不同繁殖季节驴卵母细胞体外成熟与孤雌激活胚胎发育情况研究

为了研究驴在繁殖与非繁殖季节卵母细胞体外成熟与孤雌激活胚胎发育情况,试验以3—9月份为繁殖季节,其他月份为难繁殖季节,从屠宰场采集驴卵巢,统计分析不同繁殖季节卵巢形状的差异,采用抽吸法和切割法获取卵母细胞,并对卵母细胞进行体外成熟诱导,对成熟的卵母细胞进行孤雌激活,分析激活胚胎的发育情况。结果表明:繁殖季节与非繁殖季节卵巢形状差异明显。在繁殖季节,卵巢内卵泡液增多且卵泡体积变大,导致卵巢体积增大,总卵泡、中卵泡、小卵泡数量显著多于非繁殖季节(P0.05);繁殖季节卵母细胞回收率为85.38%,非繁殖季节卵母细胞回收率为72.18%,两者差异显著(P0.05);繁殖季节驴卵母细胞体外培养成熟率为50.10%,非繁殖季节时成熟率为34.74%,两者差异显著(P0.05);繁殖季节卵裂率为31.0%,非繁殖季节卵裂率为29.0%,两者无显著差异(P0.05)。说明繁殖季节卵母细胞体外成熟情况优于非繁殖季节,非繁殖季节较难获得成熟卵母细胞,但是获得成熟卵母细胞激活发育后无明显差异。     

在繁殖季节与非繁殖季节以小尾寒羊为受体进行冷冻胚胎移植的对比试验

在繁殖季节10月和非繁殖季节4月,利用萨福克、无角道塞特和边区莱斯特品种羊的冷冻胚胎,以小尾寒羊为受体进行胚胎移植,结果如下：受体羊的同期发情率在繁殖季节10月和非繁殖季节4月分别达82.8%和76.1%,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;受体羊利用率分别为91.7%和81.5%,差异显著（P<0.05）;胚胎受胎率分别为54.5%和52.3%,胚胎利用率分别为51.6%和50.3%,差异不显著（P＞0.05）。     

不同繁殖季节规模化胚胎移植受体羊同期发情处理研究

为了研究繁殖与非繁殖季节大规模羊胚胎移植最优同期发情处理方法,依据繁殖季节与非繁殖季节每个处理成本及结果对现有主要绵羊同期发情方法进行了对比。结果表明:在繁殖季节,海绵栓+PMSG250U+PG组获得同期发情率最高93.33%,与海绵栓组差异显著(P0.05),移植受胎率各组间差异不显著(P0.05),但成本较高。2次PG处理组鲜胚移植受胎率最高68.68%,与海绵栓+PG组、海绵栓+PMSG250U+PG组差异不显著(P0.05)。在非繁殖季节,海绵栓+PMSG500U+PG处理方法获得同期发情率最高91.36%,与海绵栓+PMSG250U+PG、海绵栓+PMSG500U组差异极显著(P0.01),鲜胚移植受胎率差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示:在繁殖季节2次PG注射法效果较优,非繁殖季节海绵栓+PMSG500U+PG法结果较好。     

中国林蛙产油率估测方法的探讨

为了解决林蛙输卵管难以直接度量的问题 ,并为中国林蛙的产油率、育种选择等方面的工作提供一种较直观的估测方法 ,通过屠宰试验测定了相关数据 ,并对其左右输卵管的重量进行了显著性比较 ,结果表明 ,林蛙左右输卵管的重量无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;林蛙左右输卵管重量之和与体重间存在着极显著的正相关 (r=0 78) ,并建立了回归方程 (y =2 19+41 84x)。     

季节对绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟及胚胎发育能力的影响

试验采用梯度LH与E2的作用浓度比较卵母细胞的体外成熟率,并采用添加7.0μg/mLLH、1.3μg/mLE2研究季节性对绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟及胚胎发育能力的影响。结果表明:①LH与E2的作用浓度对非繁殖季节(5月)卵母细胞成熟率影响差异不显著(P>0.05),但以添加LH7.0μg/mL、E21.3μg/mL组卵母细胞成熟率较好。②LH与E2的作用浓度对繁殖季节(12月)卵母细胞成熟率影响差异不显著(P>0.05),以LH10.0μg/mL与E21.3μg/mL时卵母细胞成熟率较好。③湖羊和其他季节性发情绵羊卵母细胞的成熟率在繁殖季节(72.08%vs69.82%)与非繁殖季节(67.89%vs65.79%)差异不显著(P>0.05),但以繁殖季节的成熟率较高。④湖羊的卵母细胞在非繁殖季节与繁殖季节胚胎卵裂率(72.28%vs75.43%)、桑葚胚率(36.14%vs34.97%)差异不显著(P>0.05),繁殖季节囊胚率比非繁殖季节囊胚率偏高(16.18%vs14.40%)。     

