Importance of diet of dam and colostrum to the biological antioxidant status and parenteral iron tolerance of the pig

Fifteen second-parity sows were used to determine the importance of vitamin E (E) and selenium (Se) supplementation of the sow's diet and colostrum consumption by the neonatal pig on tolerance to parenteral iron. Selenium (.1 ppm) and E (50 IU/kg) supplementation of the diet of the sow increased plasma tocopherol and Se concentrations, but did not increase plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Colostrum had greater concentrations of E (primarily alpha-tocopherol) and Se than milk. Plasma biological antioxidant status (tocopherol level and GSH-Px activity) of pigs at birth was very low, but by 2 d of age had increased, especially in alpha-tocopherol (nearly a 20-fold increase). Liveability and body weight gain of pigs were not affected by the pre-colostrum iron injection (200 mg Fe as gleptoferron); however, plasma tocopherol concentrations of Fe-injected pigs were lower and plasma Se concentration and GSH-Px activities were higher at 2 d of age than values of pigs not receiving parenteral Fe. Supplementation of the dam's diet with E and Se maintained high tocopherol and Se levels in her colostrum and milk and a high biological antioxidant status in her pigs throughout the nursing period.     

The effect of parenteral immunisation on antibody production in the pig colon

Local and systemic antibody production was studied in pigs to compare responses to live and killed bacterial antigen and purified protein antigen, with and without prior mucosal stimulation. Recovery from challenge with live bacteria and intramuscular injection with killed bacteria gave rise to similar high levels of serum IgG antibody, but the ratio of specific IgA to IgG in the colon was significantly higher after infection than following vaccination with killed bacteria. Vaccination with a protein antigen gave rise to serum and local antibody production. Prior feeding of the antigen had a tolerising effect on the serum antibody response, but production of IgG and IgA antibody by the colon was not suppressed.     

Effect of parenteral iron doses on the measurement of red blood parameters and on weight development in lambs of different breeds

Conventionally reared male and female lambs of Merinoland- (n = 87) and Rh?n sheep (n = 30) were injected at day 3 of age with 300 mg iron dextran. Body weight of the animals was determined and blood samples were taken at day 3, 10, 21 and 42 of age. Glutathione (GSH) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in blood, haematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) as well as haemoglobin-type (Hb-type) and the occurrence of foetal and anaemic Hb-bands after electrophoretic separation were determined. Data were analysed by least squares procedures where the effects of breed, sex, number of lambs born, Hb-type, foetal and anaemic Hb-bands were considered as fixed factors. Independent of all fixed factors, the application of iron dextran increased daily gain from day 3 to 10 of age in all lambs treated. Mainly twins and male lambs showed higher daily gains in this period when compared with the control groups. In untreated lambs lower values for blood parameters were observed within the first week of life, but no negative influence was found in daily gain until day 42. Between Merinoland- and Rh?n sheep, significant differences in GSH concentration of blood where found which were not influenced by the application of iron. Lambs with a detectable foetal band at day 42 of age showed significant lower daily gains, MCHC, and Hb-concentrations when compared with lambs lacking this band. Interactions between occurrence of anaemic band and erythrocyte measurements could not be shown.     

Effect of dietary lactoferrin on the immune functions and serum iron level of weanling piglets

A total of 90 weanling female pigs (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire) were used in a 30-d growth experiment to investigate the effect of lactoferrin (LF) on growth performance, immune function, and serum iron concentrations. The pigs were allocated on the basis of BW and litter to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were: control group (basal diet), antibiotics group (basal diet + 20 mg/kg of flavomycin + 110 mg/kg of aureomycin), and LF group (basal diet + 1.0 g/kg of LF). There were 3 replicate pens per treatment, and pigs were grouped with 10 pigs per pen. Six pigs, randomly selected from each treatment (2 pigs/pen), were slaughtered for serum and spleen samples on d 15 and 30. Supplementation with LF improved the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral lymphocyte proliferation by 36% (P < 0.01), increased concanavalin A (ConA)- and PHA-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation by 332% (P < 0.01) and 258% (P < 0.01), enhanced serum IgG by 20% (P < 0.05), IgA by 13% (P < 0.05), IgM by 15% (P < 0.05), complement 4 (C4) by 29% (P < 0.05), IL-2 by 12% (P < 0.01), and serum iron values by 22% (P < 0.05) on d 15 compared with the control. Lactoferrin supplementation increased PHA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.01), serum IgG by 16% (P < 0.05), IgA by 17% (P < 0.05), C4 by 11% (P < 0.05), IL-2 by 14% (P < 0.05), and serum iron values by 23% (P < 0.01), and decreased the diarrhea ratio (P < 0.05) relative to the control on d 30. Compared with the controls, supplementation with antibiotic increased ConA- and PHA-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05) on d 15, decreased the diarrhea ratio (P < 0.05), and increased the PHA-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05) and serum iron values (P < 0.01) on d 30. These results support the possible use LF as an immunostimulant to improve immune functions and strengthen host defenses and would seem to be a good method for defending weanling piglets from infections and weanling stress.     

