Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the development and differentiation of sympathetic or sensory neurons. A complementary DNA was cloned that corresponds to a gene sequence induced more than 50-fold in a cultured target cell line of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) 5 hours after the addition of NGF. The induced messenger RNA encodes a 90,000-dalton polypeptide that may represent one of the primary events in NGF-induced differentiation of neurons.     

Expression of the beta-nerve growth factor gene in hippocampal neurons

In situ hybridization with complementary DNA probes for nerve growth factor (NGF) was used to identify cells containing NGF messenger RNA in rat and mouse brain. The most intense labeling occurred in hippocampus, where hybridizing neurons were found in the dentate gyrus and the pyramidal cell layer. The neuronal identity of NGF mRNA-containing cells was further assessed by a loss of NGF-hybridizing mRNA in hippocampal areas where neurons had been destroyed by kainic acid or colchicine. RNA blot analysis also revealed a considerable decrease in the level of NGF mRNA in rat dentate gyrus after a lesion was produced by colchicine. This lesion also caused a decrease in the level of Thy-1 mRNA and an increase in the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA. Neuronal death was thus associated with the disappearance of NGF mRNA. These results suggest a synthesis of NGF by neurons in the brain and imply that, in hippocampus, NGF influences NGF-sensitive neurons through neuron-to-neuron interactions.     

Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptors on 3T3 cells by platelet-derived growth factor

Platelet-derived growth factor does not compete with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for binding to EGF receptors on the murine 3T3 cell surface, but it modulates EGF receptors in two ways: (i) it induces a transient down regulation of EGF receptors and (ii) it inhibits EGF-induced down regulation of EGF receptors. These data suggest a common cellular internalization mechanism for the receptors for both hormones.     

神经生长因子对兔下颌骨骨折愈合的影响

目的 探讨神经生长因子(NGF)对下颌骨骨折愈合的作用.方法 30只白兔随机分为NGF组和对照组,每组15只;制作右下颌骨骨折模型,立即行钛夹板固定.实验组行NGF 0.4μg/d局部注射,对照组用生理盐水替代.术后第7、14、28天处死,切取下颌骨,利用骨密度仪和钼靶X-测量骨折处骨痂密度和灰度,骨组织切片作形态计量...     

利用转基因番茄表达人成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)

【目的】在番茄中表达人成纤维细胞生长因子-21(Fibroblast growth factor-21,FGF21),为利用植物反应器规模化生产FGF21奠定基础。【方法】以甘露糖-6-磷酸异构酶基因(pmi)作为转基因植物的选择标记,将人源fgf21基因克隆至表达载体pCAMBIA1390RⅡ(简写为p1390RⅡ)上,构建重组表达质粒p1390 RⅡMFGF21。采用冻融法将质粒p1390RⅡMFGF21转入根瘤农杆菌EHA105,叶盘法转化番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)"中蔬6号",采用PCR检测、Southern杂交筛选转基因番茄阳性植株,并对FGF21蛋白在转基因番茄叶片中的表达进行了Western blot分析。【结果】成功构建了带pmi安全选择标记基因的植物双元表达载体p1390RⅡMFGF21,在番茄中初步建立了以pmi为选择标记基因的遗传转化体系,共获得了26株转基因番茄植株,其中5株为阳性克隆,转化率为19.2%。采用PCR扩增和Southern blot分析进行检测,结果表明,重组fgf21基因已整合到转基因番茄基因组中。Western blot分析检测结果显示,FGF21蛋白在转基因番茄叶片中有一定水平的表达,并具有良好的抗原性。【结论】获得了以pmi为选择标记成功表达FGF21蛋白的转基因番茄遗传体系。     

表皮生长因子受体在妊娠滋养细胞疾病的表达及其意义

目的：研究表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在妊娠滋养细胞疾病的表达及其临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化方法,检测石蜡包埋的l05例妊娠滋养细胞疾病和20例正常早孕绒毛组织EGFR蛋白表达水平。结果：EGFR蛋白在妊娠滋养细胞疾病和正常早孕绒毛中均有不同程度的表达,在合体滋养层中,妊娠滋养细胞疾病和正常早孕绒毛组织均强烈表达EGFR蛋白,它们之间的表达差异无显著性。在细胞滋养层,正常早孕绒毛EGFR蛋白表达显著高于葡萄胎(P＜0．01),葡萄胎EGFR蛋白表达显著高于侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌(P＜0．01),EGFR蛋白表达在侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒癌之间差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。EGFR蛋白表达水平与滋养细胞肿瘤临床指标无关。结论：EGFR表达降低反映了在妊娠滋养细胞疾病发生发展过程中EGFR起重要作用。     

Regeneration in spinal neurons: proteosynthesis following nerve growth factor administration

Incorporation of H(3)-leucine into dorsal root ganglion cells in rats was markedly increased over that of controls following section of sciatic and femoral nerves. Crush lesion of dorsal roots did not increase the H(3)-leucine uptake of these cells except in animals which had received nerve growth factor after the operation.     

