Abundance of alkali metals, alkaline and rare earths, and strontium-87/ strontium-86 ratios in lunar samples

The variation in trace element abundance patterns indicates that lunar igneous rocks are the product of extensive igneous fractionation. Variations in the Sr(87)/ Sr(86) ratio indicate that these rocks crystallized 3.5+/-0.3 x 10(9) years ago.     

Samarium-neodymium systematics in kimberlites and in the minerals of garnet lherzolite inclusions

The initial ratios of neodymium-143 to neodymium-144 in kimberlites ranging in age between 90 x 10(6) to 1300 x 10(6) years from South Africa, India, and the United States are different from the corresponding ratios in the minerals of peridotite inclusions in the kimberlites but are identical to the ratios in the basaltic achondrite Juvinas at the times of emplacement of the respective kimberlite pipes. This correlation between the kimberlites and Juvinas, which represents the bulk chondritic earth in rare-earth elements, strongly indicates that the kimberlite's source in the mantle is chondritic in rare-earth elements and relatively primeval in composition.     

X-rays from Sources 3C 273 and M 87

An x-ray survey of the Virgo region revealed signals from the directions of 3C 273 and M 87. Three other x-ray sources appear in the region scanned, but do not fit any known radio sources. The x-ray flux (1 to 10 angstroms) from the direction of 3C 273 is about 1000 times weaker than from the strongest x-ray source, Sco XR-1. If the source is located at the cosmological distance of 500 megaparsecs, the x-ray luminosity is 7.3 x 10(45) ergs per second. The x-ray luminosity of M87 is 1.5 x 10(43) ergs per second.     

Ages, irradiation history, and chemical composition of lunar rocks from the sea of tranquillity

The (87)Rb-(87)Sr internal isochrons for five rocks yield an age of 3.65 +/-0.05 x 10(9) years which presumably dates the formation of the Sea of Tranquillity. Potassium-argon ages are consistent with this result. The soil has a model age of 4.5 x10(9) years, which is best regarded as the time of initial differentiation of the lunar crust. A peculiar rock fragment from the soil gave a model age of 4.44 x 10(9) years. Relative abundances of alkalis do not suggest differential volatilization. The irradiation history of lunar rocks is inferred from isotopic measurements of gadolinium, vanadium, and cosmogenic rare gases. Spallation xenon spectra exhibit a high and variable (131)Xe/(126)Xe ratio. No evidence for (129)I was found. The isotopic composition of solar-wind xenon is distinct from that of the atmosphere and of the average for carbonaceous chondrites, but the krypton composition appears similar to average carbonaceous chondrite krypton.     

Time differences in the formation of meteorites as determined from the ratio of lead-207 to lead-206

Measurements of the lead isotopic composition and the uranium, thorium, and lead concentrations in meteorites were made in order to obtain more precise radiometric ages of these members of the solar system. The newly determined value of the lead isotopic composition of Canyon Diablo troilite is as follows: (206)Pb/(204)Pb = 9.307, (207)Pb/(2O4)Pb = 10.294, and (208)Pb/(204)Pb = 29.476. The leads of Angra dos Reis, Sioux County, and Nuevo Laredo achondrites are very radiogenic, the (206)Pb/(204)Pb values are about 200, and the uranium-thorium-lead systems are nearly concordant. The ages of the meteorites as calculated from a single-stage (207)Pb/(206)Pb isochron based on the newly determined primordial lead value and the newly reported (235)U and (838)U decay constants, are 4.528 x 10(9) years for Sioux County and Nuevo Laredo and 4.555 x 10(9) years for Angra dos Reis. When calculated with the uranium decay constants used by Patterson, these ages are 4.593 x 10(9) years and 4.620 x 10(9) years, respectively, and are therefore 40 to 70 x 10(6) years older than the 4.55 x 10(9) years age Patterson reported. The age difference of 27 x 10(6) years between Angra dos Reis and the other two meteorites is compatible with the difference between the initial (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio of Angra dos Reis and that of seven basaltic achondrites observed by Papanastassiou and Wasserburg. The time difference is also comparable to that determined by (129)1-(129)Xe chronology. The ages of ordinary chondrites (H5 and L6) range from 4.52 to 4.57 x 10(9) years, and, here too, time differences in the formation of the parent bodies or later metamorphic events are indicated. Carbonaceous chondrites(C2 and C3) appear to contain younger lead components.     

