菠萝叶纤维与其它植物纤维的吸湿性能对比测试及分析

利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试方法对菠萝叶纤维、亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维和棉花纤维的微观形态结构进行了分析。分析认为:菠萝叶纤维的形态结构有区别于其它三种植物纤维,有较大的比表面积;菠萝叶纤维的结晶度与亚麻纤维和苎麻纤维接近,高于棉花纤维。在热带标准状态下,采用烘箱干燥法和回归模型分析法,对测试的四种进行了吸湿、放湿测试与分析。结果表明:在吸湿性能方面,菠萝叶纤维表现最佳,棉花纤维最差;在纤维吸湿平衡回潮率和吸湿速率方面,菠萝叶纤维与亚麻纤维和苎麻纤维相近,且高于棉花纤维;在纤维放湿平衡回潮率和放湿速率方面,菠萝叶纤维高于亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维和棉花纤维。     

竹炭纤维与聚乳酸纤维混纺纱

分析竹炭纤维和聚乳酸纤维的性能特点及现有竹炭纤维和聚乳酸纤维混纺纱产品,提出了开发竹炭/聚乳酸纤维混纺纱及其值得注意的问题,在此基础上,对其混纺纱研究前景进行了展望.     

纳米纤维材料及纳米功能纺织品

该项目的研究,在国内率先形成了纳米功能纤维及纳米功能纺织品的工业化生产,满足了市场对功能纤维和功能纺织品的需求,从制造功能纤维入手生产功能纺织品,大大地提高了功能效果的耐久性。使用纳米技术制备功能纤维,可不影响纤维的纺丝性能,添加量少即有优异的功能性,且不影响纤维的其他性能,减少了添加剂对纺丝设备的磨损。我们现已筛选、制备了适用于纤维应用的纳米功能材料,研究了纳米粉体添加至纤维中的最佳工艺,制造出纳米抗菌干法腈纶以及抗菌、抗紫外线和远红外腈纶、涤纶功能母粒及纤维;研究了纳米材料用于纺织品整理的配方和工艺。     

美洲黑杨×青杨F_2代基本材性性状遗传变异研究

利用美洲黑杨×青杨杂交三代谱系探索了木材密度、纤维长、纤维宽、纤维长宽比和微纤丝角等性状的遗传变异规律。结果表明:基本密度与纤维长受主基因的控制,表现为"质量-数量性状",其杂种优势明显且在F2代中继续存在;纤维宽与微纤丝角表现出较为典型的微效多基因控制的数量性状遗传特点;纤维宽与基本密度、纤维宽与纤维长宽比均为显著负相关;基本密度与纤维长和微纤丝角均为弱负相关,与纤维长宽比为弱正相关;纤维长和纤维宽、纤维长和纤维长宽比显著相关;而微纤丝角与纤维长、纤维宽和纤维长宽比之间不相关。     

杉木纸浆材无性系选择研究

经过16a对杉木无性系材积、单株干物质、单株纤维量、纤维长、纤维宽、纤维长宽比、纤维含量、木材密度的变异规律和各性状间的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明：无性系间各性状存在极显著差异,纤维长、宽不受立地影响。材积、纤维含量、木材密度对单株纤维量贡献率分别为61．7％、22．6％、15．7％。各性状遗传力0．51～0．68。选出了长纤维型造纸材优良无性系12个、中纤维型造纸材优良无性系4个、适合立地条件较差的造纸材优良无性系4个。     

竹原纤维的性能及开发

简要论述了竹原纤维的概念,从化学组成、结构形态、物理性能以及生物体调节等方面阐述了竹原纤维的性能,介绍了竹原纤维在纺织、功能性配件及工程类材料等领域的应用,展望了竹原纤维未来的研究方向。     

静电纤维过滤网的开发与应用研究

阐述了静电纤维过滤网的应用研究现状,重点分析了静电纤维过滤网在空调器中应用,探讨了静电纤维过滤网在空调器中应用的发展前景。     

木本纺织纤维的概念及主要构成树种

首次提出木本纺织纤维的中文、英文名词及其木本纺织纤维的概念,提供了构成木本纺织纤维的3个主树种,并就其特性、用途等进行了阐述。命名了水晶棉、山地棉2个木本纺织纤维的商品名。     