季节因素对山羊卵母细胞成熟的影响

季节对回收卵巢卵母细胞有一定的影响。繁殖季节卵巢卵母细胞体外培养的成熟率显著高于非繁殖季节(P<0.05)。季节对超排效果好及效果一般的山羊在排卵点数和冲出的成熟卵母细胞数上差异不显著,但对未发情山羊的排卵点数和冲出的成熟卵母细胞数差异显著(P<0.05)。     

外源性褪黑激素对和田公羊精液品质的影响

为研究外源性褪黑激素对和田公羊精液品质的影响,在非繁殖季节(6月)将20只和田公羊分为4组,每组5只,其中1组为对照组,3个试验组分别按照每只羊10、20、30 mg 3个剂量皮下埋植褪黑激素;在繁殖季节(10月)将20只和田公羊随机分为对照组和试验组,每组10只,试验组每只羊在皮下埋植褪黑激素20 mg。结果表明:在非繁殖季节,试验组的精子活力、密度显著高于对照组(P0.05),其中埋植20 mg褪黑激素试验组的精子活力与其他试验组之间均存在显著差异(P0.05);而在繁殖季节,试验组与对照组公羊精液在射精量、精子密度、活力和畸形率的差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果表明在皮下埋植褪黑激素能够显著提高非繁殖季节和田公羊精液品质,但在繁殖季节则无明显影响。     

萨福克、无角陶赛特肉用公羊不同季节射精量的分析

纯种肉羊萨福克、无角陶赛特公羊在不同季节的采精量中分析得出,7月底前平均采精量0.847 ml,8月初后平均采精量1.009 ml,两者相差0.162 ml,差异极显著,萨福克公羊7月底前平均采精量0.81 ml,8月初后平均采精量0.999 ml,相差0.189 ml,差异极显著,说明了肉用公羊在繁殖季节和非繁殖季节其生产性能有很大的差别.     

双峰母驼肌肉中TPM2与TPM3表达模式及对肌纤维细胞凋亡的影响

为了验证原肌球蛋白2(TPM2)与原肌球蛋白3(TPM3)在繁殖季节和非繁殖季节双峰母驼不同肌肉组织(平滑肌、骨骼肌、心肌)中的具体差异表达情况,揭示TPM2肌纤维细胞中的分布以及敲低后对其凋亡的影响,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和蛋白免疫印迹,分别对TPM2和TPM3对应的mRNA及蛋白在繁殖季节和非繁殖季节双峰母驼不同肌肉组织的表达进行分析,结合免疫荧光技术检测TPM2在细胞中定位情况,设计TPM2-siRNA序列瞬时转染双峰驼肌纤维细胞,检测0 h、24 h、48 h时促凋亡蛋白(Bax)和细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)的表达情况。结果显示,繁殖季节双峰驼肌肉组织中TPM2与TPM3对应的mRNA的表达极显著高于非繁殖季节(P0.01),蛋白的表达显著高于非繁殖季节(P0.05);TPM2与TPM3对应的mRNA和蛋白在繁殖季节与非繁殖季节骨骼肌肌肉组织中的表达量均极显著高于同期其他组织(P0.01);肌纤维细胞敲低TPM2基因后,Bax基因表达上调,Bcl-2基因表达下调。TPM2与TPM3在繁殖季节各肌肉中的表达高于非繁殖季节肌肉组织,且在同期中表现出它们在骨骼肌中表达量较高的规律,敲低TPM2基因,能促进肌纤维细胞凋亡。     

辽宁绒山羊不同季节超排效果的研究

将28只辽宁绒山羊随机分成2组即繁殖季节组(9~11月,17只)和非繁殖季节组(4~7月,11只),采用CIDR FSH PG超数排卵处理方法进行超数排卵处理。结果表明:辽宁绒山羊在非繁殖季节、繁殖季节的超排效果即供体羊平均黄体数、平均回收胚数、平均可用胚数分别为15.88±1.33枚、11.18±0.93枚、9.53±0.75枚和13.45±1.77枚、11.91±1.64枚、8.00±1.00枚,非繁殖季节超排效果稍低于繁殖季节,两个处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

