苦瓜炭疽病病原菌鉴定

苦瓜炭疽病是江西农业大学周边菜地重要病害之一，目前，国内外对该病害研究较少。本文按照柯赫氏法则对该病害病原进行了分离培养鉴定，鉴定结果为瓜类炭疽菌Colletotrichum orbiculared（Berk．＆ Mont）Arx。文中对病害的发生情况、病菌培养和形态特征等性状作了记述。     

佛手瓜贮藏期病害鉴定

本文描述佛手瓜贮藏期病果的症状和病原形态，对其贮藏期发生的病害进行鉴定，结果表明：佛下瓜贮藏病害有8种，以佛手瓜灰霉病、软腐病、腐烂病发病率最高。     

重庆试种期问绿玉树病害初报

绿玉树是一种集药用、观赏等多用途于一体的树种，病害的发生严重影响了绿玉树在重庆试种期间的健康生长。病害调查和病原鉴定结果表明：试种期间危害最严重的病害是灰霉病和根结线虫病。其中灰霉病由葡萄孢霉（Botrytis sp．）危害所致，可使绿玉树的各个部位发生水渍状腐烂，上生灰色霉层，持续阴雨有利于病害的发生和流行。南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）为害引起根结线虫病，使绿玉树根部组织过度生长形成瘤状根结。发生严重可导致根部坏死腐烂。     

杨树枝干病害调查及病原鉴定初报

笔者通过林木病害调查和病原鉴定技术，对江西省十余个市，县杨树造林区进行了广泛调查，共采集标本56号，按常规的病原鉴定方法进行了鉴定，共鉴定出6种枝干病害，其中5种为侵染性病害，1种为生理性病害，由真菌Dothiorella gregaria Sace，引起的枝干溃疡危害广且重，为杜绝病害的扩展蔓延，提出了相应的防治措施。     

青岛地区出口蔬菜基地病害调查

青岛是我国的第三大港口，也是山东重要的蔬菜出口城市，辖区内遍布众多的蔬菜出口基地。这些蔬菜大都销往日本、韩国和东南亚的主要城市。随着大量进口良种的繁育和使用，蔬菜基地的病害情况也相应地发生了变化。为了更好地掌握病害的发生和变化情况，我们在2004年7～10月和2005年7～10月对青岛辖区内胶南理务关蔬菜出口基地、莱西庄头和夏格庄蔬菜出口基地、胶州宋戈庄蔬菜出口基地等进行了蔬菜病害种类和发生情况考察。在9种蔬菜作物上采到病害标本20份，全部进行了鉴定和接种，初步掌握了青岛辖区内病害发生的基本情况，对进一步制定合理的用药方案和标准，有针对性地指导出口蔬菜基地病害防治起到了良好的作用。     

山东省核桃主要病害及其综合防治

核桃为山东省重要的经济林树种之一,近年病害发生严重。经对山东济南、泰安、临沂、济宁、莱芜等地核桃园病害发生情况的调查和对病原分离鉴定,初步明确了目前山东核桃的主要病害为炭疽病、褐色顶端坏死病、溃疡病、枯梢病和白粉病等。针对主要病害发生规律,本文提出了对核桃主要病害的综合防治办法。     

昆明市主要花卉病害初步调查

通过实地调查和室内鉴定,在昆明市常见的景观花卉和鲜切花及部分园林植物上鉴定诊断出71种病害,包括真菌性病害51种,病毒病8种,细菌病害7种,其他类型病害5种。在真菌病害中,白粉病、炭疽病和叶斑病等3类发生较为普遍,依次占调查花卉品种的21%、17%和13%。     

上海地区大花蕙兰真菌病害鉴定

根据调查和鉴定,初步明确上海地区大花蕙兰真菌病害有10种,本文描述了10种真菌病害的症状、病原菌及发生情况。     

烟草大波浪纹、大、小环斑病毒病原鉴定和病害的发生

烟草大波浪纹、大、小环斑病毒病原鉴定和病害的发生赵毓潮刘元明，高肃贵（湖北长阳县植检站，４４３５００）（湖北省植检站）１９９３年，湖北省长阳县植检站在调查烟草病虫害时，首次发现烟草叶片有对称性大波浪纹、大环斑、小环斑褪绿斑病害症状。１９９４年６月又发...     