CNCs增强PCL复合纤维支架的静电纺丝制备及其性能表征

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚己内酯(PCL)纤维支架,并将酸水解制得的纤维素纳米晶体(CNCs)作为增强体,制备了不同CNCs加载量的CNCs/PCL复合纤维支架,以提高PCL纤维支架的力学性能,并探讨了CNCs对PCL纤维支架细胞相容性的影响。结果表明:最佳增强条件是m(CNCs)/m(PCL)为5.25%,在该条件下制备的复合纤维支架(CNCs-5.25/PCL)最大应力和断裂伸长与纯PCL纤维支架相比分别提高了291%和320%。复合纤维支架上成功培养了成人胰腺导管癌细胞(Panc-1)和肝细胞(HL7702);对成人胰腺导管癌细胞在PCL及CNCs/PCL复合纤维支架上的增殖速率进行的单因素方差分析表明,CNCs没有增大PCL复合纤维支架的细胞毒性。CNCs可以作为静电纺PCL纤维支架的增强材料,制备具有良好力学性能和细胞相容性的纳米复合纤维支架,为CNCs在组织工程中的应用提供了理论依据。     

废弃MDF纤维的解离及其表面物理特征

为解决废弃MDF的再循环利用问题,采用蒸煮法解离废弃MDF的纤维,并与工厂制备的新鲜MDF纤维进行比较,分析纤维形态与物理外观.结果表明,回收的废弃MDF纤维的形态略差于工厂制备纤维,废弃MDF纤维表面包裹有一层胶黏荆.根据分析,作者就进一步研究利用废弃的MDF纤维提出了建议.     

竹Lyocell纤维研制工艺探讨

该文叙述了竹Lyocell纤维研制过程中碰到的几个技术问题,包括原料纤维素浆的选择、溶剂氧化甲基吗啉的合成、纤维素浆的溶解和纺丝工艺、溶剂回用与纯化、制胶和纺丝设备等,探索了制造竹Lyocell纤维的技术可行性,为竹纤维产品的开发和生产提供科学依据.     

Fibre losses during debranching and debarking of Eucalyptus pulp logs using a single-grip harvester

Mechanised harvesting operations are becoming more prevalent in South Africa, with the realisation that motor- manual and manual harvesting operations pose significant health and safety risks to workers. However, the potential damage caused by single-grip harvester feed rollers and delimbing knives on the log surface during debranching and debarking of eucalypts pulp logs may negatively affect fibre recovery as opposed to manually debarked logs, which show little or no log surface damage. Compared with manual debarking, this study investi- gated the influence of two mechanised debarking treatments on wood fibre loss on eucalypt log assortments debarked by harvester head feed rollers and delimbing knives. The two mechanised debarking treatments consisted of three and five feed roller passes along the stem surface. In addition to quantifying the magnitude of this fibre loss, a financial evaluation was done to calculate the value of these losses. The three- and five-pass debarking treatments caused significant fibre losses of 1.425 green tonnes per hectare (gt ha?1) and 2.275 gt ha?1, respec- tively, as opposed to manually debarked logs, which produced no fibre losses. Wood fibre losses in terms of total potential (or available) wood mass for three- and five-pass mechanically debarked trees were 1.06% and 1.70%, respectively. These represent a fibre value loss of R441.75 ha?1 and R705.25 ha?1 for three- and five-pass operations, respectively. For the 6.48 million gt y?1 currently mechanically debarked for the South African pulp and paper industry, this equates to fibre value losses of R21.36 million and R34.10 million annually for three- and five-pass operations, respectively.     

冀南野生纤维资源植物的研究与利用

河北省南部地区产野生纤维资源植物97种,隶属26科。该文对其中分布较广或用途较大或质量较好的31种重要资源植物作了较详细的介绍。文末对冀南野生纤维植物资源的开发利用问题作了讨论。     

速生灌木沙柳的纤维形态及解剖结构研究

采用光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)并结合Kajaan i FS200分析仪研究了沙柳(Salix psamm ophilaC.W ang et Ch.Y.Yang)的纤维形态和解剖结构。结果表明:沙柳主要由导管、木纤维、木射线薄壁细胞及少量轴向薄壁细胞组成。沙柳属于阔叶木散孔材,年轮界限明显,木射线单列同型、导管上的纹孔排列方式较复杂。通过与毛白杨、麦草和红松的形态学参数比较研究发现,沙柳虽然属于短纤维,纤维平均长度为0.52 mm,但是其纤维含量较高,纤维形态良好,长宽比值较大,壁腔比值较小,有助于在打浆抄纸过程中形成纤维间良好的结合,提高纸张的物理强度,是良好的造纸原料。     