利用转基因番茄表达人成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)

【目的】在番茄中表达人成纤维细胞生长因子-21（Fibroblast growth factor-21,FGF21）,为利用植物反应器规模化生产FGF21奠定基础。【方法】以甘露糖-6-磷酸异构酶基因（pmi）作为转基因植物的选择标记,将人源fgf21基因克隆至表达载体pCAMBIA1390RⅡ（简写为p1390RⅡ）上,构建重组表达质粒p1390 RⅡMFGF21。采用冻融法将质粒p1390RⅡMFGF21转入根瘤农杆菌EHA105,叶盘法转化番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)“中蔬6号”,采用PCR检测、Southern杂交筛选转基因番茄阳性植株,并对FGF21蛋白在转基因番茄叶片中的表达进行了Western blot分析。【结果】成功构建了带pmi安全选择标记基因的植物双元表达载体p1390RⅡMFGF21,在番茄中初步建立了以pmi为选择标记基因的遗传转化体系,共获得了26株转基因番茄植株,其中5株为阳性克隆,转化率为19.2%。采用PCR扩增和Southern blot分析进行检测,结果表明,重组fgf21基因已整合到转基因番茄基因组中。Western blot分析检测结果显示,FGF21蛋白在转基因番茄叶片中有一定水平的表达,并具有良好的抗原性。【结论】获得了以pmi为选择标记成功表达FGF21蛋白的转基因番茄遗传体系。     

The human gene for the beta subunit of nerve growth factor is located on the proximal short arm of chromosome 1

Fragments of the recently cloned human gene for the beta subunit of nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) were used as hybridization probes in analyzing two sets of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids for the presence of human beta-NGF sequences. Results from the first set of hybrids assigned the human beta-NGF gene to chromosome 1 and ruled out the presence of sequences of comparable homology on any other chromosome. With the second set of hybrids, which contained seven different, but overlapping, regions of chromosome 1, the NGF locus was mapped to band 1p22.     

神经生长因子诱导PC12细胞对细胞周期的影响

目的:观察神经生长因子(NGF)诱导PC 12细胞周期的变化,以建立体外神经元样细胞周期的研究模型。方法:用流式细胞仪检测不同质量浓度NGF诱导及50μg/L NGF诱导不同天数PC 12细胞的细胞周期。结果:(1)不同质量浓度NGF诱导PC 12细胞7d,细胞百分比G0/G1期升高,S和G2/M期降低,25,50,100μg/L NGF诱导组与阴性对照组,50与25,100μg/L NGF诱导组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01或P<0.05);(2)50μg/L NGF诱导PC 12细胞不同天数的细胞百分比,G0/G1期从诱导第1天始升高,至7d达到最高,9d又有下降,S期从诱导第1天开始降低,至7d最低,9d又有上升,诱导1,3,5,7,9d与基础组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);G2/M期从诱导3d降低,至7d降至最低,9d又有升高,诱导3,5,7,9d与基础组比较,P<0.01。G0/G1期、S期、G2/M期细胞百分比,诱导9d与诱导7d比较,差异有显著性(P均<0.01)。结论:未经NGF诱导的PC 12细胞具有有丝分裂能力,经NGF诱导的PC 12细胞逐渐减少增殖,大部分细胞停滞在G0/G1期,趋向于神经元样分化,50μg/L NGF诱导7d的PC 12细胞可用于神经元样细胞周期模型的实验研究。     

人表皮生长因子融合蛋白在干酪乳杆菌中的表达

以干酪乳杆菌作为传递载体,构建表达人表皮生长因子的重组干酪乳杆菌,探讨原位表达特定蛋白的可行性。采用SOE PCR合成人表皮生长因子序列,克隆到干酪乳杆菌表达载体pELWH,构建pELWHhEGF重组质粒,将该质粒电转化干酪乳杆菌宿主,采用Western blot及间接免疫荧光检测目的蛋白的表达,并通过细胞增殖实验验证目的蛋白的生物学活性。结果表明:在重组菌的细胞表面及培养液上清中均检测到SlpA-hEGF融合蛋白,分子质量约55ku;细胞增殖实验显示SlpA-hEGF融合蛋白及干酪乳杆菌上清均能显著促进NIH/3T3细胞的增殖。     

Fibroblast growth factor receptors from liver vary in three structural domains.

