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利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)和小卫星标记(DAMD)技术分析中国石榴枯萎病菌 (Ceratocystis fimbriata)的遗传多样性,并对来自印度、巴西、美国、新西兰、巴布新几内亚等多种寄主的C. fimbriata样品进行扩增,结果显示:所有C. fimbriata在遗传相似系数0.70 (RAPD)和0.60(DAMD)时均被分为4个相似的组群,其中中国石榴枯萎病菌间及其与芋头黑腐病菌(中国)具有一致的同源性(similarity index:1.00),而其它不同寄主来源的分离菌显示出一定的多态性。来自印度的石榴枯萎病菌与来自中国的有明显差异(RAPD,DAMD遗传相似系数分别为0.83和0.71),中国芋头寄主分离菌与巴西芋头分离菌间也存在一定差异。相对于来自印度石榴C. fimbriata来说,来自中国石榴与巴西芋头的分离菌有更近的系统发育关系。所有来自甘薯寄主的C. fimbriata 聚类为一个单独的分支。这表明供试的所有中国石榴菌株间及与中国芋头菌株间均具有一样的基因型,与印度同寄主(石榴)的C. fimbriata基因型存在明显差异。 相似文献
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1999年7月云南省元谋县城郊玉米地发现一种玉米新病害,发病面积大约70hm2.其典型症状表现为植株矮化,节间缩短,叶片密集簇生,叶片上有黄绿相间的条斑.叶鞘上有坏死或腐烂病斑,幼穗腐烂,不实,严重者绝产,颗粒无收.从坏死或腐烂的叶鞘和果穗上可镜检到分生孢子及分生孢子梗.纯化培养后,并按柯赫氏法则进行接种试验,病原鉴定为柔弱无枝孢Acladium tenellum(Berk.& Curt.)Subram.comb.nov..本文对病害症状、病原形态、发病情况等进行了详细研究,确定该病为玉米一种新病害. 相似文献
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本文首次报道了我国高梁上发生的一种新病害--高梁黑束病的研究结果,引起黑束病的病原菌是点枝顶孢霉菌(Acremonium strictum W.Gams);适宜病菌生长的温度范围为25-30℃,PH值范围为5-8;分生孢子萌发的适宜温度范围为23-28℃,适宜PH值范围为5-7;大多数糖类均作为该病菌的碳源营养,以果糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖、淀粉为佳,而山犁糖则不利于病菌生长。单独 相似文献
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本文首次报道了我国高粱上发生的一种新病害——高粱黑束病的研究结果。引起黑束病的病原菌是点枝顶孢霉菌(Acremonium strictum W.Gams);适宜病菌生长的温度范围为25—30℃,pH值范围为5—8;分生孢子萌发的适宜温度范围为23—28℃,适宜pH值范围为5—7;大多数糖类均可作为该病菌的碳源营养,以果糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖、淀粉为佳,而山梨糖则不利于病菌生长。单独应用有机或无机氮素作为营养均不适于此病菌生长;在人工接种条件下,病菌可侵染高粱、苏丹草、玉米、谷子、珍珠粟等禾本科植物;不同高粱品种的感病性有明显差异。 相似文献
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12 .5%烯唑醇 (禾果利 ,下称 )WP(可湿性粉剂 ,下同 )是由江苏辉丰农化有限公司开发出品的 1种高效新型杀菌剂。该产品是由日本住友化学有限公司 90年代初最先开发成功的。近年来 ,经过河南、陕西等省各地试验、示范和推广应用 ,证明其对梨黑星病、炭疽病和苹果白粉病、炭疽病、轮纹病等果树病害均有良好的预防、铲除和治疗效果。目前已在全国部分省、区较大面积推广使用 ,为进一步搞好其推广应用的技术服务工作 ,普及用药技术 ,提高防治效果。现简要介绍如下 :1 用药时期和方法经试验 ,禾果利可用于防治梨黑星病、炭疽病、黑斑病、锈病… 相似文献
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In October 2012, infected post harvest carrot root were found with decay symptom in several farmer markets around Kunming city of Yunnan Province, China. The symptom was grey white initially, then became brown to black with visible perithecia. According pathogenicity, morphology and sequence of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ( ITSI-5.8S-ITS2 ), the pathogen was identified as Ceratocystis fimbriata. The disease has been reported only in Brazil before, this is the first report on C. fimbriata as the pathogen of carrot(Daucus carota) decay post harvest in China . 相似文献
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Leonardo S. S. Oliveira Lucas V. A. Pimenta Lúcio M. S. Guimarães Paulo V. D. de Souza Leonardo L. Bhering Acelino C. Alfenas 《Plant pathology》2021,70(2):349-357
Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is native to southern China, but was first cultivated in New Zealand and then spread worldwide. Emerging diseases such as ceratocystis wilt have attracted the attention of kiwifruit growers due to the great losses observed in southern Brazil. Effective control can be achieved by screening for resistance, but the genetic variability of the pathogen must be considered. Thus, this study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and variation in aggressiveness of Ceratocystis isolates from kiwifruit in southern Brazil and then evaluate the resistance of kiwifruit cultivars with the most aggressive isolates. A collection of 46 isolates were obtained from southern Brazil and 14 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers was successfully used for genotyping. Out of 14 markers, 13 were polymorphic and identified 26 genotypes. Fourteen distinct genotypes were tested on a susceptible cultivar to select the most aggressive ones. Finally, inoculation with an equal mixture of five of the most aggressive isolates was used to evaluate the resistance of seven kiwifruit cultivars: Red Arguta, Green Arguta, Allison, Chieftain, Hayward, Monty, and Tomury. Cultivars varied in levels of susceptibility, with disease severity ranging from 40% to 100%. Considering the length of stem lesions, Chieftain showed the lowest level of severity at 40%, while no wilt symptoms were observed at 45 days after inoculation. In addition to the seven cultivars, a half-sibling progeny with 618 plants of the rootstock cv. Bruno was also assessed, but only seven individuals were resistant. These seven plants can be cloned and used as resistant rootstocks in commercial orchards. 相似文献
