阿拉伊盆地的构造演化特征及油气成藏条件

阿拉伊盆地是在强烈褶皱的古生代基底上发育起来的中新生代沉积盆地,隶属于特提斯构造带北缘盆地群,是经过不同时期、多次构造运动改造而形成的复合-叠加型盆地。系统分析了阿拉伊盆地的构造演化特征及油气成藏条件。侏罗纪-古近纪的断陷-坳陷发育阶段,是盆地广泛遭遇特提斯洋海侵的时期,期间形成的陆相-海相沉积层序构成了该区重要的烃源岩、储集层和盖层。古近纪末期的构造运动在盆地形成大量逆冲断层和背斜、断鼻构造,这些背斜、断鼻构造成为盆地内主要圈闭类型。新近系地层胶结致密,可作为区域性盖层,利于油气保存。     

Arctic Ocean Gravity Field Derived From ERS-1 Satellite Altimetry

The derivation of a marine gravity field from satellite altimetry over permanently ice-covered regions of the Arctic Ocean provides much new geophysical information about the structure and development of the Arctic sea floor. The Arctic Ocean, because of its remote location and perpetual ice cover, remains from a tectonic point of view the most poorly understood ocean basin on Earth. A gravity field has been derived with data from the ERS-1 radar altimeter, including permanently ice-covered regions. The gravity field described here clearly delineates sections of the Arctic Basin margin along with the tips of the Lomonosov and Arctic mid-ocean ridges. Several important tectonic features of the Amerasia Basin are clearly expressed in this gravity field. These include the Mendeleev Ridge; the Northwind Ridge; details of the Chukchi Borderland; and a north-south trending, linear feature in the middle of the Canada Basin that apparently represents an extinct spreading center that "died" in the Mesozoic. Some tectonic models of the Canada Basin have proposed such a failed spreading center, but its actual existence and location were heretofore unknown.     

Holocene mean uplift rates across an active plate-collision boundary in taiwan

Samples of Holocene fossil coral from uplifted reefs of three tectonically distinct, yet geographically proximal regions of Taiwan have been dated by uranium-series and (14)C isotopes. Applying corrections for altitude change caused by sea level fluctuations enables evaluation of long-term average Holocene uplift rates for three areas across an active convergent margin: (i) the Hengchun Peninsula of the Eurasian tectonic plate; (ii) the Eastern Coastal Range of Taiwan, a plate boundary; and (iii) two offshore islands, Lanyu and Lutao, both situated on the leading edge of the adjoining Philippine Plate. The data indicate that while all three areas have experienced uplift through the Holocene, plate collision has caused significantly higher uplift rates in the region directly along the plate boundary.     

The Archean Dongwanzi ophiolite complex, North China craton: 2.505-billion-year-old oceanic crust and mantle

We report a thick, laterally extensive 2505 +/- 2.2-million-year-old (uranium-lead ratio in zircon) Archean ophiolite complex in the North China craton. Basal harzburgite tectonite is overlain by cumulate ultramafic rocks, a mafic-ultramafic transition zone of interlayered gabbro and ultramafic cumulates, compositionally layered olivine-gabbro and pyroxenite, and isotropic gabbro. A sheeted dike complex is rooted in the gabbro and overlain by a mixed dike-pillow lava section, chert, and banded iron formation. The documentation of a complete Archean ophiolite implies that mechanisms of oceanic crustal accretion similar to those of today were in operation by 2.5 billion years ago at divergent plate margins and that the temperature of the early mantle was not extremely elevated, as compared to the present-day temperature. Plate tectonic processes similar to those of the present must also have emplaced the ophiolite in a convergent margin setting.     