黄芪多糖对早期断奶仔猪血清中SOD、MDA及NO的影响

研究选用了24头20日龄三元杂交仔猪,分为对照组和3个试验组(试验组仔猪在20日龄、35日龄时分别肌肉注射2、4、6ml黄芪多糖,连续注射3d),并分别于20日龄、35日龄、50日龄采血分离血清,检测断奶仔猪血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)的含量。结果表明:应用一定剂量的黄芪多糖能显著提高断奶仔猪血清中SOD含量(P0.05);显著降低断奶仔猪血清中MDA含量(P0.05),对恢复早期断奶仔猪血清中NO含量有明显的促进作用。表明一定剂量的黄芪多糖对提高断奶仔猪的免疫功能和抗氧化性能具有一定的促进作用。     

Comparison of oral versus parenteral iron supplementation on the health and productivity of piglets

The aim of this study was to compare oral iron supplementation in feed with a standard iron injection and assess the impact on the health and productivity of pigs. The reliability of a quick test (HemoCue) for the measurement of blood haemoglobin concentration was also investigated. Three pig herds, with a total of 88 sows and their piglets, were included in the study. Piglets in treatment group O were fed a special iron-rich feed on days 2 to 4, 5 to 7 and 8 to 12 of lactation using a specially designed feeding device. Piglets in group IM received 200 mg of an iron dextran complex intramuscularly at three days of age. Haemoglobin concentrations and performance of the piglets were compared between groups. The mean haemoglobin concentrations in pigs at weaning were 131.4 and 116.4 g/l for pigs in groups O and IM, respectively (P<0.01). Daily weight gain (253.9 v 248.8 g/day) and piglet mortality (11.4 v 12.2 per cent) were slightly better in group O than in group IM (P>0.05).     

Development of a leukocytopenic baby guinea pig model with azathioprine and cyclophosphamide

Immunosuppressive agents were given to baby guinea pigs to develop a leukocytopenic baby guinea pig model. Azathioprine in different doses, and cyclophosamide and methylprednisolone combinations did not result in predictable leukocytopenia without significant mortality. A combination of azathioprine 20mg and cyclophosphamide 20mg administered once daily for 5 days to 42 baby guinea pigs resulted in a mean white blood cell count of 2531/mm³ ±1198 (a reduction of 3931 ± 1413 from pretreatment values). The mean counts for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes on day 6 were 398/mm³ and 2035/mm³, respectively. Only 7% mortality was seen in these animals. This model can be utilized to study a variety of bacterial and viral infections in “immunocompromised hosts”.     

Effect of injected and dietary iron in young pigs on blood hematology and postnatal pig growth performance

