乳牛关节滑膜炎的实验研究

本文报告了用两性霉素B诱发的乳牛关节滑膜炎及其诊断方法。通过对腕关节滑液成分进行分析,结果表明:腕关节滑液中粘液素凝块(Mucinous Precipitate Quality,MPQ)极显著低于正常值(P<0.001),     

肉鸡腹水症对组织钙磷分布及钙磷利用率的影响

本试验研究了肉鸡腹水症(PHS)对组织钙磷分布及饲料钙磷利用率的影响。120只1日龄艾维茵(AA)肉鸡随机分成2组,即对照组和试验组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验组采用低温(LAT)和饲粮添加三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3,1.5mg/kg)诱导产生腹水症。试验期为21d。试验结果表明:1)14日龄时,试验组肉鸡的心脏、肝脏、十二指肠中钙含量与对照组相比,有增加趋势,胫骨、血清钙有下降趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。试验组肉鸡的心脏磷含量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),十二指肠磷含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲料中钙磷利用率,试验组极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。2)21日龄时,试验组肉鸡的心脏、肝脏中的钙含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。十二指肠、胫骨、血清中的钙含量两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。十二指肠、血清磷含量试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余组织磷含量两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中钙磷利用率,试验组极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。3)血清碱性磷酸酶含量14、21日龄试验组和对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

饲粮不同粗蛋白质和钙水平对种公鸡繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同粗蛋白质和钙水平对种公鸡繁殖性能和血液生化指标的影响。选择21周龄新扬州种公鸡135只,按照两因素完全随机区组法随机分成9组,分别饲喂高、中、低(粗蛋白质水平为17%、14%和11%,钙水平为3.3%、2.3%和1.3%)3个水平的9种饲粮,每组3个重复,每个重复5只,繁殖期全程饲养。结果表明:1)低蛋白质低钙组种公鸡的精子密度最大(P>0.05),且有效精子数最多,与低蛋白质中钙组、高蛋白质中钙组和高蛋白质高钙组差异显著(P<0.05);中蛋白质高钙组种公鸡精液量最大,显著高于高蛋白质中钙组和高蛋白质高钙组(P<0.05),但与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);低蛋白质低钙组和中蛋白质3个钙水平组种公鸡精子活力较高,组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著或极显著高于低蛋白质中钙组、低蛋白质高钙组和高蛋白质中钙组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)高蛋白质中钙组种公鸡血清总蛋白含量最高,显著或极显著高于除低蛋白质低钙组和低蛋白质中钙组外的其余各组(P<0.05或P<0.01);低蛋白质低钙组种公鸡血清白蛋白含量最高,与中蛋白质中钙组差异显著(P<0.05);高蛋白质中钙组种公鸡血清中球蛋白含量最高,显著或极显著高于低蛋白质高钙组和高蛋白质其他钙水平组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但与其他组均差异不显著(P>0.05);低蛋白质低钙组、中蛋白质高钙组和高蛋白中钙组种公鸡血清中谷草转氨酶活性较高,显著或极显著高于低蛋白质高钙组、中蛋白质低钙组和中蛋白质中钙组(P<0.05或P<0.01);低蛋白质3种钙水平组、中蛋白质低钙组和中蛋白质中钙组种公鸡血清中尿酸含量较低,与其他组差异显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。低蛋白质高钙组种公鸡血清中尿素氮含量最低,显著低于高蛋白质高钙组(P<0.05),但与其他组均差异不显著(P>0.05)。高蛋白质高钙组甘油三酯含量最低,显著或极显著低于除中蛋白质低钙组外的其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),其他组间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)中蛋白质高钙组和高蛋白质高钙组种公鸡血浆中T3含量较低,显著低于中蛋白质低钙组和中蛋白质中钙组(P<0.05);低蛋白质低钙组、中蛋白质中钙组和高蛋白质中钙组和高蛋白质高钙组T4含量较高,显著或极显著高于其他组(P<0.05或P<0.01);高蛋白质高钙组种公鸡血浆中皮质醇含量最高,极显著高于高蛋白质低钙组(P<0.01),但与低蛋白质3个钙水平组差异不显著(P>0.05)。总的来说,采用低蛋白质低钙水平的饲粮饲喂蛋用种公鸡,可获得比高蛋白质高钙饲粮更好的繁殖力,获得较高的经济效益。     

