"毒邪致痫"之我见

脑为清窍,不容毒侵,侵之染之,有损元神,元神失控,发为癫痫。毒邪致痫,有内外毒之分：“外毒”包括物理与化学因素毒物、寄生虫毒、药物聚毒、湿热疫毒;“内毒”包括痰瘀内阻、血败脑腐、气机不利酿为毒,风火逆乱、灼伤脉络、升降失宜酿为毒;此外,禀赋不足、脾运不健、湿浊内聚酿为毒,胎产不当、胞元受损、形败难救酿为毒。临床治之多以解毒治痫之法以应对。     

敌敌畏毒土防治鼠妇的室内毒力试验

[目的]测定敌敌畏毒土防治鼠妇的毒力效果。[方法]将80%的敌敌畏乳油按100、200、400、800和1 000倍五个配比配成毒土,测定其室内对普通球鼠妇的杀虫效果,利用SPSS统计分析出其LC50值。[结果]室内实验表明,随敌敌畏毒土配比的增高,即随敌敌畏乳油含量的下降,普通球鼠妇的平均死亡率明显降低,毒土配比为100倍,试虫平均死亡率为98.9%;毒土配比为200倍、400倍、800和1 000倍时,试虫平均死亡率为81.1%、73.3%、40.0%、33.3%。[结论]通过不同毒土配比的差异比较,表明400×毒土比较适合生产应用,80%敌敌畏乳油毒土配比的LC50为642.10倍。关键词毒力效果;敌敌畏毒土;鼠妇;防治     

核型多角体病毒对斜纹夜蛾酚氧化酶活性及血淋巴黑化的影响

以斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SlNPV)为免疫刺激因子,观察SlNPV对斜纹夜蛾幼虫酚氧化酶活性及其血淋巴黑化的影响。结果表明:斜纹夜蛾幼虫感毒后,其血淋巴黑化率在感毒1d后开始逐渐下降,随着感毒时间推移和幼虫日龄增大,病毒抑制其黑化作用增强;在感毒后连续5d观察时间内,感毒幼虫血淋巴黑化率始终低于健康幼虫,且在感毒4~5d后达到显著水平;感毒幼虫体内及其血淋巴酚氧化酶活性在感毒后前3d都是逐渐上升而后逐渐下降;感毒幼虫体内酚氧化酶活性在感毒后前3d高于健康幼虫,在感毒4d后开始低于健康幼虫,且在感毒2、3、5d后均达到显著水平;与健康幼虫相比,感毒幼虫血淋巴酚氧化酶活性在感毒2d后开始明显增强,但感毒5d后急剧下降。     

当归不同发育期自毒作用研究

以甘肃省漳县当归为材料,模拟雨水淋溶途径,研究了当归不同发育期的化感作用。结果表明,当归具有自毒作用,且不同发育期自毒效应不同,其强弱程度为:营养期>幼苗期>繁殖期>成熟期;地上部自毒效应强于根部;各发育期自毒效应具有一定的浓度依赖性。因此认为,自毒作用是造成当归连作障碍的因素之一,雨水淋溶是自毒物质释放的一条重要途径。     

利用gE-ELISA技术对广东部分猪场猪伪狂犬病野毒感染的检测

利用gE-ELISA技术对广东部分猪场共1627份血清进行猪伪狂犬病野毒感染进行检测。研究结果表明,不同猪场PR野毒感染存在差异;种猪PR野毒感染率较仔猪高;新、旧猪场伪狂犬病野毒感染差异不显著。并对猪场伪狂犬病野毒感染免疫防治提出了建议和对策。     

五省试点高毒农药定点经营

<正>为加强高毒农药监管,今年农业部在河北、浙江、江西、山东、陕西五省开展高毒农药定点经营试点。各地按照"统筹规划、合理布局、自愿申报、严格标准、程序公开、公正遴选"的原则,确定一批示范县和定点门店,实行高毒农药专柜销售、实名购买、电子档案、科学指导,建立高毒农药可追溯体系,逐步实现从生产、流通到使用的全程监管,探索建立高毒农药监管的长效机制。     

我国拟立法禁止瓜果蔬菜使用剧毒农药

<正>本报讯食品安全法修订草案于今日提交十二届全国人大常委会第十四次会议进行三审。草案新增加规定,剧毒、高毒农药不得用于蔬菜、瓜果、茶叶和中草药材。剧毒、高毒农药对人畜和环境有较大危害性,我国对高毒农药采取了严格管控措施,目前高毒农药使用量占农药使用总量的比重不到3%。但仍有12种高毒农药在大田中使用。由于全面淘汰剧毒、高毒农     

茶藨生柱锈重寄生木霉产毒条件的优化

运用产毒培养基筛选、锈孢子诱导和正交试验对茶藨生柱锈重寄生木霉SS003菌株(rrichoderma atroviride)的产毒营养条件进行优化.结果表明,SS003在5种产毒培养基中均能产毒和生长,但Richard培养基更适合产毒培养,PD培养基则更适合菌丝生长;茶藨生柱锈的锈孢子对产毒具有一定抑制作用;SS003...     