Changes in heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor gene expression and receptor phenotype occur during liver regeneration and in hepatoma cells. The nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA predicts that three amino-terminal domain motifs, two juxtamembrane motifs, and two intracellular carboxyl-terminal domain motifs combine to form a minimum of 6 and potentially 12 homologous polypeptides that constitute the growth factor receptor family in a single human liver cell population. Amino-terminal variants consisted of two transmembrane molecules that contained three and two immunoglobulin-like disulfide loops, as well as a potential intracellular form of the receptor. The two intracellular juxtamembrane motifs differed in a potential serine-threonine kinase phosphorylation site. One carboxyl-terminal motif was a putative tyrosine kinase that contained potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The second carboxyl-terminal motif was probably not a tyrosine kinase and did not exhibit the same candidate carboxyl-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation sites.     

Choline acetyltransferase activity in striatum of neonatal rats increased by nerve growth factor

Some neurodegenerative disorders may be caused by abnormal synthesis or utilization of trophic molecules required to support neuronal survival. A test of this hypothesis requires that trophic agents specific for the affected neurons be identified. Cholinergic neurons in the corpus striatum of neonatal rats were found to respond to intracerebroventricular administration of nerve growth factor with prominent, dose-dependent, selective increases in choline acetyltransferase activity. Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain also respond to nerve growth factor in this way. These actions of nerve growth factor may indicate its involvement in the normal function of forebrain cholinergic neurons as well as in neurodegenerative disorders involving such cells.     

Structure of nerve growth factor complexed with the shared neurotrophin receptor p75

Neurotrophins are secreted growth factors critical for the development and maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. Neurotrophins activate two types of cell surface receptors, the Trk receptor tyrosine kinases and the shared p75 neurotrophin receptor. We have determined the 2.4 A crystal structure of the prototypic neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF), complexed with the extracellular domain of p75. Surprisingly, the complex is composed of an NGF homodimer asymmetrically bound to a single p75. p75 binds along the homodimeric interface of NGF, which disables NGF's symmetry-related second p75 binding site through an allosteric conformational change. Thus, neurotrophin signaling through p75 may occur by disassembly of p75 dimers and assembly of asymmetric 2:1 neurotrophin/p75 complexes, which could potentially engage a Trk receptor to form a trimolecular signaling complex.     

橡胶树肌动蛋白解聚因子的表达和功能鉴定

为探寻肌动蛋白解聚因子(actin depolymerizing factor,ADF)在调控肌动蛋白解聚和聚合平衡过程中发挥的作用,从橡胶树中获得了Hb ADF基因组序列,经测定,该序列长2 258 bp,含有2个内含子和3个外显子,在裂殖酵母中过表达Hb ADF,获得相对分子质量约38 000的融合蛋白。对裂殖酵母细胞形态进行观察,发现诱导表达Hb ADF的酵母细胞长度显著增加,双核和多核比例达67%。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,Hb ADF的表达受3%KI处理调控,在橡胶树不同死皮阶段和不同排胶时间段的表达存在变化,说明Hb ADF可能参与了橡胶树排胶和死皮的过程。     

Gene expression in mice after high efficiency retroviral-mediated gene transfer

A retroviral expression vector (N2) containing the selectable gene, neoR, has been used to determine the optimal conditions for infecting murine hematopoietic progenitor cells at high efficiency. After infected bone marrow cells were introduced into lethally irradiated mice, the presence, stability, and expression of the vector DNA sequences were analyzed either in individual spleen foci 10 days later or in the blood, bone marrow, and spleens of mice 4 months later. When bone marrow cells were cultured in medium containing virus with titers of more than 10(6) colony-forming units per milliliter in the presence of purified murine interleukin-3, more than 85 percent of the resulting foci contained vector DNA. This proviral vector DNA was intact. Efficient expression of the neoR gene was demonstrated in most of the DNA-positive foci examined. The spleens of reconstituted animals (over a long term) contained intact "vector DNA" and the blood and bone marrow expressed the neoR gene in some animals. Thus, a retroviral vector can be used to introduce intact exogenous DNA sequences into hematopoietic stem cells with high efficiency and with substantial expression.