Pliocene and pleistocene hominid-bearing sites from west of lake turkana, kenya

Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil localities near the western shoreline of Lake Turkana, ranging in age between 1 million and 3.5 million years in age, have produced important new hominid specimens including most of a Homo erectus skeleton and a relatively complete early robust australopithecine cranium. The lacustrine, fluviatile, and terrestrial strata are designated the Nachukui Formation, which is subdivided into eight members. The distribution of sedimentary facies within the Nachukui Formation suggests that, as today, the Labur and Murua Rith ranges formed the western margin of the basin and were drained by eastward-flowing rivers that fed into the forerunner of the present lake or a major river system. There is also stratigraphic evidence for tectonic movement during the deposition of these sediments. Twenty-three of the tuffs observed in the succession occur also in the Koobi Fora Formation east of the lake and in the Shungura Formation of the lower Omo Valley and permit precise correlation among these three localities. Fortyseven fossiliferous sites from West Turkana have yielded more than 1000 specimens of 93 mammalian species. The mammalian fossils represent nine sequential assemblages that augment information about faunal and environmental change from elsewhere in the basin.     

鸡腔上囊传入神经元的分布——HRP法研究

用CB—HRP法研究鸡腔上囊的感觉神经分布,结果表明:初级传入神经元位于T_6—LS_(13)脊神经节内,主要在LS_9—LS_(11)和LS_1—LS_2;初级传入神经元的中枢突在LS_8—LS_(12)髓节沿背角外侧缘延伸,止于中央管背测阳背外测区;部分初级传入神经元位于迷走神经结状节内。     

Middle tertiary volcanism during ridge-trench interactions in Western california

Bimodal volcanism in the Santa Maria Province of west-central California occurred when segments of the East Pacific Rise interacted with a subduction zone along the California margin during the Early Miocene (about 17 million years ago). Isotopic compositions of neodymium and strontium as well as trace-element data indicate that these volcanic rocks were derived from a depleted-mantle (mid-ocean ridge basalt) source. After ridge-trench interactions, the depleted-mantle reservoir was juxtaposed beneath the continental margin and was erupted to form basalts. It also assimilated and partially melted local Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary and metasedimentary basement rocks to form rhyolites and dacites.     

枯叶峡蝶越冬成虫水溶性蛋白毛细管电泳初步研究

为深入了解枯叶蛱蝶(Kallima inachus)的滞育机理,利用毛细管区带电泳对越冬期间成虫蛋白质特征进行了研究.结果表明,滞育期间进行着一定程度的蛋白质代谢,蛋白质种类、数量和含量发生了变化,但除11月下旬变化较大外,其余时期相对稳定.11月下旬蛋白质种类和数量明显增加,含量也有所变化,此期间可能产生了与抗寒性有关的抗冻蛋白.越冬期间蛋白质特征与非滞育成虫有明显差异,是不同发育阶段生命特征的直接体现.     

Paleozoic Atmospheric CO2: Importance of Solar Radiation and Plant Evolution

Changes in solar radiation, as it affects the rate of weathering of silicates on the continents, and other changes involving weathering and the degassing of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) have been included in a long-term carbon-cycle model. These additions to the model show that the major controls on CO(2) concentrations during the Paleozoic era were solar and biological, and not tectonic, in origin. The model predictions agree with independent estimates of a large mid-Paleozoic (400 to 320 million years ago) drop in CO(2) concentrations, which led to large-scale glaciation. This agreement indicates that variations in the atmospheric greenhouse effect were important in global climate change during the distant geologic past.     

丘陵区苹果园边界蜘蛛群落结构与动态的初步研究

用陷阱法对莱阳丘陵区苹果园边界定点调查,初步鉴定该地有游猎性蜘蛛8科18种,其中主要成分依次是:狼蛛科、平腹蛛科、逍遥蛛科和蟹蛛科。研究表明,游猎性蜘蛛在4、5月间主要聚集于边界活动,但6月后随边界植被的长高开始进行生态位扩散。苹果园农事操作后,边界可作为部分蜘蛛的庇护场所,其中以狼蛛科为主。对两段不同植被类型的边界进行了蜘蛛群落调查,发现植被多样化程度高的边界游猎性蜘蛛丰富度和多样性均明显高于植被相对单一的边界。加强边界管理有利于蜘蛛的保护。     

A 50,000-year record of climate oscillations from Florida and its temporal correlation with the heinrich events

