文心兰2种主要病毒的快速检测及其组培脱毒方法

利用感染了建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒的文心兰叶片,建立同步检测文心兰2种病毒的双重RT-PCR方法,该方法可一次性扩增出2种病毒的DNA条带,最低可检测到相当于1μg的带毒叶片。同时采用花梗组织培养脱毒并结合培养基添加病毒A的脱毒方法,对感染2种病毒的文心兰进行外植体脱毒试验,获得文心兰组培苗脱毒方法。用建立的双重RT-PCR检测脱毒效果,脱毒率为75.3%。     

蓖麻毒蛋白前体基因的时空表达模式分析

蓖麻毒蛋白（Ricin）是一类异二聚体复合物,包括一条具有催化活性的A链和具有半乳糖识别功能的B链,具有剧毒性。以RC2蓖麻为材料,利用半定量PCR和定量PCR技术分析蓖麻毒蛋白前体基因的时空表达模式。结果表明,在苗期蓖麻各组织中蓖麻毒蛋白前体基因不表达,而在成熟开花植株的各组织部位中,只在根和种子中有表达;而在种子发育过程中,授粉后1～2d内,子房中蓖麻毒蛋白前体基因有表达,之后伴随种子生长发育特异性表达消失;授粉后24 d,蓖麻毒蛋白前体基因再次表达,并且表达量快速增高。这一规律的发现为进一步研究蓖麻毒蛋白合成积累以及选育低毒蓖麻提供了重要参考。     

粮油制品中黄曲霉毒素脱毒研究进展

黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxin,AFT)是一类致癌性极强的剧毒物质,常存在于发霉的粮油制品中。本文综述了黄曲霉毒素去毒方法研究进展,并结合近年来黄曲霉毒素检测技术的研究,提出了将新型纳米材料吸附法与化学方法相结合的脱毒、去毒方法。以期对我国开展粮油黄曲霉毒素脱毒技术体系研究提供一些参考。     

大力发展蓖麻种植积极推广蓖麻杂交种

蓖麻（RicinuscommunisL．）属大戟科多年生木质草本植物,别名大麻子、老麻了、草麻,原产于非洲东部,在巴西、阿根廷、美国均有种植,后经印度传人我国,有近400年的种植历史,在我国以西北地区、华北地区、华南地区和东北地区为主要的蓖麻种植区域。蓖麻全身是宝,利用价值非常高,蓖麻叶营养价值高,可以养蓖麻蚕;秸秆可以造纸、压制中密度板或加工活性炭;蓖麻饼粕是一种很好的有机肥料,蓖麻粕经过脱毒处理后可作为牲畜饲料;     

蓖麻籽粕毒蛋白及非毒蛋白含量的测定

蓖麻籽(Ricius communisl)含有丰富的油脂及蛋白质。以往曾因榨过油的蓖麻籽粕中含有毒性很高的蓖麻毒蛋白(Ricin),限制了它的饲用价值。近年已分离出蓖麻毒蛋白,经动物实验证明,对于实验动物肿癌的生长具有明显的抑制作用。而分离出蓖麻毒蛋白的蓖麻蛋白,在动物的喂饲中,尚未发现中毒性反应。这样,将为我国油料植物的蛋白资源,提供一条综合利用的途经。     

蓖麻毒蛋白A链基因克隆与重复表达载体构建

利用降落PCR的方法,从蓖麻基因组DNA中克隆毒蛋白A链基因的560bp片段;利用一步法将该基因的2个正义片段和2个反义片段分别与pBI-121质粒连接,构建含该基因的正义重复和反义重复表达载体,为利用共抑制技术抑制蓖麻毒蛋白A链基因表达的研究奠定基础。     

云南省马铃薯脱毒试管苗和微型薯病毒检测与分析

病毒病是制约马铃薯产量和质量的重要因素。马铃薯脱毒试管苗、微型薯是生产脱毒种薯的重要环节。本研究于2010~2013年对收集自云南省的试管苗274个、微型薯356个,共计630个样品。应用电子显微镜观察,并采用DAS-ELISA检测了8种病毒:马铃薯S病毒、马铃薯卷叶病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、马铃薯X病毒、马铃薯A病毒、马铃薯M病毒、番茄斑萎病毒和烟草环斑病毒,发现试管苗和微型薯中马铃薯S病毒检出率最高(21.27%),其次是PLRV(5.71%);还检测到了新出现的侵染马铃薯的番茄斑萎病毒和烟草环斑病毒。研究结果为马铃薯种薯生产过程中病毒病的检测防控提供了参考。     

脱毒马铃薯生育规律的研究

本文通过对脱毒马铃薯生育规律的研究,指出:一、早熟种脱毒与否,其物候期差异不明显;中熟种脱毒薯的出苗、现蕾、开花及成熟期均晚于未脱毒薯。二、早熟种脱毒与否,株高差异不大;中熟种脱毒薯植株高于未脱毒薯。早、中熟脱毒薯茎叶鲜重及块茎鲜重均显著增加。三、早熟种脱毒薯,后期生长显著旺于未脱毒薯。中熟种脱毒薯茎叶生长高峰晚于未脱毒薯,其生长显著优于未脱薯毒。四、早熟种脱毒薯的平衡期早于未脱毒薯。因此,可以早期供应市场;中熟种脱毒薯平衡期延长,适当晚收,可以高产增收。     

无霜期较短地区蓖麻生长发育特点的研究

本项研究通过田间试验、定株观察,并配合气象观测,揭示了蓖麻生长发育和温度的关系,蓖麻在无霜期较短地区的生长发育特点.平均气温20℃是蓖麻正常生长发育的临界温度.在中、后期要求有足够的有效积温,否则将导致蓖麻不能成熟或成熟不好而减产。     

甘蔗黄叶病毒的TBIA快速检测

利用从法国引进的甘蔗黄叶病毒(ScYLV)标准抗原抗体,研究建立了TBIA快速检测ScYLV的方法.通过对田间采集的样本进行检测,同时以DAS-ELISA检测法印证,检测结果一致,表明TBIA能简便、快速、准确、有效地检测出ScYLV,且检测效率高,适合于田间大批量样品快速检测.为甘蔗黄叶病的诊断和防治、脱毒种苗的生产、对外甘蔗品种/材料交换检疫检测提供了技术支撑.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.