Kiaman magnetic interval in the Western United States

Late-Paleozoic red beds in the western United States indicate that Earth's magnetic field was reversed for a period of the order of 50 x 10(6) years. This finding agrees with similar results from igneous rocks in Australia, indicating, that the long period of reversal in the magnetic field was worldwide. The rocks on the two continents appear to be essentially equivalent in time, suggesting early magnetization of the red beds. The time spectrum of reversals is irregular in geologic time, but present evidence suggests reversals characterized by time scales of 10(4) or 10(5), 10(6), and 50 x 10(6) years. The 50 x 10(6) year period of steady reversed field is found in the late Paleozoic and is termed the Kiaman magnetic interval.     

Rubidium-strontium age and elemental and isotopic abundances of some trace elements in lunar samples

Data on six lunar crystalline rocks give an apparent Rb-Sr isochron age of 4.42 +/- 0.24 x 10(9) years (95 percent confidence limits) and initial (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio similar to that in a basaltic achondrite. Relationships between K, Rb, Sr, and Ba and depletion of Eu in these samples point to plagioclase separation from the melts that produced these rocks. The abundance of (157)Gd in the three lunar samples is similar to terrestrial abundance within < 0.2 percent, thus setting a limit of < 6 x 10(15) neutrons per square centimeter for the integrated thermal neutron flux difference between lunar and terrestrial materials.     

Orphan strontium-87 in abyssal peridotites: daddy was a granite

The (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios in some bulk abyssal and alpine peridotites are too high to be binary mixtures of depleted mantle and seawater components. The apparent excess, or "orphan," (87)Sr appears to be separated from its radioactive parent. Such observations were widely held to be analytical artifacts. Study of several occurrences of orphan (87)Sr shows that the orphan component in abyssal peridotite is located in the alteration products of olivine and enstatite in the peridotite. The orphan (87)Sr is most likely introduced by infiltration of low-temperature (<200 degrees C) seawater bearing suspended detrital particulates. These particulates include grains of detrital clay that are partly derived from continental (that is, granitic) sources and thus are highly radiogenic. Orphan (87)Sr and other radiogenic isotopes may provide a tracer for low-temperature seawater penetrating into the oceanic crust.     

鳗鲡疱疹病毒ORF87基因克隆及其多克隆抗体的制备

【目的】克隆鳗鲡疱疹病毒（Anguillid herpesvirus,AngHV） ORF87基因,分析其序列特征并制备多克隆抗体,为揭示ORF87基因在AngHV侵染过程中的作用机制提供技术支持。【方法】根据GenBank已公布AngHV参考株（NC_013668）的ORF87基因序列设计引物,从AngHV-FJ株基因组中扩增出ORF87基因,构建重组质粒pMD19-ORF87经酶切鉴定和测序验证后,采用Softberry、ProtParam、CDD、TMHMM、SignalP 5.0、PSORT及BepiPred等在线软件进行生物信息学分析;将ORF87基因克隆至pET-32a表达载体上,转化大肠杆菌BL21 （DE3）感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE检测及Western blotting鉴定;以纯化的融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,制备ORF87多克隆抗体。【结果】克隆获得的AngHV-FJ株ORF87基因为2127 bp,与GenBank已发布的参考序列高度同源（相似性为99.72%）,仅存在4个碱基突变;其编码蛋白分子量为80.1 kD,理论等电点（pI）为7.62,不稳定系数为42.38,总平均亲水性为-0.271。ORF87蛋白具有蛋白激酶C超家族（PKC-like Superfamily）的保守结构域,但不具信号肽和跨膜结构域;其亚细胞定位可能位于细胞核和细胞质膜,存在19个潜在B细胞抗原表位,即具有良好的免疫原性。AngHV-FJ株ORF87基因可在大肠杆菌中高效表达,表达获得的融合蛋白约100.0 kD,主要以包涵体形式存在;以融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备获得的ORF87多克隆抗体效价达1:16000,能特异性识别AngHV的ORF87蛋白。【结论】 AngHV-FJ株源ORF87基因经原核表达载体诱导表达获得的融合蛋白ORF87具有Serine/threonine蛋白激酶活性,以其免疫新西兰大白兔制备获得的ORF87多克隆抗体具有高效价,能特异性识别AngHV感染,可作为亚细胞定位及表达时相分析等蛋白特性研究的工具,用于解析ORF87基因在AngHV侵染过程中的作用。     