中国林蛙皮肤抗菌肽基因的cDNA克隆

抗菌蛋白蛙皮抗菌肽，是两栖类动物中存在的天然免疫物质，在蛙类中仍然保持着一定的活性。我们用提取中国林蛙皮肤总RNA，逆转录合成cDNA，PCR扩增得到DNA片段，并与GenBank上登陆的其他蛙类的皮肤抗菌肽序列进行比较，发现此序列是一个新的蛙皮肤抗菌肽序列。PCR产物与pMD18-T连接，得到阳性重组体pMD18-RTCD。将阳性重组体进行测序，分析蛙皮素的氨基酸序列，显示它属于蛙皮抗菌肽家族。此外，中国林蛙抗菌肽氨基酸序列包含C-末端残基，同时具有两栖类动物抗菌肽的特征。这些信息对将来研究两栖类动物的天然免疫的分子机制具有重要作用。为应用基因工程技术对我国林蛙抗菌肽基因进行克隆表达奠定了基础。     

Biometrics,Testosterone, Cortisol and Antler Growth Cycle in Iberian Red Deer Stags (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)

In this article, we aimed to describe the changes related to mating season in red deer, especially those related to antler growth, body condition score, testosterone and cortisol. Antler growth was studied in 17 Iberian red deer males, including body weight, antler length, biometric measures and testosterone and cortisol determination during 15 months. Body weight, body condition score, thoracic perimeter (TP), neck perimeter (NL) and testicular diameter (TD) showed the highest values immediately before mating season (autumn), decreased during it and remained constant at winter. Antler growth lasted 158 days and produced antlers with a final length of 80.8 ± 2.0 cm. Testosterone and cortisol showed seasonal changes with maximum values at September and May, respectively. Final antler size was related positively to cranial longitude, TP, NL, TD and body weight at casting time. No relationship between weight loss during precedent mating season and current antler size was found, but spring recovery weight was positively related to final antler size. Final length was related to the descent in testosterone values during previous mating season and to body weight before it. Spring recovery weight was related to relative weight loss during previous mating season. These results suggest that there is no relationship between the reproductive effort performed during one season and the next year size of the antler. In contrast, antler size was positively related to spring recovery weight, in the sense that those deer that recover a higher percentage of body weight at the early stages of antler growth develop higher antlers.     

Reproductive Maturation in the Male Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx): A Study on 55 Reproductive Organs Collected from Carcasses During 2002–2005

Data on reproductive physiology from the Eu rasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ) are still scarce. The lynx is protected under Swedish hunting legislation. All lynx that are found dead or that are culled at hunting are to be sent to the Swedish National Veterinary Institute. In this study, we examined reproductive organs from 55 male lynx collected during the years 2002–2005. Age, body weight, testicular weight and volume, production of spermatozoa, and sperm viability were evaluated. The majority of the animals (39) had been killed in February and March, which is during the hunting season. The ages varied between 6 months and 17 years, body weight between 3.6 and 25.5 kg, and mean testes weight between 0.16 and 3.16 g. The gonadosomatic index was low compared with other species (approximately 0.02% in mature males). Mean testes weight differed significantly between males <12 months of age and all other age groups but did not differ between males of 18–23 months and older males. Spermatozoa could be collected but had lost most of their viability. Seven of 10 males of 18–23 months were fertile, as defined by the production of spermatozoa while no males ≤15 months of age were fertile. Adherence of the prepuce to the penis and absence of penile spines were associated with immaturity. The results indicate that most males are fertile during the reproductive season of their second year.     

不同分娩季节对齐卡新西兰兔产仔性状的影响

为探讨分娩季节对母兔产仔性能的影响,利用2010-2013年度665只齐卡新西兰母兔共计1 649窝次的产仔性能记录,按不同分娩季节进行了比较分析.结果表明：分娩季节极显著影响齐卡新西兰母兔的产仔性状（P＜0.01）,其中春季产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重以及初生个体重均为最高,秋季产仔数和产活仔数较低,夏季初生窝重和初生个体重最小.由于产仔数是繁殖性能最重要的衡量指标,研究表明,齐卡新西兰母兔繁殖的最佳季节为春季.     

Review of the Results of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Breeding at a Large-Scale Hatchery

Long‐term data on the induced spawning of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) at a large‐scale hatchery were evaluated. Breeders at the farm prefer medium‐size fish with body weights between 4 and 8 kg. The number of females selected for propagation in the first period of the spawning season made up about half of the total number of females (47.5%). The average spawning ratio from the data of 2620 females receiving hormonal injections was 79.8%. From the egg production data of 2086 females, the average pseudogonadosomatic index (PGSI) was calculated as 16.3 ± 5.87% (mean ± SD) for the same period. There was a high correlation between fish weight and the time of induction, determined by the breeder on the basis of secondary sexual characteristics. The similarity of the responses of females among the different weight categories proved the reliability of this method for identification. The time of induction has a significant effect on both the responsiveness of the females and the relative quantity of eggs released. Spawning ratio was significantly lower in the third period of the reproductive season, compared with those in the first and second period. Mean PGSIfor the third period was significantly lower than that for the first period. The considerable decrease of both reproductive parameters by the end of the spawning season is attributed to ovarian atresia. The spawning ratio and the mean PGSIfor the mirror and scaled varieties were similar.     