琅歧蔬菜基地主要病害及其消长规律调查

琅岐岛是福建省重要的无公害蔬菜生产基地。从１９９７年开始 ,经多年开展琅岐蔬菜基地不同时期、不同茬口、不同种植方式蔬菜的病害种类及发生危害情况调查。现已基本明确琅岐蔬菜基地主要病害发生情况、危害情况、主要防治对象及其消长规律。１主要病害发生情况已调查鉴定蔬菜病害１０１种 ,其中真菌病害约８１种 ,细菌病害７种 ,病毒病害８种 ,线虫、生理性及其他病害５种。其中瓜类病害２１种 ;茄果类病害２３种 ;豆科蔬菜病害１２种 ;叶菜类病害３１种 ;葱蒜类病害８种 ;根类蔬菜病害６种。调查基本明确琅岐蔬菜基地春、夏、秋、冬的主…     

石榴枯萎病菌拮抗放线菌对南方根结线虫的毒力

从云南蒙自万亩石榴园、建水石榴园采集的土样中分离筛选得到对石榴枯萎病菌有较强拮抗活性的放线菌,其中菌株JS1对石榴枯萎病菌的室内抑菌半径为11mm。测定了菌株JS1发酵液对南方根结线虫的抑杀活性,结果表明,50%JS1菌株发酵液处理南方根结线虫卵6d,卵孵化率与对照相比降低了51.67%;50%JS1菌株发酵液处理南方根结线虫2龄幼虫72h,2龄幼虫的校正死亡率增加了88.10%;菌株JS1兼有拮抗石榴枯萎病菌及抑杀南方根结线虫的活性。结合菌株JS1在鉴定培养基上的培养特征、形态学观察及16SrDNA序列分析,将JS1初步鉴定为壮观链霉菌(Streptomyces spectabilis)。     

不同作物套栽对枯草芽孢杆菌控制石榴枯萎病效果的影响

本文室内测定了枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis对石榴枯萎病菌Ceratocystis fimbriata的抑菌作用,检测其在石榴Punica granatum、番茄Lycopersicum esculentum、大豆Glycine max、青菜Brassica chinensis、芫荽Coriandrum sativum、大葱Allium fistulosum var. giganteum和大蒜Allium sativum根际的定殖动态及其结合作物套栽对石榴枯萎病的盆栽控制效果。结果表明,芽孢杆菌在不同供试植物根际的定殖能力差异大,在石榴根际的定殖力弱,在番茄、大葱和大蒜根际的定殖力强;作物套栽结合施用芽孢杆菌明显地减轻了石榴枯萎病的发病程度,其中芽孢杆菌结合套栽番茄、大葱和大蒜的平均防效分别达78.14%、80.99%和78.91%。综上所述,套栽番茄、大葱和大蒜有望成为一种提高枯草芽孢杆菌控制石榴枯萎病的有效手段。     

Gummosis and wilt of Acacia mearnsii in South Africa caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata

A dieback of Acacia mearnsii trees was observed in the Mkomasi river valley, Natal Province, South Africa. A fungus, tentatively identified as Ceratocystis fimbriata , was consistently isolated from affected twigs and branches. Reinoculation of the pathogen resulted in the development of typical wilt and dieback of A. mearnsii seedlings and saplings and in a dieback of Protea cynaroides plants. This is the first report of this disease in South Africa.     

Ceratocystis species infecting stem wounds on Eucalyptus grandis in South Africa

Reports of Ceratocystis spp. causing disease of exotic plantation hardwood species have increased in recent years. Ceratocystis fimbriata causes wilt and canker on Eucalyptus spp. in Africa and South America, and C. albofundus results in wilt and death of Acacia mearnsii in Africa. Ceratocystis spp. generally infect wounds on trees, and artificial stem wounding can thus be used to determine the presence of these fungi. The aim of this study was to identify Ceratocystis spp. infecting wounds on Eucalyptus grandis in South Africa. Isolated Ceratocystis spp. were identified using morphological characteristics and comparisons of DNA sequence data for the ITS and 5·8S regions of the rRNA operon. Pathogenicity trials were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the possible role that these Ceratocystis spp. could have in disease development. These trials were also conducted under field conditions. Three Ceratocystis spp. were collected: C. fimbriata , C. moniliformis and C. pirilliformis . This is the first report of C. fimbriata and C. pirilliformis from Eucalyptus spp. in South Africa, and the first report of the latter fungus outside Australia. Both C. fimbriata and C. pirilliformis caused significant lesions on inoculated E. grandis trees. This is the first evidence that C. pirilliformis is a pathogen of Eucalyptus spp. From the results of both greenhouse and field trials, it has the potential to cause serious disease problems in Eucalyptus plantations.     

Ceratocystis wilt of cacao-a disease of increasing importance

ABSTRACT Ceratocystis cacaofunesta (formerly C. fimbriata) causes a lethal wilt disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in the Caribbean and Central and South America. Recent studies employing phylogenetics, intersterility, and host range separate the cacao pathogen from other strains of the C. fimbriata complex. Ceratocystis wilt has been managed through genetic resistance, but the disease is an emerging problem in Bahia, Brazil, where it was recently introduced. Genetic studies indicate that populations of the fungus in Costa Rica, Colombia, and Bahia may have been introduced on cacao cuttings; whereas populations in Rond?nia, Brazil, and western Ecuador appear to be native. The fungal genotype present in Bahia is similar to those found in Rond?nia and may have been introduced on propagative material with witches' broom resistance.     