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长喙壳属真菌(Ceratocystis spp.)是一类重要的土传植物病原真菌,可危害多种作物。由于技术方法的限制,对于土壤样品中该病原菌的分离比较困难。本研究通过比较以胡萝卜、马铃薯、甘薯作为诱导富集载体对土壤中长喙壳属真菌的富集分离效果,确定了胡萝卜为最优诱导富集载体。进一步通过对胡萝卜片厚度、土壤相对湿度、培养温度、光照条件、保湿方式等培养条件的优化,建立了从土壤中分离长喙壳属真菌的有效方法,具体为:以厚度为3~5 mm的胡萝卜片作为诱导富集载体;土壤样品相对含水量为10%~30%;12 h光暗交替或24 h黑暗;在22℃~26℃条件下不保湿进行培养,8 d后可从携带最低数量为10个孢子/g的土壤样品中分离到靶标菌。采用该方法,对采自新疆、河南、湖南、云南等地共计108份自然或耕作土壤样品进行了分离,结果表明从采自云南蒙自市、临沧市的45份土壤样品中均分离获得了长喙壳属真菌。该方法具有操作简便、所需仪器设备简单、灵敏度较高、成本低和高通量等特点,适用于田间调查,可对样本量较大的土壤样品进行快速及时分离,以获得不同土壤生境中的长喙壳属真菌分离物。 相似文献
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甘薯长喙壳菌产生芳香性气体物质研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据国内外相关文献报道及作者的研究实践,评述了甘薯长喙壳菌(Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. et Halst.)及其产生芳香性气体物质的组成、影响因素、收集检测方法和应用价值;比较了芳香性气体物质几种收集方法的优劣和技术难点;分析了甘薯长喙壳菌产生芳香性气体物质特征在天然香味物质获取新途径、农作物废料再利用和作物病害防治方面的潜在应用前景;提出了围绕甘薯长喙壳菌的生物学特性开展系统研究,加速开展芳香性气体物质收集方法的筛选、组分分析及其生物学效应为主的应用基础和应用技术综合研究的建议 相似文献
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Ceratocystis cacaofunesta (= Ceratocystis fimbriata ) causes a lethal wilt disease of cacao ( Theobroma cacao ) in Latin America. Polymorphic microsatellite markers, (CAT)5 nuclear DNA fingerprints and Hae III mitochondrial DNA fingerprints were used to compare genetic diversity among isolates of C. cacaofunesta collected from populations in western Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Rondônia and Bahia in Brazil. Microsatellite markers and nuclear DNA fingerprints separated Ecuadorian isolates from isolates of the other four populations, and these two major groups correspond to genetic lineages already identified from ITS-rDNA sequences and intersterility groupings. Mitochondrial DNA fingerprints also demonstrated substantial diversity and split the Ecuadorian isolates into two groups. All marker types showed limited variation in the Colombian, Costa Rican and Bahian populations, as might be expected for introduced populations that have gone through recent genetic bottlenecks. In contrast, the Rondonian and western Ecuadorian populations showed gene diversity values similar to natural populations of other Ceratocystis species. The Rondonian population was the only sampled population in the native range of T. cacao (the Upper Amazon), and the putatively introduced populations were more closely related to the Rondonian population than to the western Ecuadorian population. The Ecuadorian population is in an area with other native Theobroma species, which may serve as natural hosts. 相似文献
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I. Barnes † G. Nakabonge J. Roux B. D. Wingfield M. J. Wingfield 《Plant pathology》2005,54(2):189-195
Ceratocystis albifundus is an important fungal pathogen of Acacia mearnsii trees in South Africa. In a previous study, a high level of gene diversity was demonstrated in a South African population of C. albifundus . This, together with the occurrence of the pathogen on native Protea species and its exclusive occurrence in South Africa, led to the hypothesis that C. albifundus is probably native to that country. More recently, C. albifundus has been reported from A. mearnsii in south-western Uganda. The aim of this study was to compare the populations of C. albifundus from Uganda and South Africa based on genetic diversity, population structure and possible gene flow. This was achieved using codominant microsatellite markers developed for the closely related species Ceratocystis fimbriata . Available isolates for comparison were from six different areas of South Africa and six jungle stands in Uganda. Eight of the 11 available markers amplified loci in C. albifundus . Gene diversity was higher in the Ugandan population, but genotypic diversity was greater for the South African isolates. There were no common genotypes between the two populations and they shared only 22% of the total alleles. The populations were genetically isolated from each other and highly substructured within. There was no association between isolates collected from the same geographic locations, and gene flow between the two populations was low. Results suggest that C. albifundus was probably not introduced into Uganda from South Africa but rather that an ancestral population, yet to be discovered, is the source of both populations. 相似文献