达乌尔黄鼠精子形成和细胞色素芳香化酶免疫位置的季节变化

用组织学和免疫组织化学方法调查达乌尔黄鼠精子形成季节性变化和细胞色素芳香化酶(P450 arom)在精巢和附睾中的免疫位置。黄鼠繁殖期与非繁殖期精巢大小、重量、生精小管直径存在显著差异;黄鼠繁殖期精巢中存在从精原细胞到有尾精子各期生殖细胞,非繁殖期精巢中只存在精原细胞和初级精母细胞。另外,繁殖期黄鼠附睾管中存在大量有尾精子,而非繁殖期附睾中未见精子存在。繁殖期P450 arom在黄鼠精巢的间质细胞、支持细胞、精子细胞和附睾头部输出小管上皮细胞都有发现,而在非繁殖期没有发现它的活力。这些结果表明达乌尔黄鼠精子形成、成熟是伴随着精巢复发和退行呈现显著季节性变化,雌激素在精子形成和成熟过程中起着重要的生理性作用。     

Variance components for live weight, body measurements and reproductive traits of pair-mated ostrich females

Estimates of genetic parameters for reproductive traits, live weight and body measurements were obtained using data from a pair-mated ostrich flock at Oudtshoorn in South Africa. Reproductive traits included total egg and chick production, along with hatchability percentage. Live weight, chest circumference and tail circumferences were recorded at the commencement and cessation of breeding. Heritability estimates (h(2)) were 0.23 for egg production, 0.20 for chick production, 0.10 for hatchability, 0.20 to 0.34 for live weight, 0.12 for chest circumference and 0.30 to 0.38 for tail circumference. Female permanent environmental effects (c(2)) amounted to 0.18 for egg production, 0.18 for chick production, 0.21 for hatchability, 0.32 to 0.36 for live weight and 0.23 to 0.32 for chest circumference. Service sire exerted significant effects only on hatchability (0.22) and subsequently chick production (0.09). Genetic correlations of reproductive traits with live weight were low to moderate, variable in sign, and did not differ significantly from zero. Correlations between live weight recorded at the beginning and end of the breeding season were unity for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Egg and chick production were highly correlated genetically and phenotypically, with the genetic correlation exceeding the theoretical limit. In unconstrained analyses, hatchability was positively related to chick production, including at the service sire level. Selection gains in the current flock and future generations are likely. No significant adverse relationships were found between live weight, body measurements and reproductive traits.     

Conception rate at first insemination in beef cattle: effects of season, age and previous reproductive performance

The effects of season, age at previous parturition, and whether the female was retained because she failed to conceive or be detected in estrus during the previous breeding season were analyzed for first-service conception rate in beef cattle. Twelve years of reproductive data on females that were at least 50% Simmental were obtained from a single farm. All females detected in estrus were artificially inseminated during 42-d breeding seasons (52 d for heifers), starting either in June or November. The data, consisting of 9,071 first-service records, were described by a logit model and parameters were estimated using weighted least squares procedures. Age and previous reproductive performance (whether the female had failed to conceive or be detected in estrus during the previous breeding season) significantly affected first-service conception rate, as did the interaction between the two factors. Season of insemination, when considered across all other effects, did not influence first-service conception rate, but the interaction of season and previous reproductive performance was significant, as was the three-way interaction between season, age and previous reproductive performance. Except for those calving at 2.5 yr of age, females that were inseminated in the winter subsequent to parturition in the fall had the highest first-service conception rates. Those that did not conceive during the breeding season subsequent to parturition and were carried over to the following season had lower first-service conception rates, with the lowest being for females carried over to the winter breeding season.     

中国林蛙蝌蚪期饲料配方的研究

为研究一种适合林蛙蝌蚪生长的饲料配方,试验选用林蛙蝌蚪受精卵共800只,分为4个大组,每大组设两个重复,共8个小组,分别饲养在8个水盆中,每盆100只。试验对比研究了蛋白质含量分别为37.765%、31.628%、23.535%及11.562%的4种饲料。试验结果表明,饲喂蛋白质含量为23.535%的一组蝌蚪重量最大,体长最长,发育的也最为良好。同时通过试验分析证明,从蝌蚪发育到变态前的饲料应以植物性饲料为主并适当的加入部分动物性饲料,这样才有利于蝌蚪的生长发育。此外,还提出用传统方法配制蝌蚪饲料的不足及解决的办法。