The relationship of injected Fe doses on blood hematology and pig growth performance during both preweaning and postweaning periods was studied. In Exp. 1, the effect of BW of 347 pigs injected with 200 mg of Fe (dextran) intramuscularly (i.m.) at birth on hemoglobin (Hb) and percent hematocrit (Hct) at weaning was assessed. As BW increased there was a decline (P < 0.01) in Hb and Hct. In Exp. 2, Fe injection doses and timing of injected Fe on blood hematology and pig growth were evaluated. Injections were as follows: 1) 200 mg of Fe at birth; 2) 300 mg of Fe at birth; or 3) 200 mg of Fe at birth + 100 mg of Fe at d 10. A total of 269 pigs were allotted within litter to 3 treatments. The 2 greater quantities of injected Fe (i.e., 300 or 200 + 100 mg of Fe) had similar but greater (P < 0.05) Hb and Hct values than pigs receiving 200 mg of Fe, but growth rates were similar at weaning. The effects of injecting 200 mg of Fe at birth and either saline or 100 mg of Fe at 10 d of age were investigated in Exp. 3. Weaned pigs of each group were fed diets with 0, 80, or 160 mg/kg of added Fe for 35 d as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 12 replicates (n = 360 pigs) in a randomized complete block design (RCB). The innate Fe contents of diets averaged 200 mg/kg. The greater Fe injection group (200 + 100 mg) had greater (P < 0.01) Hb and Hct values through 14 d postweaning (P < 0.05) and greater (P < 0.01) Hct values through 21 d postweaning. As dietary Fe increased, Hb was greater only at d 14 (P < 0.05 4), whereas Hct increased linearly to d 35 (P < 0.01) postweaning. Dietary Fe resulted in linear increases (P < 0.01) in ADG from d 21 to 35 and d 0 to 35. In Exp. 4, 3 dietary Fe (80, 160, and 240 mg/kg of diet), 2 injected Fe treatments (200 or 300 mg of Fe) at birth, and birth BW (<1.5 or ≥1.5 kg) were evaluated as a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a RCB design with 6 replicates (n = 280 pigs). The 300 mg of Fe injection group had lighter BW in both birth BW groups, with a birth BW × injected Fe interaction (P < 0.01). This resulted in the lighter birth BW pigs receiving 200 mg of Fe having greater BW gains to 240 mg/kg of dietary Fe, whereas light birth BW pigs injected with 300 mg of Fe plateaued at 160 mg/kg of Fe. Pigs in the heavy birth BW group injected with 200 or 300 mg of Fe at birth responded similarly to dietary Fe postweaning. These results indicate that blood Hb and Hct were affected by pig BW at weaning, but the additional 100 mg of Fe i.m. at 10 d of age increased blood hematology and that Fe injected preweaning affected initial postweaning performance.     

Dot-PPA-ELISA检测猪血清伪狂犬病抗体的研究

本研究建立了Dot-PPA-ELISA检测猪伪狂犬病抗体的方法.制备的诊断膜片PRV点样抗原含量为0.5μg,可以检测的最低猪IgG含量为1.398×10-8g,灵敏性高.不与猪瘟、猪细小病毒病、猪衣原体病、布氏杆菌病、日本乙型脑炎、口蹄疫阳性血清发生交叉反应,特异性好.研究初步确定检测猪伪狂犬病抗体的阳性标准为血清效价1:64以上.试验结果表明:该法具有操作方便、快速,结果客观,易于判读等优点,可应用于猪场伪狂犬病的诊断和抗体检测.     

Effect of levamisole on parenteral vaccines for swine dysentery

Leucocyte migration-inhibition and humoral antibody responses (HAR) were demonstrated in swine immunized with particulate or soluble antigen of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Levamisole (at the recommended deworming level), given simultaneously with particulate vaccine did not significantly (P greater than 0.05) enhance nor suppress the leucocyte migration-inhibition response. However, an enhancing leucocyte migration-inhibition of the drug was seen in pigs given soluble vaccine in combination with levamisole compared with those receiving soluble antigen alone. Levamisole generally suppressed the HAR throughout the immunization schedule of pigs given soluble or particulate vaccine. There was no significant suppression (P greater than 0.05) of clinical signs of swine dysentery (SD) in animals given particulate vaccine nor in those receiving this vaccine plus levamisole. However, pigs receiving soluble vaccine plus levamisole had fewer clinical signs of SD as well as significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer shedding episodes of T. hyodysenteriae than those given soluble antigen alone. When compared with the control pigs, swine vaccinated with soluble antigen had fewer days of total diarrhoea and shedding episodes of T. hyodysenteriae. However, the diarrhoea of vaccinated pigs was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) delayed when compared to the unvaccinated swine.     

不同铁源对新西兰肉兔生长性能、血清指标及组织器官铁沉积的影响

为研究饲粮中添加硫酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁、甘氨酸铁络合物和氨基酸铁络合物对新西兰肉兔生长性能、血清免疫和抗氧化指标及肝脏和肾脏铁沉积的影响,试验选用35日龄断奶、体重相近的新西兰肉兔192只,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复6只兔.对照组铁源及水平为一水硫酸亚铁100 mg/kg,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组铁源及水平分别为富...