骨外固定支架在小动物临床上的应用

骨外固定支架是国外治疗小动物骨折的重要方法之一。目前,国内小动物临床的骨折治疗主要采用内固定、夹板或石膏外固定等方法,而骨外固定支架则少用。其主要原因是人们对骨外固定支架相关知识缺乏足够的认识。因此,本文就骨外固定支架适应症、优点、构成、分类、使用原则,以及应用后的术后护理、并发症处理等作一介绍,以拓宽临床兽医对小动物骨折的治疗思路,提高骨折治疗水平。     

小动物外固定支架的临床应用

外固定支架固定是将骨折两端经皮穿入钢针（钉），在皮外将穿入骨折之针固定在连接杆和固定夹上，形成一个整体结构到达固定骨折的目的，是一种兼有内固定和外固定特点的固定方法。由于外固定支架对组织损伤小，故将其归属于微创接骨术和生物学固定理论范畴。我国小动物临床骨折的治疗仍以内固定为主，与发达国家比较相差甚远，本文就临床病例做分析与总结，为小动物临床应用提供借鉴。     

发育期幼犬长骨骨折内固定的治疗体会

四肢长骨骨折在幼犬中比较常见,以往多采用牵拉整复或小夹板外固定等保守疗法,治疗后由于骨断端固定或对合不良往往容易出现愈合后骨变形。近年来内固定手术优势明显,临床使用日益广泛,笔者根据幼犬骨骼发育特点,从骨折内固定手术治疗的意义及内固定物的选择方面总结了治疗体会,为临床提高发育期幼犬长骨骨折内固定的成功率提供参考。     

一例犬股骨多处骨折的内固定治疗

犬发生骨折后,根据发生的部位及严重程度不同,可采用内固定和外固定两种方法进行治疗,如骨折部位靠近关节或骨折部肌肉肥厚,外固定效果较差,多用内固定。本病例为一可卡犬,在股骨远端、滑车及股骨颈3个部位均出现骨折,经X线检查确诊后,使用髓内针和骨螺钉进行内固定,效果较好。     

一例猫左侧股骨远端骨折的手术治疗

对小动物来说,股骨骨折是最常见的骨折。在宠物临床上,股骨骨折发病率很高,约占全部骨折的30%。宠物股骨骨折时,因股部上宽下窄,用外固定术对骨折复位,不能使骨断端长期保持稳定,难以达到理想的治疗效果,治疗时必须采取内固定的方式。股骨骨折一般分为3类:股骨上部骨折、骨干骨骨折和股骨远端骨折。本文介绍一例猫左侧股骨远端骨折病例的手术治疗。     

内固定治疗犬股骨骨折11例疗效分析

为探讨内固定治疗犬股骨骨折的治疗方法及疗效,总结骨折愈合缓慢或预后不良的可能原因,对本院采用内固定治疗股骨骨折11例患犬的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果显示:除1例患犬因钢针刺出膝关节,手术处理愈合后跑动时出现跛行外,其余康复的病犬临床表现正常,患部无压痛感,能自行起卧,运步正常,成功率90.9％.结论:内固定治疗犬股骨骨折手术操作简单、安全性高,值得临床推广.     

一例犬胫骨骨折的诊断及髓内针联合外固定支架的治疗

正骨折是骨组织的整体性、连续性由于外力和病理性因素破坏[1],使软组织受到不同程度的伤害[2],如神经血管、肌肉断裂挫伤、皮肤破裂等,但一般以血肿为主[3]。骨折的固定有两种方法,第一种是外固定,第二种是内固定。内固定治疗骨折所需要的手术器材有髓内针、骨螺钉、金属丝和接骨板等,外固定需要硬化绷带、夹板绷带、改良托马斯绷带等,在正常情况下都应使用内固定对骨折进行开放复位治疗。笔者采用联合固定的方法治疗骨折,以使患犬达到快速恢复的目的,为临床     

应用外固定支架治疗犬骨不连2例

骨不连是宠物临床上骨折手术治疗后一种常见后遗症,可造成犬疼痛、跛行等,采用传统的内固定方法进行二次治疗有许多困难。本文采用骨外固定支架方法治疗2例犬骨不连病例,一例为接骨固定失败,一例为髓内针固定失败,经过3个月的治疗,取得了满意的治疗效果。     

犬股骨骨折接骨板内固定术

骨折是骨或骨软骨的完整性或连续性因外力作用或病理因素而遭受破坏的状态。骨折的同时伴有周围软组织不同程度的损伤，犬的骨折常发生于四肢的长骨，而后肢更为多见，股骨骨折发病率最高,约占全部骨折的26%。犬股骨骨折时,因股部上宽下窄，用外固定术对骨折复位不能使骨断端长期保持稳定，很难达到理想的治疗效果,治疗时必须采取内固定的方式。     

骨折疼痛蜜膏方

骨折是指骨结构的连续性完全或部分断裂。多见于儿童及老年人,中青年人也时有发生,根据临床表现及影像学检查即可确诊。本病属中医“伤骨”范畴,多为暴力外袭,筋伤骨脶,气滞血瘀所为,当以活血化瘀,消肿止痛,补肾壮骨为治。骨折治疗的最终目的是使受伤肢体最大限度的恢复功能。因此,在骨折常规复位、固定、功能锻炼基础上,可配合选用下列蜜膏方。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。