收录机自动选曲电路设计

本文阐述了收录机自动选曲电路的工作原理和工作进程,设计并研制了ＴＣ９１３８Ｐ集成块组成的自动选曲电路,完善了各电子元器件的参数。结果表明,该电路外围元件少、功能强,调试简单方便,是一种实用价值较高的收录机自动选曲电路。     

Toward the realization of a josephson computer

High-quality Josephson junctions, with both electrodes made from niobium and with an aluminum-oxide insulating barrier, were introduced in 1983. This niobium junction is very stable, reliable, controllable, and reproducible. Because of these excellent characteristics, these junctions can be applied to large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits, such as microprocessors having a few thousand gates and a few kilobits of memory. These circuits operate much faster and consume less power than any semiconductor circuit now available. Integrated Josephson circuits are now being tested in a closed-cycle refrigerator. The next step is to design a special-purpose, small-scale Josephson computer and to demonstrate its high performance.     

Friction anisotropy-driven domain imaging on exfoliated monolayer graphene

Graphene produced by exfoliation has not been able to provide an ideal graphene with performance comparable to that predicted by theory, and structural and/or electronic defects have been proposed as one cause of reduced performance. We report the observation of domains on exfoliated monolayer graphene that differ by their friction characteristics, as measured by friction force microscopy. Angle-dependent scanning revealed friction anisotropy with a periodicity of 180° on each friction domain. The friction anisotropy decreased as the applied load increased. We propose that the domains arise from ripple distortions that give rise to anisotropic friction in each domain as a result of the anisotropic puckering of the graphene.     

Evolution of block copolymer lithography to highly ordered square arrays

The manufacture of smaller, faster, more efficient microelectronic components is a major scientific and technological challenge, driven in part by a constant need for smaller lithographically defined features and patterns. Traditional self-assembling approaches based on block copolymer lithography spontaneously yield nanometer-sized hexagonal structures, but these features are not consistent with the industry-standard rectilinear coordinate system. We present a modular and hierarchical self-assembly strategy, combining supramolecular assembly of hydrogen-bonding units with controlled phase separation of diblock copolymers, for the generation of nanoscale square patterns. These square arrays will enable simplified addressability and circuit interconnection in integrated circuit manufacturing and nanotechnology.     

Multis: a new class of multiprocessor computers

Multis are a new class of computers based on multiple microprocessors. The small size, low cost, and high performance of microprocessors allow the design and construction of computer structures that offer significant advantages in manufacture, price-performance ratio, and reliability over traditional computer families. Currently, commercial multis consist of 4 to 28 modules, which include microprocessors, common memories, and input-output devices, all of which communicate through a single set of wires called a bus. Adding microprocessors together increases the performance of multis in direct proportion to their price and allows multis to offer a performance range that spans that of small minicomputers to mainframe computers. Multis are commercially available for applications ranging from real-time industrial control to transaction processing. Traditional batch, time-sharing, and transaction systems process a number of independent jobs that can be distributed among the microprocessors of a multi with a resulting increased throughput (number of jobs completed per unit of time). Many scientific applications (such as the solving of partial differential equations) and engineering applications (such as the checking of integrated circuit designs) are speeded up by this parallel computation; thus, multis produce results at supercomputer speed but at a fraction of the cost. Multis are likely to be the basis for the next, the fifth, generation of computers-a generation based on parallel processing.     

Semiconductor device technology and digital system design

Since the introduction of the first commercial integrated circuits nearly 25 years ago, the semiconductor industry has undergone what is now recognized as a revolution in electronics technology. Modern technology is now yielding complex circuits consisting of nearly half a million transistors on a single integrated circuit chip with a price of a few hundred dollars. Integrated circuit technology has provided increasingly capable functions at ever decreasing prices, thus resulting in ever widening areas of application. Digital system design has become a very challenging and stimulating endeavor. This paper provides insight into the nature of digital system design and integrated circuit technology. Additionally, it surveys the types of building blocks available in the commercial marketplace and discusses industry trends.     