Understanding and adding value to Eucalyptus fibre

Eucalyptus wood has become one of the most important hardwood resources for pulp mills worldwide. Furthermore, bleached Eucalyptus pulp is used extensively both in paper-making globally where it is included in such diverse products as tissue, packaging, as well as printing papers and in chemical cellulose products such as viscose, acetate and microcrystalline cellulose. This paper investigates and highlights the physical and chemical attributes of the wood and pulp fibre from Eucalyptus that contribute to its popularity in the pulp and paper-making industries and to suggest how these can be enhanced or conserved in the manufacturing process to add maximum value. The fibre properties of macerated wood samples from a range of Eucalyptus species used commercially in South Africa are compared with those of North American hardwoods such as birch, maple and aspen. In comparison to the American hardwoods, the Eucalyptus species were found to have short and thin fibres (on average, fibre length from 0.6 to 0.8 mm and fibre width between 15 and 17 μm, compared with 0.6–1.4 mm and 17–30 μm, respectively, for the American hardwoods. This particular combination of dimensions for the Eucalyptus fibre produces a low fibre coarseness, which is a highly desirable attribute for products such as coated and uncoated papers. The Eucalyptus fibre is therefore reasonably fragile and this makes it particularly vulnerable to damage during the pulp and bleaching processes. Fibre damage occurs throughout the pulp process but is most severe in the mechanical sections such as digester blowing, high shear mixers, medium- and high-consistency pumps as well as low-consistency refining. These areas are highlighted in this paper and possibilities for fibre conservation are discussed.     

互花米草化学性质和纤维形态分析

对不同生长时期的互花米草的化学性质和纤维形态进行测定与分析,结果表明:随生长期的增长,互花米草综纤维素与木质素含量逐渐增加,而各种抽出物含量呈减少趋势,成熟的互花米草综纤维素含量与马尾松木材相近.秆部位的综纤维素和木质素含量最高;互花米草原料pH值呈中性或弱碱性,秆部位酸碱缓冲容量最低,梢部位则较高;互花米草秆部位的表皮和叶部位二氧化硅含量较高.互花米草纤维属于中等长度纤维,纤维大小等级为细.     

Modelling the influence of stand structural,edaphic and climatic influences on juvenile Pinus radiata fibre length

The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of site, fertilisation and age on fibre length and develop predictive models of fibre length from a comprehensive set of climatic, edaphic and stand variables. Data were collected from a nationwide set of 22 site quality plots where Pinus radiata D. Don was established at high stand densities (40 000 stems ha⁻¹) and grown over a period of 4 years. The main environmental drivers of fibre length were identified by assessing the strength of bivariate correlations and use of multiple regression. Path analysis was used as an extension to multiple regression to separate cause from effect and quantify the direct influence of variables significantly related to fibre length.     

小麦秸秆含量对石灰保温砌块变形量的影响研究

在实验室条件下,按不同秸秆配比压制了8种含有小麦秸秆的石灰砌块。对其尺寸变化量进行研究的结果表明,小麦秸秆含量主要影响砌块的粘弹性性质,砌块变形量随着秸秆配比的增大而变大;秸秆配比相同时,砌块高度方向的变形量最大,宽度大于长度,长度和宽度方向的变形量接近。     

Methods for the determination of wood properties,Kraft pulp yield and wood fibre dimensions on small wood samples.

A trial set-up with methods for sampling, treatment and analysis of small wood chips are presented in this paper, to determine important wood and fibre properties, like basic density, dry density, volume swelling of wood, Kraft pulp yield, fibre length, fibre coarseness, fibre width, lumen width and fibre wall thickness. The required time for one sample is about 1.5 man-hour, but this requires relatively larger series and trained personnel. Acceptable measurement accuracy is achieved when the volume of the wood sample is at least 1.5 ml, except that of wood volume swelling. To gain acceptable measurement accuracy for volume swelling, the wood volume should be increased to at least 3 ml, and preferably more than 5–6 ml per sample. The level of pulp yield and wood density do not show a significant effect on the measurement accuracy for fibre cross-section dimensions. Fibre coarseness, on the other hand, has a significant influence on these accuracies. A double measurement of fibre coarseness will improve the accuracy to an acceptable level. The method presented here may, together with information about trees and growth locations, form the basis for greater insight into the mechanisms involved in development of wood and fibre properties in trees, which in turn may provide better control and utilisation of wood for pulp and paper production.Abbreviations CWD cell wall density in dry wood=1500 kg/m³ - Ww dry weight of wood (kg) - Vmax green (wet) volume of wood (m³) - Vmin dry volume of wood (m³) - BD basic wood density (kg/m³) - DD dry wood density (kg/m³) - VS maximum volume swelling of wood (%) - Wp dry weight of pulp (kg) - PY pulp yield (%) - C fibre coarseness, the average weight of a unit length of fibre (g/m) - CL average chip length (mm) - CWT average cell wall thickness (m) - FW average fibre width (m) - l average native fibre length in solid wood - L chip length - lc average fibre length in wood chip (mm) - Lc length-weighted fibre length in wood chip (mm) - lw native average fibre length in wood (mm) - Lw native length-weighted fibre length in wood (mm) - LW average lumen width (m) - llw average native fibre length, length weighted, in wood - X average fibre length in chip - Xlw average fibre length, length weighted, in chip