鸭病毒性肠炎病毒的提纯及其结构蛋白SDS-PAGE分析

将鸭病毒性肠炎病毒（DEV）分离株SC-1经鸭胚成纤维细胞培养增殖后，采用差速离心结合蔗糖不连续密度梯度离心法进行提纯，获得多量、纯净的完整病毒粒子。病毒粒子主要位于40％～50％蔗糖层交界处，电镜下可观察到DEV具有典型的疱疹病毒特征，完整病毒粒子由囊膜、衣壳和核芯3个部分组成，直径为170～190nm。将纯化的DEV粒子经SDS—PAGE分析，发现其结构蛋白由11种多肽组成，即VP1（190000）、VP2（136000）、VP3（106000）、VP4（88000）、VP5（75000）、VP6（68000）、VP7（56000）、VP8（48000）、VP9（42000）、VP10（38000）和VP11（32000）．其中VP1、VP2、VP3、VP6、VP8和VP9等6条蛋白区带的相对百分含量较高，约占病毒结构蛋白总量的89．04％，为DEV的主要结构多肽。     

鸭病毒性脑炎（暂定）病原分离与鉴定的初步研究

从以腹泻和腿麻痹为主要症状的康贝尔鸭肝、脾中分离到1株病毒。该病毒能适应于鸡胚、鸭胚，胚接种后不死亡，但有出血点。小鸭人工感染病毒后出现与自然病例相似的症状，并能回收到病毒。电镜观察病毒主要呈球形，有囊膜，大小约为30nm；病毒有3种结构蛋白，VP1（17KD）、VP2（41KD）和VP3（50KD），其中VP3为主要结构蛋白，病毒核酸为单链RNA。     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒对鸭胚成纤维细胞的适应性及增殖特性

为了获得适宜雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒（NGVEV）体外培养的细胞系，开展了NGVEV强毒株在鸭胚成纤维细胞（DEF）适应性和增殖特性的研究。结果表明，NGVEV强毒株经尿囊腔接种10日龄鸭胚传4代，取尿囊液接种DEF，第1代无明显细胞病变；第2代培养至72～96hDEF出现颗粒状缺失、脱落，但无典型蚀斑出现；第3代培养至96～120h，DEF形成大小不等、圆形或椭圆形的典型蚀斑；第5代以后的NGVEV可稳定适应于DEF，典型细胞病变出现于48～72h。取适应DEF的NGVEV感染DEF细胞后制作超薄切片经电镜观察，可见典型的腺病毒粒子，大小为70～90nm。NGVEV在DEF上的TCID5。值随着传代次数增加而增高，由第1代的10^1.23增加到第8代的10^8.02，最高毒价出现于96～144h，96～120h是收获病毒的最佳时间。     

番鸭细小病毒和鹅细小病毒生化及基因组特性的比较

番鸭细小病毒莆田株（MPV-P）和鹅细小病毒莆田株（GPV-P）分别感染的番鸭胚尿囊液经氯仿处理、PEG沉淀和Sepharose4B柱纯化。纯化样品在电镜下观察，均见到实心和空心2种病毒粒子。病毒粒子呈圆形，立体对称，无囊膜，直径为20-24nm。经SDS-PAGE分析，MPV和GPV均呈现3条结构蛋白带。MPV结构蛋白的相对分子质量约为VP1 89000、VP2 78000和VP3 61000，其中VP3为主要结构蛋白。GPV要相对分子质量与MPV有微小差别。MPV和GPV核酸均为单链DNA，长度约为51000bp。分别以MPV核酸和GPV核酸为模板，加到无引物的DNA聚合酶Ⅰ大片段合成体系中，合成产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳，均可见长度约为5600bp的双链DNA带，证明MPV和GPV核酸的3'末端具有发夹结构。对这2种病毒核酸及经Klenow合成的双链核酸进行限制性内切酶分析，两者的酶切结果明显不同，表明MPV和GPV核酸在一级结构上存在明显差异。以上结果证明，MPV和GPV不但在致病性上有显著养异，而且在核酸结构上也有明显差异。     

