溶剂的北沙参(Glehnia littoralis)茎叶提取液进行紫外-可见光谱扫描,并测定其吸收峰数目和峰位置;以不同配比的石油醚-乙醚-冰醋酸为展开剂,用硅胶G预制薄层板,对上述6种溶剂的北沙参茎叶提取液进行薄层展开,观察其成分的分离情况。结果表明,紫外-可见光谱中,所得的吸收峰数目及峰位置都有差异;薄层色谱主斑点位置有明显差异,且集中、分离度好,均能使其成分得到较好的分离。这两种方法简便、准确、灵敏,可用于北沙参茎叶的快速鉴别。     

CO2 snow depth and subsurface water-ice abundance in the northern hemisphere of Mars

Observations of seasonal variations of neutron flux from the high-energy neutron detector (HEND) on Mars Odyssey combined with direct measurements of the thickness of condensed carbon dioxide by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on Mars Global Surveyor show a latitudinal dependence of northern winter deposition of carbon dioxide. The observations are also consistent with a shallow substrate consisting of a layer with water ice overlain by a layer of drier soil. The lower ice-rich layer contains between 50 and 75 weight % water, indicating that the shallow subsurface at northern polar latitudes on Mars is even more water rich than that in the south.     

Controlled Deposition of Size-Selected Silver Nanoclusters

Variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy was used to study the effect of kinetic cluster energy and rare-gas buffer layers on the deposition process of size-selected silver nanoclusters on a platinum(111) surface. Clusters with impact energies of 相似文献