新美系杜洛克原种猪在育肥期适宜营养水平的研究

为研究不同能量、粗蛋白质、钙和磷水平对育肥期新美系杜洛克原种猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响,确定70～90 kg新美系杜洛克日粮中这4种养分的适宜含量。试验选择胎次、断奶日龄及日龄基本相近的体重为(65±2)kg健康新美系杜洛克原种猪36头,采用4因素3水平的L9(34)正交试验设计。试验结果表明:①日粮能量、粗蛋白质和钙水平对生长性能影响差异均不显著(P0.05),磷水平对日采食量的影响显著(P0.05);②随着能量、蛋白质水平的提高,能量、蛋白质的血清代谢产物呈现出升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05),随着钙、磷水平升高,血清钙、磷的含量升高,不同磷水平对血清磷影响差异极显著(P0.01)。新美系杜洛克在育肥期适宜的能量、蛋白质、钙和磷水平分别为14.2 MJ/kg、18.6%、1.25%和0.73%。     

饲粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响。选取70日龄体重相近的雌性水貂90只,随机分为9组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。采用3×3双因子试验设计,设3个磷水平分别为1.0%、1.4%、1.8%,3个钙磷比分别为1.0、1.5、2.0,配制9种试验饲粮,9种试验饲粮的钙、磷水平实测值如下:1.02%钙、0.96%磷(Ⅰ组),1.49%钙、1.00%磷(Ⅱ组),1.98%钙、1.01%磷(Ⅲ组),1.47%钙、1.35%磷(Ⅳ组),2.11%钙、1.40%磷(Ⅴ组),2.81%钙、1.40%磷(Ⅵ组),1.83%钙、1.73%磷(Ⅶ组),2.70%钙、1.80%磷(Ⅷ组),3.59%钙、1.80%磷(Ⅸ组)。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)饲粮磷水平对育成期水貂的末重、平均日增重有极显著影响(P0.01),对平均日采食量、料重比有显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮钙磷比只对育成期水貂的平均日增重有极显著影响(P0.01),对末重、平均日采食量和料重比的影响不显著(P0.05)。饲粮磷水平与钙磷比对育成期水貂的平均日增重有极显著交互作用(P0.01)。Ⅴ组的末重、平均日增重最大,料重比最小。2)育成期水貂蛋白质消化率差组间差异显著(P0.05),具体表现为Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),同时Ⅴ、Ⅵ组还显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。饲粮磷水平极显著影响育成期水貂的蛋白质消化率(P0.01)。饲粮钙磷比对育成期水貂各营养物质消化率的影响不显著(P0.05),但脂肪消化率有随饲粮钙磷比的升高呈先增加后降低的二次变化趋势。3)氮沉积表现为Ⅵ组显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅷ组(P0.05),净蛋白质利用率表现为Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ组极显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅷ组(P0.01),蛋白质生物学价值以Ⅸ组最高,但与Ⅵ和Ⅶ组差异不显著(P0.05)。粪氮含量有随饲粮磷水平的升高而下降的趋势,净蛋白质利用率、蛋白质生物学价值有随饲粮磷水平的升高而增加的趋势。饲粮钙磷比对净蛋白质利用率、蛋白质生物学价值有极显著影响(P0.01)。4)粪钙、粪磷含量及钙、磷消化率组间存在极显著差异(P0.01),以Ⅸ组粪钙、粪磷含量最高,Ⅵ组钙消化率最高,Ⅶ组磷消化率最高。饲粮磷水平、钙磷比对育成期水貂粪钙、粪磷含量及钙、磷消化率有极显著影响(P0.01)。饲粮磷水平与钙磷比对育成期水貂的粪钙含量、钙消化率有极显著交互作用(P0.01),对粪磷含量有显著交互作用(P0.05)。综合各项指标,饲粮中磷水平在1.4%~1.8%、钙磷比在1.5~2.0时,育成期水貂可以获得较好的生长性能及较高的营养物质消化率。     