Oscillations of Pinus (pine) pollen in a 50,000-year sequence from Lake Tulane, Florida, indicate that there were major vegetation shifts during the last glacial cycle. Episodes of abundant Pinus populations indicate a climate that was more wet than intervening phases dominated by Quercus (oak) and Ambrosia-type (ragweed and marsh-elder). The Pinus episodes seem to be temporally correlated with the North Atlantic Heinrich events, which were massive, periodic advances of ice streams from the eastern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Possible links between the Tulane Pinus and Heinrich events include hemispheric cooling, the influences of Mississippi meltwater on sea-surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico, and the effects of North Atlantic thermohaline circulation on currents in the Gulf.     

准噶尔盆地南北缘荒漠种子植物区系特征

目的 研究准噶尔盆地荒漠植物区系特征,分析该地区植物区系的科属组成、地理成分和植物生活型及生态型等特征,为干旱区经济和环境协调发展、荒漠生态环境及生物多样性的保护提供科学依据。方法 以准噶尔盆地为对象,通过野外调查,采集植物标本以及相关资料的整理,分析准噶尔盆地南北缘地区荒漠植物进行了组成特征及区系的地理成分。结果 (1)准噶尔盆地南北缘地区植物种质资源相对丰富,种子植物共679种,隶属于46科238属。(2)按科内含种数多少排序,优势科有菊科、藜科、豆科、十字花科、禾本科等。(3)植物生活型以草本为主,占总种数的87.63%。(4)区系地理成分以温带分布型为主,科、属分别占其总数的58.70%、84.45%。(5)南缘与北缘地区的植物具有较高的相似性,其科、属、种的相似值分别为75%、58.13%、39.58%。结论 准噶尔盆地南北缘地区的植物分布特征具有较高的相似性,也存在一定的差异性。     

不同土地利用方式对土壤动物多样性的影响研究

[目的]探讨不同土地利用方式对土壤动物群落结构和生物多样性的影响。[方法]于2006年冬季(12月)和2007年春季(5月),对四川紫色土丘陵区农田边界、农田、果园和退耕林地的土壤动物群落结构进行调查。[结果]共获得土壤动物8 589只,分别隶属于3门9纲31类。在个体数量上,果园、退耕林地和农田边界显著高于农田;在类群数量上,农田边界显著高于农田和退耕林地,果园也显著高于农田;对Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Pielou均匀性指数(J)、Simpson优势度指数(C)、Margalef丰富度指数(M)和密度-类群指数(DG)5个多样性指标进行分析表明,与H'相比,DG表征的土壤动物多样性更能客观地反映土壤动物分布的真实情况;土壤动物群落主成分分析表明,农田边界、果园和退耕林地的土壤动物群落与农田之间有显著差异。[结论]该研究认为土地利用方式对土壤动物的群落结构有明显影响,农田边界的存在对土壤动物生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

Horizontal plate motion: a key allocyclic factor in the evolution of the great barrier reef

The Great Barrier Reef complex of northeastern Australia thins dramatically and becomes younger from north to south. These variations are a consequence of the Cenozoic northward movement of the Indian-Australian plate. The temperate climatic conditions that applied off northeast Australia during the early Tertiary were progressively replaced by tropical conditions. The present-day south-to-north facies distribution along the eastern Australian continental margin mimics the Cenozoic vertical facies sequence through the northern part of the Great Barrier Reef region.     

Volcanism on Mercury: evidence from the first MESSENGER flyby

The origin of plains on Mercury, whether by volcanic flooding or impact ejecta ponding, has been controversial since the Mariner 10 flybys (1974-75). High-resolution images (down to 150 meters per pixel) obtained during the first MESSENGER flyby show evidence for volcanic vents around the Caloris basin inner margin and demonstrate that plains were emplaced sequentially inside and adjacent to numerous large impact craters, to thicknesses in excess of several kilometers. Radial graben and a floor-fractured crater may indicate intrusive activity. These observations, coupled with additional evidence from color images and impact crater size-frequency distributions, support a volcanic origin for several regions of plains and substantiate the important role of volcanism in the geological history of Mercury.     