Tailoring electrical transport across grain boundaries in polycrystalline graphene

Graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is polycrystalline, and scattering of charge carriers at grain boundaries (GBs) could degrade its performance relative to exfoliated, single-crystal graphene. However, the electrical properties of GBs have so far been addressed indirectly without simultaneous knowledge of their locations and structures. We present electrical measurements on individual GBs in CVD graphene first imaged by transmission electron microscopy. Unexpectedly, the electrical conductance improves by one order of magnitude for GBs with better interdomain connectivity. Our study suggests that polycrystalline graphene with good stitching may allow for uniformly high electrical performance rivaling that of exfoliated samples, which we demonstrate using optimized growth conditions and device geometry.     

Visualizing individual nitrogen dopants in monolayer graphene

In monolayer graphene, substitutional doping during growth can be used to alter its electronic properties. We used scanning tunneling microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray spectroscopy, and first principles calculations to characterize individual nitrogen dopants in monolayer graphene grown on a copper substrate. Individual nitrogen atoms were incorporated as graphitic dopants, and a fraction of the extra electron on each nitrogen atom was delocalized into the graphene lattice. The electronic structure of nitrogen-doped graphene was strongly modified only within a few lattice spacings of the site of the nitrogen dopant. These findings show that chemical doping is a promising route to achieving high-quality graphene films with a large carrier concentration.     

Control of exciton fluxes in an excitonic integrated circuit

Efficient signal communication uses photons. Signal processing, however, uses an optically inactive medium, electrons. Therefore, an interconnection between electronic signal processing and optical communication is required at the integrated circuit level. We demonstrated control of exciton fluxes in an excitonic integrated circuit. The circuit consists of three exciton optoelectronic transistors and performs operations with exciton fluxes, such as directional switching and merging. Photons transform into excitons at the circuit input, and the excitons transform into photons at the circuit output. The exciton flux from the input to the output is controlled by a pattern of the electrode voltages. The direct coupling of photons, used in communication, to excitons, used as the device-operation medium, may lead to the development of efficient exciton-based optoelectronic devices.     

两线多按键控制电路的设计

依据集成电路555构成单稳态电路的原理,设计了一种利用两根线实现多个按键控制功能电路.该电路价格低廉,可靠性高,应用广泛.     

中国高校集成电路布图设计的现状分析

对中国高校的集成电路布图设计登记量进行了统计与分析,总结了存在的问题,并提出了促进高校开展集成电路布图设计研究的建议。     

Microprocessors: from desktops to supercomputers

Continuing improvements in integrated circuit technology and computer architecture have driven microprocessors to performance levels that rival those of supercomputers-at a fraction of the price. The use of sophisticated memory hierarchies enables microprocessor-based machines to have very large memories built from commodity dynamic random access memory while retaining the high bandwidth and low access time needed in a high-performance machine. Parallel processors composed of these high-performance microprocessors are becoming the supercomputing technology of choice for scientific and engineering applications. The challenges for these new supercomputers have been in developing multiprocessor architectures that are easy to program and that deliver high performance without extraordinary programming efforts by users. Recent progress in multiprocessor architecture has led to ways to meet these challenges.     

Chaotic Dirac billiard in graphene quantum dots

The exceptional electronic properties of graphene, with its charge carriers mimicking relativistic quantum particles and its formidable potential in various applications, have ensured a rapid growth of interest in this new material. We report on electron transport in quantum dot devices carved entirely from graphene. At large sizes (>100 nanometers), they behave as conventional single-electron transistors, exhibiting periodic Coulomb blockade peaks. For quantum dots smaller than 100 nanometers, the peaks become strongly nonperiodic, indicating a major contribution of quantum confinement. Random peak spacing and its statistics are well described by the theory of chaotic neutrino billiards. Short constrictions of only a few nanometers in width remain conductive and reveal a confinement gap of up to 0.5 electron volt, demonstrating the possibility of molecular-scale electronics based on graphene.     