某蛋鸡养殖场鸡滑液囊支原体的分离鉴定及跗关节病理组织学观察

用改良Frey培养基对采集的跗关节渗出物进行病原分离,设计滑液囊支原体16S rRNA通用引物和vlhA特异性引物进行基因序列扩增并测序,用MEGA6.0软件中的Neighbor-joining法依据16S rRNA和vlhA序列构建分离株系统发育树进行遗传进化分析;对采集的跗关节组织进行固定和脱钙处理后制作石蜡切片,HE染色镜检。结果发现,分离的病原菌落呈油煎蛋样;依据16S rRNA和vlhA基因序列构建的系统发育树与滑液囊支原体在同一分支;病变的跗关节组织主要出现滑膜上皮增厚,炎性细胞渗出,血管轻度增生,血细胞渗出和滑膜组织脱落等病变。表明引发鸡群发病的病原为滑液囊支原体,为临床和实验室诊断滑液囊支原体引起的疾病提供了参考。     

不同季节牧草钙磷含量对放牧绵羊血清降钙素的影响

研究了不同季节牧草钙、磷含量对放牧绵羊血清降钙素、碱性磷酸酶、血清钙、无机磷、血清钙磷比和血清钙磷乘积的影响,发现这些血清指标随季节变化明显。血清降钙素夏季时的含量为(184.627±117.224)ng/L,极显著的低于秋季时的含量(571.317±254.337)ng/L(P<0.01),但是与冬春季的含量(345.583±311.591)ng/L差异不显著(P>0.05),并且冬春季血清降钙素含量与秋季含量差异也不显著。从相关分析得出,降钙素与牧草钙,磷和钙磷比呈负相关,相关系数为-0.147,-0.234和-0.106,但是相关性不强。该地区在3季内,牧草能够满足放牧绵羊对钙的需要,但是不能满足对磷的需要(除夏季外),因此,引起钙、磷从骨骼中动员,使得血清降钙素、碱性磷酸酶等血液指标发生变化。应为该地区加强补饲,避免由钙磷缺乏引起的生产力下降。     

凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中适宜钙和磷添加水平

本试验旨在研究饲料不同钙、磷添加水平对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾的生长性能、体成分、组织钙和磷水平和血清指标的影响。采用双因素试验设计,在钙添加水平为0、0.50%、1.00%的条件下,分别添加0、0.40%、0.80%、1.20%、1.60%的磷,配制15种不同钙和磷水平的试验饲料。将1 800尾初始重为(0.38±0.01)g的对虾随机分为15组,每组投喂1种试验饲料,每组3重复,每重复40尾虾。养殖8周。结果表明:1)饲料钙添加水平及钙添加水平与磷添加水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR)(P0.01);饲料磷添加水平极显著影响对虾的WGR、SGR、PER、FCR和存活率(SR)(P0.01)。2)饲料钙添加水平极显著影响对虾的肌肉粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(CL)、粗灰分(Ash)的含量(P0.01),显著影响对虾的全虾CL、Ash的含量(P0.05);饲料磷添加水平极显著影响对虾全虾CP、CL含量,肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量(P0.01);饲料钙添加水平与磷添加水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾全虾CL含量,肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量(P0.01)。3)饲料钙添加水平和磷添加水平及二者的交互作用极显著影响对虾的全虾、肌肉、虾壳的钙和磷水平(P0.01)。4)饲料钙添加水平极显著影响对虾的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酚氧化酶(PO)活性,钙离子(Ca2+)含量(P0.01);饲料磷添加水平极显著的影响对虾血清ALP、PO的活性,胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、无机磷(IP)的含量(P0.01),显著影响对虾血清Ca2+的含量(P0.05);饲料钙添加水平与磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的血清ALP活性,Ca2+、IP的含量(P0.01),显著影响对虾血清TG含量(P0.05)。在本试验条件下,以SGR为判断依据,通过二次回归曲线模型分析得出凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中钙和磷的适宜添加水平分别为1.00%和1.26%。     

凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中适宜钙和磷添加水平北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲料不同钙、磷添加水平对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾的生长性能、体成分、组织钙和磷水平和血清指标的影响。采用双因素试验设计,在钙添加水平为0、0.50%、1.00%的条件下,分别添加0、0.40%、0.80%、1.20%、1.60%的磷,配制15种不同钙和磷水平的试验饲料。将1 800尾初始重为(0.38±0.01)g的对虾随机分为15组,每组投喂1种试验饲料,每组3重复,每重复40尾虾。养殖8周。结果表明:1)饲料钙添加水平及钙添加水平与磷添加水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR)(P<0.01);饲料磷添加水平极显著影响对虾的WGR、SGR、PER、FCR和存活率(SR)(P<0.01)。2)饲料钙添加水平极显著影响对虾的肌肉粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(CL)、粗灰分(Ash)的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾的全虾CL、Ash的含量(P<0.05);饲料磷添加水平极显著影响对虾全虾CP、CL含量,肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量(P<0.01);饲料钙添加水平与磷添加水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾全虾CL含量,肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量(P<0.01)。3)饲料钙添加水平和磷添加水平及二者的交互作用极显著影响对虾的全虾、肌肉、虾壳的钙和磷水平(P<0.01)。4)饲料钙添加水平极显著影响对虾的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酚氧化酶(PO)活性,钙离子(Ca2+)含量(P<0.01);饲料磷添加水平极显著的影响对虾血清ALP、PO的活性,胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、无机磷(IP)的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾血清Ca2+的含量(P<0.05);饲料钙添加水平与磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的血清ALP活性,Ca2+、IP的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾血清TG含量(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,以SGR为判断依据,通过二次回归曲线模型分析得出凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中钙和磷的适宜添加水平分别为1.00%和1.26%。     

大豆黄酮对奶牛血清钙、磷及葡萄糖水平的影响

为研究大豆黄酮对奶牛血清钙、磷和葡萄糖水平的影响,40头胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分成4组(n=10),试验组奶牛日粮中分别添加45mg/kg、60mg/kg和75mg/kg的大豆黄酮,在试验前及试验开始后第10d、20d和30d采颈静脉血,测定四组奶牛血清钙、磷和葡萄糖水平。结果表明:与对照组相比较,Dal组中血清钙、磷和葡萄糖变化均不显著;Da2组血清钙在第30d时显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Da3组第10d和20d时血清钙水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),第30d时血清钙水平极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而血糖水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Studies on the synovia in healthy horses with particular reference to the protein composition.

Synovial fluid and blood were collected from 18 clinically healthy brood mares in resting conidition. The following parameters were analysed: total leucocytes, glucose, alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, albumin, total globulin, albumin/globulin ratio and electrophoretic protein picture. The serum/synovia ratios were calculated for all parameters. It was considered to be of greater diagnostic value to compare these serum/synovia ratios rather than to look at the individual concentrations in synovia. The results obtained did not materially differ from those in the existing literature. In addition, this study confirmed that small protein molecules could more easily penetrate the synovial membrane than high-molecular proteins.     

Impact of walking surface on the range of motion of equine distal limb joints for rehabilitation purposes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three footing surfaces on the flexion/extension, and range of motion (ROM) of the carpus, tarsus and fetlocks in the horse. The percentage of stride spent in the stance phase of sound horses at the walk was also measured. Nine sound horses were walked on hard ground (HD), soft ground (SF) and a land treadmill (LT), and five complete gait cycles were recorded by a digital video camera. Retro-reflective markers were placed on the skin at four anatomical locations on the left fore and hind limbs, and data were analyzed using two-dimensional (2D) motion-analysis software. Maximal flexion/extension angles and range of motion were calculated for each joint, and the percentage of the stride spent in stance phase was determined for each stride.Maximal flexion of the tarsus and hind fetlock was greater on LT and SF compared to HD, while maximal flexion of the carpus was greater on LT compared to HD and SF. Maximal extension of the carpus was greater on HD compared to SF and LT, maximal extension of the tarsus was greater on HD and SF compared to LT, and maximal extension of the forelimb and hind limb fetlocks was greater on LT compared to HD and SF. The greatest overall ROM of the carpus and fetlocks was achieved on LT, while the greatest overall ROM of the tarsus was achieved on SF. The stance percentage of the stride for the hind limb was significantly different between all surfaces. In conclusion, walking surface influences flexion/extension of the carpus, tarsus and fetlocks in healthy horses, which should be considered when walking equine rehabilitation cases.     