鸭瘟病毒的分离与初步鉴定

采集疑似鸭瘟病毒自然感染的病死番鸭的肝脾等组织,应用番鸭胚成纤维细胞(MDEF)进行病毒分离,通过对分离毒的血凝特性(HA)测定、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)荧光定量PCR、PCR产物测序和动物回归试验等初步鉴定。结果显示:通过MDEF从疑似病料中分离到4株病毒(DPVfj1、DPVfj2、DPVfj3、DPVfj4),均不能凝集鸽红细胞;IFA结果排除了分离毒为鹅细小病毒、番鸭细小病毒、鸭呼肠孤病毒、鸭副粘病毒和禽坦布苏病毒;鸭瘟病毒荧光PCR试剂盒检测分离毒核酸均为鸭瘟阳性;鸭瘟病毒(JQ673560)gJ蛋白基因序列特异引物进行PCR扩增均为阳性,且PCR产物序列与鸭瘟病毒参考株gJ蛋白基因序列相似度均大于99%;动物回归试验显示,分离毒人工感染30日龄番鸭和同居感染5日龄雏番鸭均可复制出与自然感染一致的临床表现及病理变化,并能回收到病毒。上述结果表明4株分离毒均为鸭瘟病毒强毒株。     

五号病强弱毒在传代细胞上产生蚀斑的研究

对五号病强弱毒在传代细胞上产生蚀斑的研究表明,强毒OK_5株大、中、小斑分别为8,5和2mm,且一般在接种后50h就能充分出斑,弱毒OM_2R_(39)株大、中、小斑分别为3.5,2和1mm,出斑时间在100h以后;用蚀斑测毒,强毒OK_5的蚀斑毒价高于弱毒OM_2R_(39)3.8倍。由此证明五号病强弱病毒有遗传本质的不同。     

Chinese wheat mosaic virus: A long-term threat to wheat in China

In China, a soil-borne virus causing a disease of winter wheat and associated with Polymyxa graminis, has been reported for many years and is now recognized as a new species, Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV). Since the determination of its genomic sequence, more progress has been made in understanding its genomic structure and functions. Molecular and serological methods have been developed to help survey the distribution of the virus and to provide the basic information needed for disease forecasting and control. At present, the best countermeasure is cultivation of resistant wheat varieties. In addition, development and application of some auxiliary countermeasures, such as rotation of non-host crops, delayed seed-sowing, reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer, and treatment of imported seeds with fungicides before sowing, may be helpful for controlling the disease. The viral distribution and damage, virion properties, genome organization and spontaneous mutation, temperature sensitivity, and disease management options are here reviewed and/or discussed to help in developing more cost-effective countermeasures to control the disease in the future.     

湖南地区早发冠心病冠脉病变与病性证素相关性研究

目的 探讨湖南省早发冠心病（premature coronary heart disease,PCHD）患者冠脉病变程度与中医证素之间相关性。方法 对156例早发冠心病患者进行证素分类辨证分析。冠脉病变程度以狭窄程度表示,病变积分以Gensini积分计算,心功能分级采用Killip分级。结果 各证素组所占比例从高到低依次为痰浊 > 阴虚 > 血瘀 > 气虚 > 热蕴,各组间冠脉病变程度与证素无明显相关性,各组间心功能Killip分级无显著差异,各组Gensini积分气虚组病变积分较其他组高。结论 湖南地区早发冠心病以痰浊为主要证素,但含有气虚证素的早发冠心病一般较为严重。     

苹果花叶病研究进展

苹果花叶病是一种世界性的病害,在各苹果产区危害日趋严重,给苹果高产优质带来巨大影响。为了对苹果花叶病更加系统全面的认识,寻找更有效的防治方法与措施。笔者从苹果花叶病对生长结果、叶绿素含量、光合作用和细胞性态结构等方面的影响、花叶病的症状表现、果树病毒的检测方法、苹果花叶病病原种类及检测、花叶病的防治方法等方面进行综述。同时提出今后研究的方向。     