Age and origin of carlsbad cavern and related caves from 40Ar/39Ar of alunite

40Ar/39Ar dating of fine-grained alunite that formed during cave genesis provides ages of formation for the Big Room level of Carlsbad Cavern [4.0 to 3.9 million years ago (Ma)], the upper level of Lechuguilla Cave (6.0 to 5.7 Ma), and three other hypogene caves (11.3 to 6.0 Ma) in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico. Alunite ages increase and are strongly correlative with cave elevations, which indicates an 1100-meter decline in the water table, apparently related to tectonic uplift and tilting, from 11.3 Ma to the present. 40Ar/39Ar dating studies of the hypogene caves have the potential to help resolve late Cenozoic climatic, speleologic, and tectonic questions.     

北京妙峰山优质玫瑰生长的农业地质背景

为研究妙峰山优质玫瑰生长的地质背景,通过实地考察、取样测试的方法,从成土地质、地质构造、地貌条件和地球化学元素含量4个方面进行分析,并基于Arcgis软件,获取门头沟区玫瑰种植区划图。结果表明:1)妙峰山优质玫瑰生长的土壤源自安山质火山岩形成的母质;2)妙峰山隆起为向斜山构造地貌,并形成山体局部小气候,构造运动形成的大量断裂加速了岩石风化,这些都对妙峰山土壤的形成和发育及土壤性质产生了重要的影响;3)妙峰山基岩中丰富的Ca、Mg、Fe、B、Zn和Mn元素极大地影响了玫瑰的优良品质;4)从妙峰山农业地质背景角度出发,划分门头沟区玫瑰种植区,在门头沟区与妙峰山相似的安山质火山岩及一定高度海拔的谷地有望成为玫瑰的种植区。在相似的气候条件下,妙峰山优质玫瑰品质主要受农业地质背景的影响。     

Raising tibet

Thermochronologic, sedimentologic, oceanographic, and paleoclimatic studies suggest that rapid uplift and unroofing of southern Tibet began about 20 million years ago and that the present elevation of much of the Tibetan plateau was attained by about 8 million years ago. Hypotheses advanced to explain the tectonic evolution of the India-Asia collision, which began about 40 to 50 million years ago, predict the timing and rates of crustal thickening of the southern margin of Asia. However, these models do not predict the prominently enhanced early Miocene denudation and uplift that are manifested in a variety of geological records. A model involving continental extrusion, development of a crustal-scale thrust ramp of the Main Central Thrust beneath the Gangdese belt, and lithospheric delamination provides a history consistent with these observations.     

The last deglaciation event in the eastern central arctic ocean

Oxygen isotope records of cores from the central Arctic Ocean yield evidence for a major influx of meltwater at the beginning of the last deglaciation 15.7 thousand years ago (16,650 calendar years B.C.). The almost parallel trends of the isotope records from the Arctic Ocean, the Fram Strait, and the east Greenland continental margin suggest contemporaneous variations of the Eurasian Arctic and Greenland (Laurentide) ice sheets or increased export of low-saline waters from the Arctic within the East Greenland Current during the last deglaciation. On the basis of isotope and carbon data, the modern surface- and deep-water characteristics and seasonally open-ice conditions with increased surface-water productivity were established in the central Arctic at the end of Termination lb about 7.2 thousand years ago or 6,000 calendar years B.C.).     

Prehistoric rock avalanches in the olympic mountains, washington

Rock avalanches blocked streams in the Olympic Mountains southwest of Puget Sound during the past few thousand years. Limiting radiocarbon ages indicated that three or four of six avalanches occurred from 1000 to 1300 years ago or shortly thereafter. Most of the dates were from the outer preserved rings of trees drowned behind avalanche dams. These three or four avalanches may be coeval not only with one another but also with abrupt tectonic deformation in western Washington. No rock avalanches in the Olympic Mountains are known to have resulted from storms or earthquakes during the past century. The avalanches strengthen the case that a large prehistoric earthquake occurred in the Puget Sound region.