Radiogenic Strontium-87 as an Index of Geologic Processes

The abundance of radiogenic Sr(87) relative to Sr(86) at the time of crystallization has been determined for 45 rocks. The total range in the ratio Sr(87)/Sr(86) is less than 2 percent. Ratios for recent lavas range from 0.702 to 0.711. Oceanic basalts are closely grouped at 0.703, whereas ratios for continental volcanic rocks spread from 0.702 to 0.711. Among the volcanic rocks, ranging from basalt to rhyolite, no correlation was found between original ratio and rock type. Older mafic and felsic rocks that include both plutonic and extrusive types also cover this same range in original Sr(87)/Sr(86) ratios; however, there is a definite trend with geologic time. Precambrian rocks give values as low as 0.700. The data indicate that Sr(87)/Sr(86) of the weathering crust has changed 1.1 percent in 3000 million years, while the ratio in the mantle has changed no more than 0.5 percent.     

Time scales for lithium depletion and rotational braking in solar-type main-sequence stars

The new age determination of 9 x 10(8) years for the Hyades yields an e-folding time for lithium depletion in G dwarfs of 1.1 x 10(9) years and an e-folding time for rotational braking of around 2.2 x 10(9) years. A proposal is made that the change in solar rotation over the past 250 million years be determined by analyzing petrified trees.     

Fast variability of tera-electron volt gamma rays from the radio galaxy M87

The detection of fast variations of the tera-electron volt (TeV) (10(12) eV) gamma-ray flux, on time scales of days, from the nearby radio galaxy M87 is reported. These variations are about 10 times as fast as those observed in any other wave band and imply a very compact emission region with a dimension similar to the Schwarzschild radius of the central black hole. We thus can exclude several other sites and processes of the gamma-ray production. The observations confirm that TeV gamma rays are emitted by extragalactic sources other than blazars, where jets are not relativistically beamed toward the observer.     

Origin of the sudbury complex by meteoritic impact: neodymium isotopic evidence

Samarium-neodymium isotopic data on whole rocks and minerals of the Sudbury Complex in Canada gave an igneous crystallization age of 1840 +/- 21 x 10(6) years. The initial epsilon neodymium values for 15 whole rocks are similar to those for average upper continental crust, falling on the crustal trend of neodymium isotopic evolution as defined by shales. The rare earth element concentration patterns of Sudbury rocks are also similar to upper crustal averages. These data suggest that the Sudbury Complex formed from melts generated in the upper crust and are consistent with a meteoritic impact.     

Seawater strontium isotopic variations from 2.5 million years ago to the present

Measurements of marine carbonate samples indicate that during the past 2.5 million years the (87)Sr/(86)Sr ratio of seawater has increased by 14 x 10(-5). The high average rate of increase of (87)Sr/(86)Sr indicates that continental weathering rates were exceptionally high. Nonuniformity in the rate of increase suggests that weathering rates fluctuated by as much as +/-30 percent of present-day values. Some of the observed shifts in weathering rates are contemporaneous with climatic changes inferred from records of oxygen isotopes and carbonate preservation in deep sea sediments.     

水稻粒宽突变体gw87的基因定位及候选基因分析

[目的]对水稻粒宽突变体gw87(grain width 87)进行表型鉴定、遗传分析、基因定位及候选基因分析,为探明该基因调控水稻籽粒大小的分子机制及应用潜力奠定基础.[方法]利用甲基磺酸乙酯诱变籼稻恢复系材料676R,获得一份籽粒宽度和千粒重显著增加的突变体gw87.对该突变体进行表型观察、农艺性状调查及外源油菜素...     

Isotopic abundances of actinide elements in lunar material

The abunldanzces of uranium and thorium were measured mass spectrometrically as 0.59 +/- 0.02 and 2.24 +/- 0.06 parts per million, respectively, in the fines of Apollo 11 builk sample. The ratio (235)U/(238)U was 0.007258 +/- 0.000016, in agreement with terrestrial uranium. The following upper limits were set: (236)U/(238)U相似文献   

Subattomole amino acid analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence

Subattomole analysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) derivatives of amino acids is accomplished by combining capillary zone electrophoresis for high-efficiency separation with laser-induced fluorescence for high-sensitivity detection. Concentration detection limits range from 5 x 10(-12) molar for alanine to 9 x 10(-11) molar for lysine, injected in the column; 9 x 10(-21) mole of alanine is contained within the approximately 1-nanoliter injection volume at the detection limit. The alanine detection limit corresponds to fewer than 6000 molecules injected onto the column and represents an improvement of four orders of magnitude in the state of the art for fluorescent detection of amino acids and an improvement of six orders of magnitude in the state of the art for the detection limit for isothiocyanate derivatives of amino acids.     