Movement of genotypes of Ceratocystis fimbriata within and among Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil

Ceratocystis wilt on eucalyptus, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, was first recognized in 1997 in the state of Bahia, Brazil, but is now known in five other states and in four other countries. C. fimbriata is a native, soilborne pathogen in some parts of Brazil but we hypothesized that genotypes of the pathogen have been moved among plantations in rooted cuttings collected from diseased trees and within plantations on cutting tools. We used six microsatellite markers to identify 78 genotypes of C. fimbriata among 177 isolates from individual trees in 20 eucalyptus plantations. The highest gene and genotypic diversity values were found in plantations on formerly wild Cerrado forest in Minas Gerais, suggesting that the fungus was in the soil prior to planting eucalyptus. In contrast, one or only a few genotypes were found in plantations on previous pastureland (with no woody hosts) in Bahia and S?o Paulo, and most of these genotypes were found in a Bahian nursery or in one of two Bahian plantations that were sources for rooted cuttings. Sources of cuttings tended to be dominated by one or a few genotypes that may have been spread within the plantation on cutting tools.     

果园杂草对枯草芽胞杆菌控制石榴枯萎病的增效作用

测定枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)在石榴园6种优势杂草胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)、三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、大籽蒿(Artemisia sieversiana)、鸭跖草(Commelina communi)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)根部及根际土壤中的定殖动态,及杂草与枯草芽胞杆菌协同控制石榴枯萎病(Ceratocystis imbriata)的效果,为生防细菌的应用提供新的方法.结果显示,枯草芽胞杆菌在胜红蓟、三叶鬼针草、大籽蒿和鸭跖草的根部定殖能力都相对较强.在大籽蒿的根部定殖能力最强.而枯草芽胞杆菌只有在大籽蒿根际土中的可检测浓度持续到接种后的30 d.各种杂草结合枯草芽胞杆菌防治石榴枯萎病的结果表明,大籽蒿和胜红蓟表现卓越的增效作用.表明石榴园部分优势杂草可能通过促进枯草芽胞杆菌在其根系及根际中的定殖从而增强控制石榴枯萎病的作用.     

紫茎泽兰对石榴枯萎病菌和枯草芽孢杆菌生长的影响

在室内条件下,利用20%的MS营养液（MS0.2）和灭菌蒸馏水培养的紫茎泽兰根系分泌物对石榴枯萎病和生防细菌枯草芽孢杆菌生长进行测定。结果表明,2种方式培养的紫茎泽兰根系分泌物均不能有效抑制枯萎病菌的生长,但对枯草芽孢杆菌的生长具有极强的促进作用。其中30%MS0.2对枯草芽孢杆菌的促进率达29.85%,而40%蒸馏水的促进率可达87.46%。恢复石榴园紫茎泽兰可能提高利用生防细菌枯草芽孢杆菌防治石榴枯萎病的效果。     

内蒙古普通菜豆枯萎病病原菌鉴定

<正>普通菜豆(Common bean),俗称芸豆(Kidney bean),为豆科(Fabaceae)菜豆属一年生草本植物,营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,既是蔬菜又是粮食,是重要的农副产品。内蒙古自治区是我国种植普通菜豆的主要地区之一。随着普通菜豆栽培面积以及连作年限不断增加,病虫害问题日益突出,尤其是枯萎病,严重影响了普通菜豆的产量和品质,已成为限制普通菜豆产业可持续发展的主要因素之一。2021年7月,     

Pathogenicity, Internal Transcribed Spacer-rDNA Variation, and Human Dispersal of Ceratocystis fimbriata on the Family Araceae

ABSTRACT Ceratocystis fimbriata is a complex of many cryptic, host-specialized species that causes wilt and canker of woody species and rot diseases of storage roots and corms of many economically important plants worldwide. With the exception of the family Araceae, all confirmed hosts of C. fimbriata are dicotyledonous plants. We hypothesized that the isolates from members of the family Araceae would form a monophyletic lineage specialized to infect these unique hosts. Analyses of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear rDNA indicate that isolates and herbarium specimens of C. fimbriata from the family Araceae represent three different groups: an Xanthosoma/Syngonium group on corms of Xanthosoma spp. from the Caribbean region and on ornamental S. podophyllum from greenhouses in Florida, Hawaii, Australia, and Brazil; an inhame group on corms of Colocasia esculenta in Brazil; and a distantly related taro group on Colocasia esculenta in Hawaii and China and on X. sagittifolium in Fiji. Inoculations of three species of Araceae (Caladium bicolor, S. podophyllum, and Colocasia esculenta) showed that isolates from all three groups are pathogenic to these three hosts. Brazilian isolates from Mangifera indica and Ficus carica were only weakly pathogenic to Caladium and Syngonium sp. and were not pathogenic to Colocasia sp. Syngonium plants appeared to be most susceptible to isolates of the Xanthosoma/Syngonium group, and Colocasia plants were least susceptible to isolates from Syngonium spp. Thus, it appears that adaptations to the family Araceae have evolved more than once in the C. fimbriata complex. It is hypothesized that the three groups of C. fimbriata on the family Araceae are native to the Caribbean, Brazil, and Asia, respectively, but they have been spread elsewhere by humans.