Plasma biochemistry of ostrich (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Struthio camelus</Emphasis>): effects of anticoagulants and comparison with serum

The effects of various types of anticoagulants on plasma biochemistry were studied in man and various animals, but limited information is existing for ostrich plasma biochemistry. Ten clinically healthy ostrich were blood sampled in different tubes containing each anticoagulant and plain tube for harvesting plasma and serum. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured. The concentrations of glucose, uric acid, total protein, and calcium were significantly lower in citrated plasma than that of serum. For dilution corrected citrated plasma significant differences were only seen for the concentration of uric acid. Most parameters did not show any differences, but significant increase were seen for glucose, total protein, albumin, and phosphorus concentrations when heparin was used as an anticoagulant.     

A Quantitative Review of the Equinalysis System for Equine Locomotion Analysis

Movement analysis techniques allow objective and quantitative assessment of kinematic gait analysis. Consistent repeatability of the kinematic data is essential for such assessments. This study investigated whether the repeatability of a standardized Equinalysis Elite gait analysis system is sufficient to allow its use in clinical evaluation of equine lameness with reliable documentation of individual locomotion patterns. The extent to which examinations on different days affected the results when a standardized protocol was used was investigated. The repeatability of distal limb kinematics in nine sound horses over three successive days at one location was investigated. Measurements were performed at the examination area, for three motion cycles at the walk and trot, in each direction per day. Skin markers were placed on the lateral aspect of the coffin joint, forelimb fetlock joint, hindlimb fetlock joint, carpus, tarsus, elbow, and stifle, at clipped sites marked with a permanent marker. The inter-day repeatability of angular measurements of the carpus, tarsus, forelimb fetlock, and hindlimb fetlock joints was determined. A low degree of inter-day repeatability was found with statistically significant (P ≤ .05) differences between findings on different days, observed in the time-angle diagrams of left and right carpus, tarsus, forelimb fetlock, and hindlimb fetlock joints of all horses, at both walk and trot. The standardized Equinalysis Elite system for gait analysis of distal limb kinematics in the horse did not provide highly repeatable data in this setting.     

Comparison of Productive Performance and Serum Biochemical Indices of Primiparous and Multiparous Dairy Cows During the Perinatal Period

In order to study the differences of productive performances and serum biochemical indices between primiparous and mulitiparous dairy cows during the perinatal period, ten primiparous and ten multiparous healthy dairy cows were selected and were fed the same total mixed ration.Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein before the morning feeding on -7, -4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 d after parturition, and serum glucose, triglyceride and calcium concentrations were determined. Milk yields were recorded every day from 11 to 40 days after parturition. Milk samples were collected from each experimental cow on 30th day after parturition and milk compositions and somatic cell counts were determined. The results indicated that no significant difference was observed in serum triglyceride, milk fat, milk protein, milk lactose and milk dry matter between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows (P>0.05). Mutiparous cows had greater daily milk yield and higher milk somatic cell count than primiparous cows (P<0.05). Primiparous cows had significant higher serum glucose level on -4, 2 and 4 d after parturition (P<0.05), but significant lower serum glucose level on calving date (P<0.05) when compared with multiparous cows. Higher serum calcium concentrations were found on -2, -1 and 2 d after parturition in primiparous cows than multiparous cows (P<0.05).     

头胎与经产奶牛围产期生产性能和血清生化指标的比较

为比较头胎奶牛与经产奶牛在围产阶段生产性能和血清生化指标的差异,本研究选取临床健康的头胎和经产奶牛各10头,在同等条件下饲喂全混合日粮,于预产期前7、4、2、1 d及产后0、1、2、4、7、14 d晨喂前尾静脉采血并分离血清,测定血糖、甘油三酯和血钙浓度,产后11~40 d记录产奶量,于产后第30天采集乳样,测定乳成分和体细胞数。结果显示,头胎奶牛与经产奶牛血清甘油三酯、乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖和乳干物质等指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）;经产牛产后日均产奶量和乳体细胞数均显著高于头胎牛（P<0.05）;在分娩前第4天和分娩后第2、4天时,头胎牛血糖浓度显著高于经产牛（P<0.05）,但在分娩时,头胎牛血糖浓度显著低于经产牛（P<0.05）;头胎牛在产前第1、2天、分娩当天及产后第2天的血钙水平显著高于经产牛（P<0.05）。     