Scaling up digital circuit computation with DNA strand displacement cascades

To construct sophisticated biochemical circuits from scratch, one needs to understand how simple the building blocks can be and how robustly such circuits can scale up. Using a simple DNA reaction mechanism based on a reversible strand displacement process, we experimentally demonstrated several digital logic circuits, culminating in a four-bit square-root circuit that comprises 130 DNA strands. These multilayer circuits include thresholding and catalysis within every logical operation to perform digital signal restoration, which enables fast and reliable function in large circuits with roughly constant switching time and linear signal propagation delays. The design naturally incorporates other crucial elements for large-scale circuitry, such as general debugging tools, parallel circuit preparation, and an abstraction hierarchy supported by an automated circuit compiler.     

基于PVDF双压电薄膜的油菜播种监测系统的设计与试验

针对苏南地区油菜播种一体机作业过程中种子监测困难的问题,设计了一种基于PVDF双压电薄膜的油菜单粒精密播种机播种性能监测系统。系统通过播种机安装在测速轮上的编码器采集机具作业速度,结合设定的目标播量,得到理论排种间距,采用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜监测装置,采集油菜种子落粒数。为了滤除机器振动信号干扰,设置参照压电薄膜,通过逻辑运算模块降低振动干扰,采用施密特电路迟滞原理消除比较器抖动干扰。系统采用STM32F103VBT6单片机作为中央处理器,结合设定的理论株距、相邻脉冲电压信号的时间间隔与播种机前进速度,计算得出播种量、排种速度、漏播率与重播率等性能指标。试验台试验表明,在26.5~42.2 r/min排种轴转速下,系统对排种量的检测精度不低于96.4%,漏播检测精度高于95.8%,重播检测精度高于98.4%;振动频率8~16 Hz条件下,系统播量检测精度高于95.2%。     

基于无线通信技术的温控系统的研究与设计

针对西部农业设施需求,以开发一套性能可靠,低成本,构建灵活,易升级的温室测控系统为目标,在借鉴国内外在温室测控系统研究中的成功经验基础上,将无线通信技术应用于温室群的测控系统中,提出了一种新型温室测控系统方案,在此基础完成了其硬件和软件开发。详细阐述了该方案组成及相关传感器电路和控制电路的设计,该设计系统具有性能可靠、成本低、构建灵活、易升级等特点,有良好的推广前景。     

用瞬间成型语音集成电路HY061构成的PC机语音板

ＨＹ０６１是一种简单实用的瞬间成型语音集成电路。用它设计构成的ＰＣ机语音板、不需任何存储器及单片机控制电路，语音清晰，电路简单并可组合多段语音输出，完全满足工业监测中需要输出语音的要求。     

Interaction-driven spectrum reconstruction in bilayer graphene

The nematic phase transition in electronic liquids, driven by Coulomb interactions, represents a new class of strongly correlated electronic ground states. We studied suspended samples of bilayer graphene, annealed so that it achieves very high quasiparticle mobilities (greater than 10(6) square centimers per volt-second). Bilayer graphene is a truly two-dimensional material with complex chiral electronic spectra, and the high quality of our samples allowed us to observe strong spectrum reconstructions and electron topological transitions that can be attributed to a nematic phase transition and a decrease in rotational symmetry. These results are especially surprising because no interaction effects have been observed so far in bilayer graphene in the absence of an applied magnetic field.     

高精度大尺寸硅晶片的双面研磨抛光机改进设计

随着IC设计技术和制造技术的发展和进步,集成电路芯片的集成度在不断提高,芯片密度呈指数增长趋势。硅晶片作为集成电路芯片的主要材料,尺寸越来越大。在分析国内双面抛光机典型机型原理和特点的基础上,针对运用于大尺寸甚至是直径400 mm的硅晶片,提出高精度双面研磨抛光机在机械结构和控制系统等方面的改进措施,很好地解决了国内目前对大尺寸硅晶片加工难、加工精度不高等难题。     

模糊控制理论在特种养殖中的应用

将模糊控制理论应用到特种养殖中，阐述了模糊控制在单片控制系统中的实现方法，介绍了由多个集成温度传感器、模拟开关，A／D转换器ICL7109组成的多点数据采样电路、显示接口电路以及由译码器组成的可控硅驱动控制电路。