Age determinations and isotopic abundance measurements on lunar samples

A K-Ar age of 2300 x 10(6) years has been determined for a sample of type A crystalline rock (57,34). The presence of an anomalously large quantity of 4 degrees Ar, in a sample of type C breccia (65,35) precluded the calculation of its K-Ar age. Both of the rock types are characterized by low Rb/Sr ratios and consequently low (87)Sr/(86)Sr values. The U-Th-Pb results for a sample of type D fines (84,33) yield a (207)Pb/(206)Pb age of 4760 x 10(6) years, but ages based on U-Pb and Th-Pb ratios are anomalously high. Isotopic compositions of Li, K, Rb, Sr, U, and Th are very close to the accepted values for terrestrial materials.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌AS87-01740基因生物信息学分析及其原核表达

[目的]了解鸭疫里默氏杆菌AS87-01740基因分子生物学特性,确定其编码蛋白抗原性,为鸭疫里默氏杆菌亚单位疫苗研发提供新的靶标抗原选择.[方法]采用PCR克隆鸭疫里默氏杆菌AS87-01740基因,以DNASTAR和NCBI数据库分别进行基因生物信息学分析;利用pCold-TF原核表达载体在大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞中进行诱导表达,并分别以SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测融合蛋白的表达形式及其抗原特异性.[结果]从鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因组扩增获得的AS87-01740基因编码框全长618 bp,编码205个氨基酸,理论分子量约21.87 kD,理论等电点(pI)8.2,正电荷氨基酸总数17个,负电荷氨基酸总数16个.AS87-01740蛋白序列在同种属分离株中,与2型血清型分离株(11845、YM、GD和CH-2)有很高的相似性(>99%),与1型血清型分离株(CH-1和CH-3)的相似性为92%;在不同种属中,与金黄杆菌(Chryseobacterium sp.)、动物溃疡伯格菌(Bergeyella zoohelcum)和脑膜炎败血伊丽莎白菌(Elizabeth-kingia meningosepticum)的相似性分别为61%、60%和57%.经异丙基硫代-β-D半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达获得的融合蛋白分子量约77 kD,以可溶性表达形式为主.Western blotting检测结果表明,融合蛋白能与鸭疫里默氏杆菌阳性血清发生特异性免疫反应.[结论]AS87-01740基因编码蛋白在不同鸭疫里默氏杆菌分离株中具有很高的保守性,且能与其阳性血清发生特异性免疫反应,是研发鸭疫里默氏杆菌疫苗的潜在抗原.     

干旱胁迫对云烟87产量及其化学成分的影响

江西植烟季节,前期降雨量多,后期阶段性干旱时发,干旱不仅影响烤烟产量,而且严重影响烤烟品质。为解决不同干旱程度对云烟87产量和化学成分的影响,2009—2010年设置了烤烟团棵期、旺长期和现蕾期3个生育期的干旱长度:干旱7,10,13,16 d、长期干旱、CK(对照)6个处理,采用盆栽防雨棚控水试验。结果表明:干旱7,10,13,16 d,3个生育期平均单株产量分别下降9.2%、14.4%、19.3%和27%。干旱7 d,团棵期还原糖和全磷分别下降2.39%和5.56%,烟碱含量增加6.11%,旺长期全钾含量下降1.54%,总氮含量增加4.45%;干旱16 d,现蕾期还原糖和全钾含量分别下降31.57%和31.32%,总氮含量升高了47.56%,烟碱含量增加了46.35%,旺长期全磷含量下降29.86%。随着干旱时间的增长,对产量影响最大的是团棵期,影响最小的是现蕾期。而对化学成分的影响团棵期小,现蕾期大。云烟87能耐半个月之内的干旱,超过半个月,产量减少近1/3,总氮和烟碱含量增加1倍。