鸭2型疱疹病毒的分子生物学依据

鸭2型疱疹病毒，是一种可侵害番鸭、半番鸭等不同品种鸭的疱疹病毒科新成员，经生物学特性测定、血清学试验及致病性试验表明该病毒不同于鸭瘟病毒。采用SDS-PAGE分析表明该病毒的结构蛋白带有14条，主要结构蛋白带有7条，其分子量分别为310、163、95、79、69、39、15KD，不同于鸭瘟病毒。依据鸭瘟病毒UL6基因的序列，设计了一对引物，经PCR扩增、琼脂糖凝胶电泳表明只有鸭瘟病毒核酸提取物可扩增出大约420bp的DNA片段，而鸭2型疱疹病毒核酸提取物、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒核酸提取物和正常细胞培养物均未扩增出目的基因片段，可见鸭2型疱疹病毒与鸭瘟病毒在DNA分子水平上也存在差异。本研究揭示了该病毒与鸭瘟病毒在结构蛋白和核酸水平上的差异，进一步表明该病毒不同于鸭瘟病毒，为该病毒的确切分类提供了分子生物学依据。     

猪库布病毒与检测方法的研究进展

猪库布病毒（Kobuvirus）属于微小RNA病毒科、库布病毒属,是无囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒,病毒粒子直径为30nm。基因组大小为8．2—8．3kb,含有一个大的开放阅读框,编码一个单一的多聚蛋白。这个多聚蛋白可裂解为3种结构蛋白（VP0、VP3和VP1）和7种非结构蛋白（2A～2C和3A-3D）。     

兔出血症病毒衣壳蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达及对家兔的免疫保护效果

用RT—PCR方法扩增兔出血症病毒（RHDV）衣壳蛋白VP60基因,通过克隆、转化得到重组穿梭载体Bacmid—VP60,用此质粒转染Sf9昆虫细胞,得到重组病毒rAcV—Bac—VP60,经RT—PCR、IFA、SDS-PAGE、Western blotting、HA和HI鉴定,结果显示重组VP60蛋白在Sf9昆虫细胞中得到表达。在不加任何佐剂的情况下,用表达的蛋白免疫3月龄非RHD免疫兔,结果显示,免疫后21天,兔体内可产生抗RHDV抗体,抗体血凝抑制效价为2^6～2^7,该抗体可以抵抗血凝效价为2^10致死剂量RHDV强毒的攻击,本研究为兔病毒性出血症基因工程疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

A群猪轮状病毒G5型OSU株VP7基因的克隆及其重组杆状病毒的鉴定

利用反转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）扩增出A群猪轮状病毒（PRV）G5型OSU株长度约为1．0kb的基因片段，将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上进行测序鉴定，证明为该PRV的VP7蛋白基因，与已发表的该PRV，VP7基因序列的同源性为99．8％，将该基因黏端克隆至表达载体PblusBAChis C质粒中，酶切及PCR鉴定表明获得了PRV－VP7蛋白基因与PblueBAChisC质粒的阳性重组子，纯化该重组质粒并与线性杆状病毒DNA分子Bac-N-Blue共转染昆虫细胞sf9,5d后收获重组病毒，通过对重组杆状病毒DNA分子的酶切及PCR鉴定，确定PRV－VP7基因已正确投入，将经3次蚀斑筛选纯化后的该重组杆状病毒接种于sf9细胞大量增殖后，获得了重组杆状病毒PRV－VP7蛋白的真核表达。     

蓝舌病病毒基因产物及其生物学功能

蓝舌病病毒(bluetongue disease virus,BTV)是呼肠孤病毒科环状病毒属的双股RNA病毒,其核酸由3个大片段(L1～L3)、3个中片段(M4～M6)和4个小片段(S7～S10)等10个节段组成,分别编码7种结构多肽(VP1～VP7)和4种非结构多肽(NS1、NS2、NS3a、NS3b)。通过dsRNA基因组进行体外翻译,再根据各基因与所编码蛋白的关系,查明了各基因编码的蛋白质及其分子质量和功能。     