Effects of heparin, citrate, and EDTA on plasma biochemistry of sheep: Comparison with serum

The effects of various types of anticoagulants on plasma biochemistry were studied in man and various animals, but limited information is existing for sheep plasma biochemistry. Ten clinically healthy Baloochi breed of sheep were blood sampled in different tubes containing each anticoagulants and plain tube for harvesting plasma and serum. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and magnesium and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured. Except for the amounts of GGT, bilirubin and inorganic phosphorus, other measured parameters were significantly lower in citrated plasma than that of serum. For corrected citrated plasma significant differences were seen for the concentrations of glucose, creatinine, calcium and the activity of ALP.Most parameters did not show any difference, but significant increase was seen for albumin concentration when heparin was used as an anticoagulant. Using EDTA as anticoagulant caused a significant difference for the concentrations of some of the measured parameters in plasma except glucose, GGT, cholesterol, albumin, bilirubin, CK, and inorganic phosphorus comparing with serum.     

豌豆蛋白粉对1~4周龄高邮鸭生长性能、养分表观消化率、消化器官发育及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究豌豆蛋白粉对1~4周龄高邮鸭生长性能、养分表观消化率、消化器官发育及血清生化指标的影响。试验选用160只1日龄高邮鸭,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸭。对照组(C0组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组(C1、C2、C3组)分别饲喂以3%、6%、9%的豌豆蛋白粉替代基础饲粮中豆粕的试验饲粮。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)C1、C2、C3组的平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著低于对照组(P0.05);C1组的料重比显著高于对照组(P0.05),C2、C3组的料重比与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。2)C1、C2、C3组的粗蛋白质(CP)和总磷(TP)表观消化率与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),C2组的粗纤维(CF)、粗脂肪(EE)和钙(Ca)表观消化率与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),C1、C3组的CF、EE和Ca表观消化率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。3)豌豆蛋白粉对腺胃、胰腺和十二指肠的相对重量没有显著影响(P0.05)。C1组的肌胃相对重量显著高于对照组(P0.05),C2组的空肠和回肠相对重量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),C2组的十二指肠密度、空肠密度和回肠相对长度均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)豌豆蛋白粉对血清白蛋白(ALB)、葡萄糖(GLU)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)含量没有显著影响(P0.05),C3组的血清总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),C2、C3组的血清尿素氮(UN)含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),C1、C2、C3组的血清甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),C1、C3组的血清总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综上,饲粮中使用豌豆蛋白粉替代豆粕会降低1~4周龄高邮鸭的平均日增重和平均日采食量,但6%豌豆蛋白粉替代豆粕对养分表观消化率没有显著影响,料重比低于对照组,而且有助于小肠器官发育指数提高,影响体内蛋白质和脂肪代谢的变化。建议6%豌豆蛋白粉作为高邮鸭饲粮的推荐使用量。     

MOTION-CORRECTION TECHNIQUES FOR STANDING EQUINE MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the distal extremities of the standing, sedated horse would be desirable if diagnostic quality images could be obtained. With the availability of extremity and special purpose magnet designs on the market, a system to safely accommodate the standing horse may gain increasing popularity. This paper considers the issue of motion that will need to be addressed to achieve successful, diagnostic quality images. The motion of the carpus and tarsus of five standing, sedated horses was quantified. The obtained motion records were then used to induce motion in cadaveric joint specimens during several MRI scans. The measured dorsal-palmar/plantar, medial-lateral, and proximal-distal random wobbling motions in the standing sedated horse were several centimeters in magnitude and generated severe motion-artifacts during axial MRI of the cadaveric specimens. Two retrospective motion-correction techniques (autocorrection and navigator-based adaptive correction) were used to correct the corrupted images. The motion artifacts were nearly eliminated with the use of both techniques in series. Although significant hurdles remain, these results suggest promise for allowing diagnostic quality MRI of the carpus and tarsus in the standing horse.