小麦黄矮病病指遗传研究

采用3×4不完全双列杂交,对两个遗传背景不同组合4个世代进行黄矮病GAV株系接种鉴定。结果表明,病情指数遗传主要由基因效应控制,其狭义遗传力达90%,遗传决定度在97%以上;组合"R97473×鲁麦14"的F2呈3∶1分离比率,组合"R97473×临丰116"的F2分离较为复杂;后代BYDV病指的表型变异因亲本的遗传背景不同而具有差异。     

陕西套袋苹果黑点病病原鉴定及发生规律研究初报

套袋苹果黑点病是苹果套袋后产生的一种新病害,严重影响苹果品质,近年来在陕西呈逐年加重趋势。通过对其病原学,病害发生与育果袋、套袋方式、田间通风透光条件及用药的关系进行研究,发现其病原为粉红聚端孢霉(TrichotheciumroseumLK.ex.Fr)和链格孢霉(Alternariaspp);使用不同的育果袋(及不使用育果袋),病害发生明显不同;规范套袋方式、改善田间通风透光条件、合理施药可以减轻病害的发生。     

Development,evaluation and application of a spectral knowledge base to detect yellow rust in winter wheat

In most cases, statistical models for monitoring the disease severity of yellow rust are based on hyperspectral information. The high cost and limited cover of airborne hyperspectral data make it impossible to apply it to large scale monitoring. Furthermore, the established models of disease detection cannot be used for most satellite images either because of the wide range of wavelengths in multispectral images. To resolve this dilemma, this paper presents a novel approach by constructing a spectral knowledge base (SKB) of diseased winter wheat plants, which takes the airborne images as a medium and links the disease severity with band reflectance from environment and disaster reduction small satellite images (HJ-CCD) accordingly. Through a matching process with a SKB, we estimated the disease severity with a disease index (DI) and degrees of disease severity. The proposed approach was validated against both simulated data and field surveyed data. Estimates of DI (%) from simulated data were more accurate, with a coefficient of determination (R ²) of 0.9 and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.2. The overall accuracy of classification reached 0.8, with a kappa coefficient of 0.7. Validation of the estimates against field measurements showed that there were some errors in the DI value with the NRMSE close to 0.5. The result of the classification was more encouraging with an overall accuracy of 0.77 and a kappa coefficient of 0.58. For the matching process, Mahalanobis distance performed better than the spectral angle (SA) in all analyses in this study. The potential of SKB for monitoring the incidence and severity of yellow rust is illustrated in this study.     

Fire blight disease,a fast-approaching threat to apple and pear production in China

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating disease of apples and pears, causing enormous economic losses around the world. The disease is indigenous to North America and has spread to more than 50 countries since its discovery in 1870s. Recent reports of the disease in China's neighboring countries, including South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan, pose great threat to the world's leading producer of apples and pears. This mini-review intends to provide an update on the disease, pathogen biology, epidemiology, and control. It will also provide some perspectives and suggestions for the apple and pear industry and growers in China, which will face the imminent threat of this devastating disease.     

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病发生规律研究

通过调查,研究了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的发生与品种、树龄、苗源、气候、土壤、雌雄株等因子关系,结果表明,秦美猕猴桃感病较重;树龄大发病严重;用疫区苗木所建园发病严重;无霜期短的地区发病严重;栽植密度大发病重;雄株发病重于雌株;管理水平高的园子发病轻.根据发病规律,提出了几点建议.     

不同林分条件下黄柏膏药病的发生及生理响应

【目的】探讨林分因子、黄柏抗性生理指标与黄柏膏药病发生程度之间的相关性。【方法】采用踏查法进行调查,以树皮肿胀度代表含水量,采用考马斯亮蓝G250法测定蛋白质含量,氮蓝四唑光化还原法测定酶活性,硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定丙二醛含量。【结果】树龄大的黄柏,病情指数更高,阴坡比阳坡发病率高,树种组成单一的黄柏林更易发病。黄柏感病后,树皮含水量大大降低,树皮相对肿胀度与发病率、病情指数极显著负相关。3个样地健康黄柏防御酶活性均较高,感病黄柏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性波动较大,过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性呈显著下降趋势,3种酶活性与病情指数为显著或极显著负相关。感病黄柏树皮中的可溶性蛋白和丙二醛含量在病害发生最严重时期显著升高。【结论】树龄、地形、树种组成等因子对黄柏膏药病的发生有显著影响;树皮含水量、防御酶(SOD、POD、PAL)活性、丙二醛含量等抗性生理指标受病害影响显著。     

西藏番茄早疫病发生规律初探

 田间调查的结果表明,番茄早疫病在西藏的林芝地区温室发生严重。发病初期在5月上旬,发病高峰期在7～8月,这与该病发生需要高温、高湿相一致。一般晚熟品种较早熟品种病情轻。