猪水泡病病毒VP1重组蛋白的表达及抗原性检测

本研究利用猪水泡病病毒外壳蛋白VP1基因和pGEX-4T－1质粒成功构建重组质粒pGEX-4T－1－VP1，并转入BL21（DE3）表达菌中，经IPTG诱导后通过SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳实验和考马斯亮蓝染色，结果显示在57KDu处出现特异性表达条带。经免疫印迹试验证实本研究所表达的重组蛋白VP1具有抗原性，可为利用重组蛋白VP1建立间接ELISA方法检测猪水泡病奠定基础。     

家蚕细胞质型多角体病毒的核酸结合蛋白

采用Northwestern分子杂交方法 ,研究了家蚕细胞质型多角体病毒 (BmCPV)结构蛋白质的功能 ,结果证明VP1、VP3和VP4具有与核酸结合的能力 ,暗示了VP1可能是依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶 ,在病毒核酸复制中起作用 ;VP4可能是核酸结合蛋白 ,在病毒粒子的复制包装过程中有结合核酸、促成完整病毒粒子形成的作用 ,可能是BmCPV病毒复制包装中的关键蛋白     

Temporal appearance of structural and nonstructural bluetongue viral proteins in infected cells, as determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry

The temporal appearance of 4 viral proteins was detected in bluetongue virus (BTV)-infected Vero cells by indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to BTV structural proteins VP2 and VP7 and nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2. Bluetongue viral proteins were detected at distinct intervals after inoculation of Vero cells; VP7 was first detected 3 hours after inoculation, NS1 and NS2 at 5 hours after inoculation, whereas VP2 was not detected until 8 hours after inoculation. Patterns of fluorescence varied with the fixative used, but each MAb induced a distinct pattern of fluorescence in infected cells. Flow cytometry, which was used with each of the 4 MAb, proved to be an accurate and sensitive method of detecting BTV-infected P3 mouse myeloma cells. The temporal appearance of each viral protein in BTV-infected P3 cells was similar to that detected in BTV-infected Vero cells. Advantages of flow cytometry over conventional immunofluorescence staining to detect BTV-infected cells included: (1) enumeration of the proportion of infected cells in a population; (2) further characterization of infected cells, including estimates of their viability; and (3) computer-assisted storage and analysis of data obtained.     

Screening and identification of B cell epitopes of structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1

The objective of this study was to screen and identify the B cell epitopes of structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia1. The complete amino acid sequence of all the four structural proteins (P1 region) was analyzed using the DNAStar Protean system. Seventeen peptides were predicted and selected as potential B cell epitopes. The potential B cell epitope genes were cloned into the pGEX-6P-1 plasmid, then expressed and purified. The resulting 17 glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion peptides were detected by Western blot and ELISA for evaluation of their antigenicity. Six of the 17 fusion peptides were identified successfully by sera from rabbits immunized with the purified P1 polyprotein of FMDV type Asia1. The six fusion proteins were epi1-1 (VP1:₁TTTTGESADPVT₁₂), epi1-2 (VP1:₁₇NYGGETQTARRLH₂₉), epi1-6 (VP1:₁₉₄TTQDRRKQEIIAPEKQTL₂₁₁), epi2-2 (VP2:₄₀EDAVSGPNTSG₅₀), epi3-1 (VP3:₂₆YGKVSNPPRTSFPG₃₉), and epi4-2 (VP4:₃₀YQNSMDTQLGDN₄₁). The results of this study lay a foundation for further study of the structure and function of the structural proteins and may aid in the design of an epitope vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) type Asia1. This study has also shown that the bioinformatics method, in combination with molecular biology methods can be used to map the B cell epitopes on viral proteins.     

鹿流行性出血病毒分子生物学研究进展

鹿流行性出血病毒是一种在全世界野生及驯养的有蹄动物中广泛存在的重要病原体.该病毒属呼肠病毒科环状病毒属,有12个血清型,是一种有10个节段(L1-L3、M4-M6、S7-S10)的双链RNA病毒,编码10个蛋白(VP1-7和NS1、NS2、NS3/NS3A).VP7蛋白具有很强的抗原性且保守性最高.VP2与病毒型特异性有关,可诱导产生中和抗体.VP3为群特异性抗原,高度保守,具有亲水性保守区域.非结构蛋白NS1、NS2和NS3/NS3A及其编码序列均相当保守.该病毒的分子生物学诊断技术主要有PCR和核酸探针杂交技术.     

African horse sickness virus structure

African horse sickness virus (AHSV), of which there are nine serotypes (AHSV-1, -2, etc.), is a member of Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family. Both in morphology and molecular constituents AHSV particles are comparable to those of bluetongue virus (BTV), the prototype virus of the genus. The two viruses have seven structural proteins (VP1–7) organized in two layered capsid. The outer capsid is composed of VP2 and VP5. The inner capsid, or core, is composed of two major proteins, VP3 and VP7, and three minor proteins, VP1, VP4 and VP6. Within the core is the virus genome. This genome consists of 10 double-stranded (ds)RNA segments of different sizes, three large, designated L1–L3, three medium, M4–M6, and four small, S7–S10. In addition to the seven stuctural proteins that are coded by seven of the RNA species, four non-structural proteins, NS1, NS2, NS3 and NS3A, are coded by three RNA segments, M5, S8 and S10. The two smallest proteins (NS3 and NS3A) are synthesized by the S10 RNA segment, probably from different in-frame translation initiation codons. Nucleotide sequences of eight RNA segments (L2, L3, M4, M5, M6, S7, S8 and S10) and the predicted amino acid sequences of the encoded gene products are also available, mainly representing one serotype, AHSV-4. In this review the properties of the AHSV genes and gene products are discussed. The sequence and hybridization analyses of the different AHSV dsRNA segments indicate that the segments that code for the core proteins, as well as those that code for NS1 and NS2 proteins, are highly conserved between the different virus serotypes. However, the RNA encoding NS3 and NS3A, and the two segments encoding the outer capsid proteins, are more variable between the AHSV serotypes. A close phylogenetic relationship between AHSV, BTV and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), three Culicoides-transmitted orbiviruses, has been revealed when the equivalent sequences of genes and gene products are compared. Recently, the four major AHSV capsid proteins have been expressed using recombinant baculoviruses. Biochemically and antigenically these proteins are similar to the authentic proteins. Since the AHSV VP7 protein is highly conserved among the different serotypes, it has been utilized as a diagnostic reagent. The expressed VP7 protein has also been purified to homogeneity and crystallized for three-dimensional X-ray analysis. The expressed outer capsid proteins, VP2 and VP5, have been purified and used to raise antisera in rabbits. The VP2 antisera neutralize virus infections in vitro indicating the importance of this protein for vaccine development.     

BTV-16四结构蛋白的共表达与病毒样颗粒的制备

目前疫苗免疫是预防蓝舌病的主要有效手段,蓝舌病病毒样颗粒(VLPs)疫苗是蓝舌病疫苗研究的热点之一.为了制备蓝舌病病毒血清16型(BTV-16)病毒样颗粒,研究对载体pFastBac-Dual进行了改造,使其具有4个独立启动子的多克隆位点.依次将BTV-16 VP2、VP5、VP3和VP7基因插入到改造后载体(pF4)...     

Molecular characterization of unusual bovine group A rotavirus G8P[14] strains identified in western India: emergence of P[14] genotype

A total of 78 fecal specimens were collected from both apparently healthy (n=71) and diarrheic (n=7) cattle from an organized farm in Pune, western India in December 2007-January 2008. Three specimens tested positive for group A rotavirus (RV) by antigen capture ELISA were subjected to RT-PCR for amplification of entire coding regions of three structural (VP4, VP6 and VP7) and one nonstructural (NSP4) genes. All three strains were genotyped as G8P[14]. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes showed clustering of the VP7 gene with G8 strains of bovine origin and VP4 gene with P[14] strains of human origin. The identification of VP6 and NSP4 genes to have I2 (subgroup I) and E2 (genotype A) specificity, respectively of bovine and human origin indicated independent segregation of genes in bovine RV strains. This study indicates circulation of a rare RV genotype, G8P[14] in western India. To our knowledge, this is the second report on RV G8[14] isolated from bovine species after bovine group A RV strain, SUN9 from Japan.